GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST Name: Datepage 2 GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST. 7. The diagram below represents a section of a molecule that carries genetic information. The pattern of numbers

GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST

Name: Date:

1. Which statement best describes therelationship between the number of genesand the number of chromosomes in humanskin cells?

(1) There are more genes than chromosomesin skin cells.

(2) There are more chromosomes thangenes in skin cells.

(3) There are equal numbers of genes andchromosomes in skin cells.

2. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the diagram below of a DNAmolecule and on lyour knowledge of biology.

What occurs in the process of replication?

(1) Structure 1 is hydrolyed.

(2) Chemical bonds are broken in region 2.

(3) Structure 3 is synthesized.

(4) Proteins are formed in region 2.

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3. A great deal of information can now beobtained about the future health of people byexamining the genetic makeup of their cells.There are concerns that this informationcould be used to deny an individual healthinsurance or employment.

These concerns best illustrate that

(1) scientific explanations depend uponevidence collected from a single source

(2) scientific inquiry involves the collectionof information from a large number ofsources

(3) acquiring too much knowledge in humangenetics will discourage future researchin that area

(4) while science provides knowledge,values are essential to making ethicaldecisions using this knowledge

4. When DNA separates into two strands, theDNA would most likely be directly involvedin

(1) replication (2) fertilization

(3) differentiation (4) evolution

5. In an experiment, DNA from dead pathogenicbacteria was transferred into living bacteriathat do not cause disease. These alteredbacteria were then injected into healthymice. These mice died of the same diseasecaused by the original pathogens. Based onthis information, which statement would be avalid conclusion?

(1) DNA is present only in living organisms.

(2) DNA functions only in the originalorganism of which it was a part.

(3) DNA changes the organism receivingthe injection into the original organism.

(4) DNA from a dead organism can becomeactive in another organism.

6. If a set of instructions that determines allof the characteristics of an organism iscompared to a book, and a chromosome iscompared to a chapter in the book, thenwhat might be compared to a paragraph inthe book?

(1) a starch molecule

(2) an egg

(3) an amino acid

(4) a DNA molecule

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7. The diagram below represents a section of amolecule that carries genetic information.

The pattern of numbers represents

(1) a sequence of paired bases

(2) the order of proteins in a gene

(3) folds of an amino acid

(4) positions of gene mutations

8. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the information and diagrambelow and on your knowledge of biology.

The diagram below shows theresults of a test that was done usingDNA samples from three bearsof different species. Each DNAsample was cut into fragments usinga specific enzyme and placed in thewells as indicated below. The DNAfragments were then separated usinggel electrophoresis.

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNAfragments on the basis of their

(1) size (2) color

(3) functions (4) chromosomes



The four wells represented inthe diagram were each injectedwith fragments that were preparedfrom DNA samples using identicaltechniques.

This laboratory procedure is known as

(1) cloning

(2) gel electrophoresis

(3) chromatography

(4) use of a dichotomous key

10. Steps in a reproductive process used toproduce a sheep with certain traits are listedbelow.

Step 1— The nucleus was removed from anunfertilized egg taken from sheep A.

Step 2—The nucleus of a body cell takenfrom sheep B was then inserted into thisunfertilized egg from sheep A.

Step 3—The resulting cell was thenimplanted into the uterus of sheep C.

Step 4—Sheep C gave birth to sheep D.

Which sheep would be most geneticallysimilar to sheep D?

(1) sheep A, only

(2) sheep B, only

(3) both sheep A and B

(4) both sheep A and C

11. Which two structures of a frog would mostlikely have the same chromosome number?

(1) skin cell and fertilized egg cell

(2) zygote and sperm cell

(3) kidney cell and egg cell

(4) liver cell and sperm cell


12. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the diagram below and onyour knowledge of biology. The diagramshows the results of a technique used toanalyze DNA.

