Geno Capitoni

7/29/2019 Geno Capitoni

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GCAA

Tier 4 Specifications

BP Lubricants USA Inc

Geno CapitoniNational Accounts Manger


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2

History Emissions Reductions

Tier 1 phased in from 1996



Meeting the limits included;

Engine design

Piston ring position

EGR

Turbo design

Fuel injection timing

Electronics

Fuel quality


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3

Tier 4 Standards

Introduced in May 2004

Phased in from 2008 2013 for categories


4/18

4

Emissions Time Period Engine Useful Life

>50 hp 8,000 10 6,000 7

EPA requires the application of deterioration factors (DFs) to all engines covered by the rule.

The DF is a factor applied to the certification emission test data to represent emissions at theend of the useful life of the engine.


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5

Whats In Store For Tier 4?

1996 6.9 .4

2003 - .15 (65% reduc)

2006 - -

2011-2014 .3 (95% reduc).015 (90%)

(2011) (96%)

1996 6.9 .4

2001 - .15 (65% reduc)

2006 - -

2011-2014 .3 (95% reduc).015 (90%)

(2011) (96%)

1996 6.9 .4

2002 - .15 (65% reduc)

2006 - -

2011-2014 .3 (95% reduc)

.015 (90%)

(2011) (96%)


6/18

6

EOM Answers to Tier 4 Lower Emissions

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Particulate Filter

Increase % Cooled EGR

ACERT technology

Particulate Filter w/ advanced regeneration

Electronics

Turbo Charger Configurations

No announcement of SCR

Fuel Quality


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Retrofitting Existing Equipment

No requirements for retrofitting existing engines or equipment

No restrictions on the sale of used equipment

The estimated costs for added emission controls for the vast majority of equipment was estimated at 1-3% as a fraction of total equipment price

175 hp dozer that costs approximately $230,000 would cost up to $6,900 to add the advanced

emission controls and to design the dozer to accommodate the modified engine (source EPA)


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Fuel Quality

June 2007 - 500 PPM max fuel sulfur

June 2010 15 PPM max fuel sulfur (ULSD) for off road

June 2012 15 PPM max fuel sulfur (ULSD) for locomotive and marine use


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Biodiesel Fuel Benefits

Check with OEM for approved B blend, most at B5 (some at B20)

PM and HC emissions are toxic / carcinogenic

B100 reduces 90% of these air toxins

B20 reduces air toxins by 20-40%

Depends on fuel quality

Depends on biodiesel quality

Improved cetane value

Improved lubricity for pumps

Lower soot levels (more complete burn)


10/1810

Current OEM Thinking


11/1811

Biodiesel Fuel

Higher boiling points causes fuel dilution in the engine oil

High biodiesel gelation point causes thicker oil at start up

Can cause faster degradation of non-premium engine oils

Higher cost per gallon

~15% lower BTU value

8% less energy per gallon

1% - 2% less fuel economy

Cold weather performance

Premium winter blend -36F cloud point

B20 to the winter mix resulted in a -4F cloud point for the blend

High in solvency

Fuel filters may be affected pending fuel system / storage tank cleanliness (varnish)

Blends higher than B20 should use new equipment (tanks, plumbing, pumps)

Increase of NOx by ~2%

Oxidation stability less than #2 diesel fuel


12/1812

Recent Test Runs with B20

National BioDiesel Board / Engine Manufacturers

Association

API CJ-4 oils used

CAT C-13 test

500 hr test

Piston deposits

Oil consumption

Cummins ISB test

350 hr test

Cam lobe Cam follower wear

Mack T12 test

300 hr test

Liner / Bearing / Ring wear


13/1813

Recent Test Runs with B20

National BioDiesel Board / Engine Manufacturers Association

CAT C-13 test

Top groove and top land deposits within pass/fail vs 100% diesel

Second ring land deposits reached top end of pass/fail limits

Oil consumption elevated, but within pass/fail limits

Two cold stuck rings reported, but not in the area of increased

deposits

Cummins ISB test

Acceptable results within pass/fail limits vs 100% diesel

Mack T12 test

Lead wear limits were exceeded

TAN and Oxidation was significantly higher


14/1814

Federal Labeling Requirements

December 16, 2008 the Federal Trade Commission required the use of retail labels to inform consumers of the

percent of biodiesel in the fuel

Labeling requirements are based on the concentration levels of biodiesel in the finished fuel

B20 BiodieselBend

Contains biomass-based dieselor biodiesel in quantities

between 5 percent and20 percent

Less than B5 blends - No label is required

B5 < BXX B20 - Label are required but are NOT

required to provide the exact percentage of

biodiesel in this range

B20 < BXX < B100 - A specific blend designation

is required (e.g. B25, B50, B99, etc.)

B100 - The heading must display B100

B20 BiodieselBend

Contains biomass-based

diesel or biodiesel

B100 Biodiesel

contains 100

percent biodiesel


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State Labeling Requirements

State requirements will vary from state to state

For Example: Washington state requires:

Less than B2: No label is required

B2-B5 blended fuel must be labeled as:

Greater than B5 must be labeled with the volume percentage of biodiesel


16/1816

Financial Incentives to Use Biodiesel

Federal mandates

500 million gal B100 used per year in 2009

1 billion gal by 2012

Federal tax incentives

Biodiesel excise tax credit: $1.00 or $0.50 per gal, depending feedstock source, for B100 (ends 2010)

30% credit for cost to install B20 (or E85) refueling stations (ends 2009)

State mandates

Minnesota: B5 in every gallon of fuel sold by mid 2009

B2: Washington (2008), Massachusetts (2010)

State tax incentives - About 25 provide some incentives

IL: B1 B10 partial state sales tax exemption; > B10, 100% exemption (6.25%)


17/1817

Emissions Reductions Results

Emissions reductions estimated at 738,000 tons of NOx

Emissions reductions estimated at 129,000 tons of PM after full compliance

Estimated equivalent of parking 35,000,000 annually

Estimated 12,000 premature deaths will be prevented annually by 2030


18/1818

Sources

http://www.dieselnet.com/

Cational Biodiesel Board http://www.biodiesel.org/

EPA http://www.epa.gov/cleandiesel

EPA http://www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel/2004fr/420r04008.pdf

Technology & Maintenance Council presentation
http://www.dieselnet.com/http://www.biodiesel.org/http://www.epa.gov/cleandieselhttp://www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel/2004fr/420r04008.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel/2004fr/420r04008.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel/2004fr/420r04008.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel/2004fr/420r04008.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/cleandieselhttp://www.biodiesel.org/http://www.dieselnet.com/

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