Gennady Korotaev

Marine Hydrophysical Institute

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Historical Background of Ukrainian Oceanographic Observations

Ukraine was part of Soviet Union up to the end of 1991

The following organization located on the territory of Ukraine carried out oceanographic observations:

Academy of SciencesHydrometeoserviseFishing agencyNaval oceanography

Area of observations was all World Ocean with priority to the Atlantic and Indian ocean. The Black Sea was regularly covered by multidisciplinary observations mainly on coastal stations, oceanographic vessels or ships of opportunity.

Ukraine as independent state has restricted area of observations by the Black Sea or more exactly by the economic zone of Ukraine in the Black Sea with insignificant exclusions.

Initially it was an attempt to support regular oceanographic observations on the base of regional cooperation. The specialized Marine Agency was arranged in Ukraine to coordinate oceonographic observations. Five large-scale coordinated multi-disciplinary surveys of the Black Sea were carried out until the mid of 90-ies.

However increased economical problems resulted in disintegration of the Marine Agency and strong reduction of funding of oceanographic vessel activity. It was short term attempt to use oceanographic vessels as a commercial one and use them as ships of opportunity.

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Station count

1890 1926 1933 1940 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006

Year

Number of hydrographic stations in the Black Sea

•Second Workgroup Meeting of the Black Sea GOOS Project 22-25 May 2001, Poti, Georgia - , Election of Chairman and Executive Secretary•MoU of riparian countries July 2001, Paris, France•MoU with EUROGOOS October 2001, Paris, France•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 16 October 2002 Ankara, Turkey - Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation plan (2002-2007) was approved by all the Black Sea Member States•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting October 2003, Kiev, Ukraine – Protocol of Collaboration between Black Sea GOOS and ARENA Project•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting October 2006, Varna, Bulgaria – Memorandum of Understanding and Collaboration between Black Sea GOOS and ASCABOS Project•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 27 September 2007 Bulchik, Bulgaria - Discussion of preliminary results of realization of Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation plan (2002-2007)•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 24 October 2008, Istanbul, Turkey – Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation extended until the end of 2009

•Second session of IOC BSRC 4-6 May 1999, Istanbul, Turkey - Establishing of the Black Sea GOOS Project•First Workgroup Meeting of the Black Sea GOOS Project 11-15 October 1999, Varna, Bulgaria

web site: http://www.ims.metu.edu.tr/Black_Sea_GOOS/

Steering CommitteeChairman:Valeriy EREMEEVOceanological Center of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;Executive Secretary:Temel OGUZInstitute of Marine Sciences, Turkey;Atanas PALAZOVInstitute of Oceanology Bulgaria;Kakhaber BILASHVILITbilisi State UniversityGeorgia; Alexander POSTNOVState Oceanographic InstituteRussian Federation;Simion NIKOLAEVNational Institute of Marine Research and DevelopmentRomania;Gennady KOROTAEVMarine Hydrophysical InstituteUkraine.

Structural and functional diagram of the Black Sea GOOS

Ukraine observing programs mainly follow the Black Sea GOOS strategy.

Hydrometeorologic service supports coastal station partly transmitted the data via GTS.

Ministries of Environment and Education carry out episodic cruises in the coastal area

Academy of Sciences realized the program of the Black Sea remote sensing, the surface drifting buoy program and started together with IMS (Turkey) and University of Washington (USA) with support of ONR Europe the profiling floats measurements.

Satellite missions

Data processing centers

Colour WindAltimetry

MHI NCEPNMA NOAA

NASAAVISO

OrbView-2

NOAA Jason-1

GFO

Envisat

Meteosat

QuickSCATERS

SST

Topex/Poseidon

ERS

Black Sea Remote Sensing Subsystem

The drifting buoys and profiling floats subprogram

Almost 90 drifters were launched at the Black Sea.

Eight among them are with the termistor chain

PALACE float measurements at the Black Sea

Eight profiling floats operated at the Black Sea starting from September 2002

Air pressure gauge SETRATMand GPS

Sea level gauge PAROSTM

European Sea Level Services TG Network in EB MHI, Kaciveli

MedGLOSS

Katsiveli platform

Significant part of the Black Sea GOOS and Ukrainian strategy was implementation of the Black Sea nowcasting and forecasting system.

Such system operates assimilating all available data providing their interpolation and extrapolation on the regular grid and forecasting their short –term evolution.