This technique used to analyze DNA directlyresults in

(1) synthesizing large fragments of DNA

(2) separating DNA fragments on the basisof size

(3) producing genetically engineered DNAmolecules

(4) removing the larger DNA fragmentsfrom the samples

13. Electrophoresis is a method of

(1) separating DNA fragments

(2) changing the genetic code of anorganism

(3) indicating the presence of starch

(4) separating colored compounds on a stripof paper

14. Chromosomes can be described as

(1) large molecules that have only onefunction

(2) folded chains of bonded glucosemolecules

(3) reproductive cells composed ofmolecular bases

(4) coiled strands of genetic material


15. Several structures are labeled in the diagramof a puppy shown below.

Every cell in each of these structurescontains

(1) equal amounts of ATP

(2) identical genetic information

(3) proteins that are all identical

(4) organelles for the synthesis of glucose

16. Coded instructions that are passed from onegeneration to the next can be most directlychanged by the processes of

(1) passive transport, natural selection, andsynthesis

(2) selective breeding, replication, andabsorption

(3) recombination, mutation, and geneticengineering

(4) evolution, reproduction, and digestion

17. The diagram below represents the bandingpattern for human chromosome 11, withsome of the bands labeled.

The bands represent

(1) proteins (2) genes

(3) starches (4) enzymes

18. Modern technology could be used to clonepet dogs and cats. The cloned animalswould resemble the original pets because

(1) the genes of the new animals aredifferent from those of the original pets

(2) half of the genetic information of thenew animals is the same as that of theoriginal pets

(3) the new animals have mutations notfound in the original pets

(4) the new animals have the same geneticinformation as the original pets


19. The colors and scents of plants attracthelpful insects and repel insects that feed onthem. The production of the proteins thatprovide these colors and scents is the directresult of the

(1) behavior learned from parent plants

(2) presence of specific genes

(3) the genetic makeup of the surroundingvegetation

(4) inability of plants to move as animalsdo

20. Which organism would most likely have newgene combinations?

(1) a frog that was produced from a skincell of a frog

(2) a hamster resulting from sexualreproduction

(3) a bacterium resulting from asexualreproduction

(4) a starfish that grew from part of astarfish

21. Which technique could be used to determinethe relative number of bases in fragmentstaken from a sample of DNA?

(1) electrophoresis

(2) cloning

(3) paper chromatography

(4) light microscopy

22. When the bacterium Serratia marcescensis grown on a sterile culture medium in apetri dish at 30◦C, the bacterial colonies arecream colored. When this same bacteriumis cultured under identical conditions, exceptat a temperature of 25◦C, the colonies arebrick red. This difference in color is mostlikely due to the

(1) type of nutrients in the culture medium

(2) sterilization of the culture medium

(3) effect of temperature on the expressionof the gene for color

(4) effect of colony size on the synthesis ofcolor pigments


23. Base your answer to the following questionon the graph below and on your knowledgeof biology. The graph shows the level ofgene expression of five different genes innormal and cancerous cells.

Which statement is a valid inference that canbe made based on the data in this graph?

(1) The change in the level of geneexpression in gene 4 could indicate itplays a major role in the developmentof cancer.

(2) Slight decreases in gene expression willalways result in the formation of cancercells.

(3) Cells will develop cancer if the geneexpression of these five genes remainsbelow four peptides per second.

(4) An increase in the level of geneexpression in these five genes isnecessary for cancer to develop in cells.

24. Several goldfish were kept in a smallaquarium for several years. The fish grew tobe approximately 6 centimeters long in thefirst year, and after that, growth in lengthstopped. These fish were later transferredto a large pond. In the pond, the goldfishgrew much larger, reaching lengths of around25 centimeters. Which statement providesthe best explanation for the increased growthof the fish in the pond?

(1) Chemicals present in the pond increasedthe amount of DNA in the fish, causingthe growth increase.

(2) The expression of genetic informationin the fish was influenced by theirsurroundings.

(3) The fish expressed and passed on onlythose characteristics that enabled themto survive in the new environment.

(4) The size of the fish depended only ontheir food supply and not on their DNA.


