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© 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 The Historical Association and Blackwell Publishing.

undoubtedly in headlong decline during this period, it remained an importantrhetorical forum for the Spanish Republic. Indeed, we are told that by 1937 thePortuguese regarded Geneva as ‘Stalin’s second capital’ (p. 248). It would alsobe interesting to extend the analysis to cover non-state organizations such ashumanitarian bodies, businesses and banks. The role of the latter two, in particular,has long been demonized, but rarely subjected to detailed research.Kellogg College, Oxford TOM BUCHANAN

Genocide and Resistance in Hitler’s Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks 1941–1943. By M. A. Hoare. Oxford University Press. 2006. xiv + 386pp. £55.00.

This is an instructive work for the history of the Second World War, morespecifically for the partisan struggle not only in Yugoslavia but also more generally.Furthermore, this book looks toward post-1945 tensions in eastern Europe.Rivalry between the Chetniks and the Partisans is carefully related to ethnic,religious and political tensions in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Hoare argues that thePartisan movement there at its inception involved the fusion of a modernrevolutionary organization with a traditional peasant rebellion. He sees theBosnian Chetniks as a Serb-nationalist reaction against the communist leadershipof the Serb uprising which was threatening to arm Croats and Muslims andthwart the establishment of a Great Serbia. Thus, there was a tension between apeople’s liberation struggle and a Serb liberation struggle. The Partisans arepresented as upholding the model of a multinational Bosnia-Hercegovina,although this does not answer the rather different question of the failure of thismodel to win much support in Kosovo where, instead, there was appreciablesupport for the Germans. Hoare offers an instructive account of the conflict aswell as the politics of the struggle. He argues that the capitulation of Italy wasthe turning point in the Partisans’ effort to build a mass movement among theCroats, Slovenes and Bosnian Muslims, for the Axis was exposed as the losingside and Italian military support for its allies was lost.University of Exeter JEREMY BLACK

The Changing Face of the Channel Islands Occupation: Record, Memory and Myth.By Hazel R. Knowles Smith. Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. xxiii + 288pp. £55.00.

An arresting discussion of the Channel Islands during the occupation, thiswork substantiates its claim that it overwhelmingly supports an honourablenarrative of occupation history, albeit with a few blemishes. It also is of value asan example of the discussion of individual and collective memory of the SecondWorld War. Furthermore, Smith captures the nature of life during the occupation.Gas, electricity and coal supplies eventually stopped, as did wood rations. AsSmith notes, ‘To those who have never known a food shortage so severe thatfood becomes an obsession, the feelings of the population at this juncture maybe a mystery. But this was a society living under such privation that the loss ofa potato could represent a tragedy, and the sight of a cup of tea, or some otherlong-forgotten item, could trigger almost hysterical rejoicing or weeping.’ Despiteprivations, few took part in collaboration and fraternization. The divisionswithin some other societies that led to large-scale collaboration were absent inthe Channel Islands. Instead there was a widespread ‘resistance of opinion’: the