The implementation of the routinely operating nowcasting and forecasting system in the Black Sea is carried out in the framework of the EC FP& MyOcean project

MFC and regions• 1. Global

• 2. Arctic

• 3. Baltic

• 4. NWS

• 5. IBI

• 6. Med Sea

• 7 Black Sea

MOON & MedGOOS

GOOS/

Godae

NOOS

BOOS

Arctic GOOS

Black Sea GOOS6

IBI-ROOS

111

2

34

5

6

7

Marine operational forecastsWIND TEMPERATURE

SURFACE WAVES CURRENTS

DATA FLOW OF MY OCEAN PROJECT

SL TAC

(Toulouse, France)

SST TAC

(Frascatti, Italy)

OC TAC

(Frascatti, Italy)

In Situ TAC

(Drifters, Profiling Floats)

(Brest France)

Thematic Assembly

Centers

CIRCULATION MODEL

ECOSYSTEM MODEL

WAVE MODEL

BIOOPTICAL MODEL

Black Sea Marine

Forecasting Center

Atmospheric Forecast

(Athens, Greece; Bukurest, Romania,

Sevastopol, Ukraine )

FIVE DAYS

FORECASTS

(www.myocean.eu

Nested systems of nowcasting/forecasting of circulation in the coastal regions

Ro

~ 1 km

170 x 270

A z o v S e a

Marma

ra Sea

BT Ge

Ru

MHI-1

~ 1 km

250 x 180

~ 1 km

300 x 160

~ 1km

430 x 200

1 km

190 x 170

MyO Thematic

Assemling Center

(TAC)

NOAA, ERS, EnviSat, Jason

MyO Production Unit

BS SEVASTOPOL-UA

Atmosphere

forcing

(ALADIN/SKIRON) MyO

Dissemination

Unit (DU)

MyO Center

Service Desk

(CRD)

MyOcean

Black Sea MFC

Server BSC

Black Sea

Truck Web

Internet

Internet

Internet

User

User

User

BlackSeaTrack Web system -components and structure

MyOcean Close out / MyOcean 2 Kick Off – 27-29 March 2012

n Black Sea Track Web: a new downstream service is MyO customer:

Oil spill accident near Odessa Search and Rescue application

NATIONAL POLICY AND REGULATION

The current legislation in Ukraine is based in significant part on the

former Soviet Union laws which are strict enough especially in case

when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state.

The meteorological data which are collected by the coastal stations

involved in the WMO network.

Ministry of ecology is a basic contact point of the Black Sea

Commission protecting the basin against pollution. All the data

obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the

Commission members.

Ukraine is the member of IOC therefore data collected in the framework

of international collaboration can be accepted for the exchange on the

equivalency conditions. The academic institutions use this opportunity

Data of the naocast and forecast are free available.

The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ

especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co

protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb

the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat

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1 WOD – 98

2 NATO TU BLACK SEA

PROJECT

3 MEDAR/MEDATLAS II

PROJECT

4 RESCUE OF BLACK

SEA HYDROLOGICAL

DATA

5 BSOD

6 SEADATANET

7 Data bank of MHI

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Station count

1890 1926 1933 1940 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006

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Black Sea historical data on Sea water temperature

and Sea water salinity in MHI – Ukrainian NODC

(Physical Oceanography)

– Physical Parameters

The database contains about 159300

oceanographic stations since1890 till

20100

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Station Count

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Month

FINANCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK

Three oceanographic data providers in Ukraine (academy of Sciences,

Hydrometeoservice and Ministry of environment) have dedicated funding from

state to support obligatory observational network and to carry out

oceanographic research.

IMPLEMENTATION OF R&D AND MONITORING

PROGRAMS

All mentioned above structures have five-year planning cycle

The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ

especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co

protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb

the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat

FUTURE PLANS AND PROSPECTS

Coastal network will be supported routinely by Hydrometeoservice but

without implementation of modern technologies

Remote sensing data (altimetry, SST and Sea Color data) will be provided

by the MyOcean2 project.

Nowcasting and forecasting activity will be prolonged at least until the

end of the MyOcean2 project improving quality of products.

There is an intention to participate in the launch of the profiling floats

using all available possibilities (one float will be launched in the

framework of FP7 PERSEUS project

The following additional observations are planned for the next four

years:

The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ

especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co

protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb

the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat

LAUNCHE OF DRIFTERS WITH

THERMISTOR CHAIN

EXAMPLE OF A BUOY

TRAJECTORY (LEFT)

AND TEMPERATURE

SECTION (BELOW)

OBSERVING SYSTEM+

(MHI NASU, IO RAS TOGETHER WITH IBSS

NASU)

OPEN SEAFERRY BOX

DRIFTERS

WITH THERMISTOR CHAIN

COASTAL ZONETIME SERIES

FROM

STATIONARY PLATFORMS

RESEARCH CRUISES

FERRY BOX EQUIPMENT

• CTD

• TRANCPARENCY METER:

- 5 CHANNELS (350-650нм)

• FLUORIMRTER

• FAR

• SAMPLES

FERRY BOX TRACES

Yellow triangles are profiling floats, circles with a dash are drifters with

thermistor chain, lines connecting Sevastopol, Odessa and Bosphorus mouth

and also Yalta and Trabzon are routs of ferries, yellow squares are platforms

near the Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian coasts where time series will be

collected, repeating hydrographich polygons near Bulgarian, Ukrainian and

Russian coasts are marked by red lines, black lines near the Crimea are

research vessel sections, Thin black lines show economic zone boundaries

The scheme of observations for future Black Sea

GOOS plan