25. The table below indicates a reproductivepattern in some sea turtles when eggsdevelop in areas with differing temperatures.

Sex Determination in Sea Turtles

Temperature (◦C) Offspring Produced

below 23 usually none

23–27 mostly males

28–30 50/50 males: females

31–33 mostly females

above 33 usually none

The sex of turtle offspring is most probably

(1) determined only by genes inherited fromthe parent turtles

(2) controlled entirely by the location wherethe young are raised

(3) a result of genetic information beinginfluenced by environmental conditions

(4) an identical pattern to the reproductivepattern found in humans

26. In the summer, the arctic fox appears brownbecause its cells produce a dark pigment.However, in the winter, the arctic fox appearswhite because the dark pigment is notproduced. The color change is most likelydue to the effect of

(1) different genes produced in the differentseasons

(2) increased pollution on genetic mutations

(3) environmental conditions on geneexpression

(4) poor nutrition on cell growth anddevelopment

27. Even though identical twins have the samegenetic material, they may develop slightlydifferent characteristics because

(1) each twin receives different chromosomesfrom the egg

(2) one twin may only have genes from thefather

(3) gene expression may be influenced byfactors that switch genes on and off

(4) a gene mutation may have occurredbefore the zygote divided


28. The puppies shown in the photograph beloware all from the same litter.

The differences seen within this group ofpuppies are most likely due to

(1) overproduction and selective breeding

(2) mutations and elimination of genes

(3) evolution and asexual reproduction

(4) sorting and recombination of genes


29. Which sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and the traits of an organism?

(1) (2)

(3) (4)


30. The letters in the accompanying diagramrepresent genes on a particular chromosome.

Gene B contains the code for an enzymethat cannot be synthesized unless gene A isalso active. Which statement best explainswhy this can occur?

(1) A hereditary trait can be determined bymore than one gene.

(2) Genes are made up of double-strandedsegments of DNA.

(3) All the genes on a chromosome act toproduce a single trait.

(4) The first gene on each chromosomecontrols all the other genes on thechromosome.

31. To determine the identity of their biologicalparents, adopted children sometimes requestDNA tests. These tests involve comparingDNA samples from the child to DNAsamples taken from the likely parents.Possible relationships may be determinedfrom these tests because the

(1) base sequence of the father determinesthe base sequence of the offspring

(2) DNA of parents and their offspringis more similar than the DNA ofnonfamily members

(3) position of the genes on eachchromosome is unique to each family

(4) mutation rate is the same in closelyrelated individuals


32. Researchers recently discovered that whenhammerhead sharks were moved to shallowerwater, resulting in exposure to increased lightintensity, their backs turned a deep brownishblack. Which statement best supports thisobservation?

(1) Genes are inherited, but their expressioncan be modified by interactions with theenvironment.

(2) The cells of hammerhead sharks containmany thousands of different genes intheir nuclei.

(3) An inherited trait of an individual canbe determined by one or by many genes.

(4) Asexually produced offspring arenormally genetically identical to theparent.

33. Brothers and sisters often have similar facialcharacteristics, such as nose shape or eyecolor, because they

(1) are raised in similar environments

(2) eat similar types of foods

(3) have similar types of proteins

(4) use similar types of facial care products

34. The fruit fly represented in the diagrambelow has unusual, curled wings that formedafter exposure to radiation.

In order for the fly to pass this trait on to itsoffspring, a change had to occur in

(1) the blood cells of the fly

(2) the gametes of the fly

(3) all the body cells of the fly

(4) the muscles of the fly

35. Which factor has the greatest influenceon the development of new, inheritablecharacteristics?

(1) combinations of genes resulting frommitosis

(2) mutations of genes in reproductive cells

(3) sorting of genes during asexualreproduction

(4) recombining of genes duringdifferentiation


36. Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plantsthat produced wrinkled peas. The peasfrom these plants produced new plants thatalso produced wrinkled peas. The scientistconcluded that something in the parent plantswas being transmitted to the next generation.This discovery is now known as

(1) genetic engineering

(2) biological evolution

(3) heredity

(4) natural selection

37. Young birds that have been raised in isolationfrom members of their species build nestscharacteristic of their species. This suggeststhat the nest-building behavior is

(1) genetically inherited from parents

(2) learned by watching members of theirspecies

(3) a disadvantage to the survival of thespecies

(4) a direct result of the type of food thebird eats

38. The diagram below represents the cloning ofa carrot plant.

Compared to each cell of the original carrotplant, each cell of the new plant will have

(1) the same number of chromosomes andthe same types of genes

(2) the same number of chromosomes, butdifferent types of genes

(3) half the number of chromosomes andthe same types of genes

(4) half the number of chromosomes, butdifferent types of genes

39. The transfer of genes from parents to theiroffspring is known as

(1) differentiation (2) heredity

(3) immunity (4) evolution


40. Asexually reproducing organisms pass onhereditary information as

(1) sequences of A, T, C, and G

(2) chains of complex amino acids

(3) folded protein molecules

(4) simple inorganic sugars

41. Hereditary traits are transmitted fromgeneration to generation by means of

(1) specific sequences of bases in DNA inreproductive cells

(2) proteins in body cells

(3) carbohydrates in body cells

(4) specific starches making up DNA inreproductive cells

42. A portion of a molecule is shown in thediagram below.

Which statement best describes the mainfunction of this type of molecule?

(1) It is a structural part of the cell wall.

(2) It stores energy for metabolic processes.

(3) It determines what traits may beinherited.

(4) It transports materials across the cellmembrane.


43. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the diagram below of a DNAmolecule and on lyour knowledge of biology.

What is the base sequence of strand X?

(1) G-T-A-C (2) T-G-C-A

(3) G-T-C-A (4) A-T-C-G

44. A medical test indicates that a patient hasa defective protein. This condition is mostlikely due to a change in the directionscoded in the

(1) number of hydrogen atoms in starchmolecules

(2) sequence of inorganic molecules

(3) number of carbon atoms in sugarmolecules

(4) sequence of subunits in DNA

45. A small amount of DNA was taken froma fossil of a mammoth found frozen inglacial ice. Genetic technology can be usedto produce a large quantity of identicalDNA from this mammoth’s DNA. In thistechnology, the original DNA sample is usedto

(1) stimulate differentiation in othermammoth cells

(2) provide fragments to replace certainhuman body chemicals

(3) act as a template for repeated replication

(4) trigger mitosis to obtain new basesequences


46. The accompanying diagrams representportions of the genes that code for wingstructure in two organisms of the samespecies. Gene 1 was taken from the cellsof a female with normal wings, and gene 2was taken from the cells of a female withabnormal wings.

The abnormal wing structure was most likelydue to

(1) an insertion

(2) a substitution

(3) a deletion

(4) normal replication

47. Molecule 1 represents a segment ofhereditary information, and molecule 2represents the portion of a molecule that isdetermined by information from molecule 1.

What will most likely happen if there isa change in the first three subunits on theupper strand of molecule 1?

(1) The remaining subunits in molecule 1will also change.

(2) A portion of molecule 2 may bedifferent.

(3) Molecule 1 will split apart, triggeringan immune response.

(4) Molecule 2 may form two strands ratherthan one.


48. In the accompanying diagram, strands I andII represent portions of a DNA molecule.Strand II would normally include

(1) AGC (2) TCG

(3) TAC (4) GAT

49. The genetic code of a DNA molecule isdetermined by a specific sequence of

(1) ATP molecules (2) sugar molecules

(3) chemical bonds (4) molecular bases

50. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the information and chartbelow and on your knowledge of biology.

In DNA, a sequence of threebases is a code for the placement of acertain amino acid in a protein chain.The table below shows some aminoacids with their abbreviations and DNAcodes

Which amino acid chain would be producedby the DNA base sequence below?

C-A-A-G-T-T-A-A-A-T-T-A-T-T-G-T-G-A

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


51. A single gene mutation results from

(1) a change in a base sequence in DNA

(2) recombination of traits

(3) the failure of chromosomes to separate

(4) blocked nerve messages

52. Genes involved in the production ofabnormal red blood cells have an abnormalsequence of

(1) ATP molecules (2) amino acids

(3) sugars (4) bases

53. The parents of a new baby believe theybrought the wrong child home from thehospital. Gel electrophoresis was performedusing DNA samples from the parents and thechild. A section of the gel electrophoresisresults is shown below.

Which conclusion is valid based on the gelelectrophoresis results?

(1) They have the correct child, because hergenetic information is identical to thatof the father.

(2) They have the wrong child, because hergenetic information does not match thatof either parent.

(3) They have the correct child, becauseher genetic information came from bothparents.

(4) They have the wrong child, because hergenetic information matches only that ofthe mother.


54. The diagram below shows an alteration thatoccurred during the replication process of aportion of a gene. The numbers identify thelocations of specific bases in the sequence.

Replication−→

This alteration is most likely the result of

(1) a substitution at base 2

(2) a deletion of base 2

(3) an insertion of base 3

(4) a deletion of base 4

55. The diagram below represents a segment ofa gene on two chromosomes.

Normal gene

Mutated gene

The change in the gene sequence is anexample of

(1) an insertion (2) a deletion

(3) a substitution (4) a replication

56. DNA samples can be separated according tosize using the technique of

(1) chromatography (2) electrophoresis

(3) replication (4) dissection

57. Four different segments of a DNA moleculeare represented below.

There is an error in the DNA molecule in

(1) segment 1, only

(2) segment 3, only

(3) segments 2 and 3

(4) segments 2 and 4


58. The diagram below represents a portion of aDNA molecule.

The letters represent different types of

(1) sugar molecules (2) molecular bases

(3) enzymes (4) proteins

59. Part of a molecule found in cells isrepresented below.

Which process is most directly affected bythe arrangement of components 1 through 4?

(1) diffusion through cell membranes

(2) fertilization of a sex cell

(3) sequencing of amino acids in cells

(4) increasing the number of cells in anorganism

60. If 15% of a DNA sample is made up ofthymine, T, what percentage of the sample ismade up of cytosine, C?

(1) 15% (2) 35% (3) 70% (4) 85%


61. DNA electrophoresis is used to studyevolutionary relationships of species. Thediagram below shows the results of DNAelectrophoresis for four different animalspecies.

Which species has the most DNA incommon with species A?

(1) X and Y, only (2) Y, only

(3) Z, only (4) X, Y, and Z

62. The function of the coded instructionscontained in the body cells of an organismis to

(1) form a variety of gametes that will passon hereditary information

(2) direct the synthesis of proteins necessaryfor proper cell function

(3) synthesize different kinds of amino acidsin a specific sequence

(4) produce the inorganic molecules neededfor normal cell growth


63. The accompanying diagram represents aprocess that occurs within a cell in thehuman pancreas.

This process is known as

(1) digestion by enzymes

(2) protein synthesis

(3) energy production

(4) replication of DNA

64. A change in the order of DNA bases thatcode for a respiratory protein will mostlikely cause

(1) the production of a starch that has asimilar function

(2) the digestion of the altered gene byenzymes

(3) a change in the sequence of amino acidsdetermined by the gene

(4) the release of antibodies by certain cellsto correct the error

65. The diagram below shows some of the stepsin protein synthesis.

The section of DNA being used to make thestrand of mRNA is known as a

(1) carbohydrate (2) gene

(3) ribosome (4) chromosome


66. Which row in the chart below contains a cellstructure paired with its primary function?

Row Cell Structure Function

(1) ribosome protein synthesis

(2) vacuole production of genetic information

(3) nucleus carbohydrate synthesis

(4) mitochondrion waste disposal

(1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

67. White short-horned cattle and Black Anguscattle have been crossed to produce offspringwith superior beef and rapid growth qualities.This process of choosing organisms with themost desirable traits for mating is known as

(1) cloning

(2) biodiversity

(3) selective breeding


68. Which process is a common practice that hasbeen used by farmers for hundreds of yearsto develop new plant and animal varieties?

(1) cloning


(3) cutting DNA and removing segments

(4) selective breeding for desirable traits


69. Modern dogs are direct descendants of thegray wolf. They first appeared about 130,000years ago. Today, there are about 150different breeds of domestic dog, a few ofwhich are shown below.

All modern domestic dogs are descendants of the gray wolf.

adapted from: www.pbs.org

The great variety of modern dogs can bestbe explained by

(1) selective breeding of dogs over manyyears

(2) the cloning of domestic dogs

(3) genetic alterations in gray wolves alivetoday

(4) natural selection favoring wolves overdogs

70. Scientists have cloned sheep but have not yetcloned a human. The best explanation forthis situation is that

(1) the technology to clone humans has notbeen explored

(2) human reproduction is very differentfrom that of other mammals

(3) there are many ethical problems involvedin cloning humans

(4) cloning humans would take too long

71. Scientists have successfully cloned animals,including large mammals such as sheep.Which statement provides the most likelyreason that a human has not yet been cloned?

(1) Humans have DNA that is structurallyvery different from other mammals.

(2) Cloning can only be performed onanimals that normally reproduceasexually.

(3) Human genes are made of too manydifferent types of simple sugars.

(4) Some people consider human geneticexperiments unethical.


72. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the information below and onyour knowledge of biology.

Female mosquitoes spreaddiseases when they bite humans toobtain blood. It is only the femalesthat do the biting. Research is beingconducted to alter the DNA of malemosquitoes. These altered malescould then mate with normal femalemosquitoes. All of the resulting femaleoffspring would have wing defects thatprevent them from flying.

The method used to alter the malemosquitoes is an example of an applicationof

(1) a feedback mechanism


(3) biotechnology

(4) physiology

73. Base your answer(s) to the followingqusetion(s) on the statement below and onyour knowledge of biology.

Scientists have found a gene inthe DNA of a certain plant that couldbe the key to increasing the amount oflycopene, a cancerfighting substance, intomatoes.

The process of inserting this gene into theDNA of a tomato plant is known as



(3) cloning

(4) replication

74. A scientist claimed that he had cloned aguinea pig to produce two offspring, a maleand a female. The claim is not valid because

(1) guinea pigs can reproduce both sexuallyand asexually

(2) the two offspring are not identicalcopies of the original guinea pig

(3) each of the offspring had half thegenetic information of the originalguinea pig

(4) none of the genetic information camefrom the original guinea pig


75. Some goats have been genetically modifiedwith a human gene that codes for a bloodanticlotting factor. The anticlotting factorcan then be extracted from the goat milkand used during surgery. To produce thesegenetically modified goats, scientists mostlikely

(1) injected the anticlotting factor into themilkproducing glands of the animals

(2) added modified DNA into the milk ofthe animals

(3) inserted the human gene into the eggcells of goats

(4) altered the nutritional requirements ofnewborn goats

76. Plants in species A cannot fight most fungalinfections. Plants in species B make aprotein that kills many fungi. One possibleway for humans to produce species A plantswith the ability to synthesize this proteinwould be to

(1) mutate fungal DNA and introduce themutated DNA into species B using avirus

(2) add DNA from species B into the soilaround species A

(3) insert the gene for the protein fromspecies B into a chromosome inspecies A

(4) cross species A and a fungus tostimulate the synthesis of this protein


77. The accompanying diagram illustrates somekey steps of a procedure in one area ofbiotechnology.

The letter X most likely represents

(1) bacterial cells that are unable tosynthesize insulin

(2) human cells that are able to synthesizeantibodies

(3) bacterial cells that are able to synthesizeinsulin

(4) human cells that are unable to resistantibiotics

78. The accompanying diagrams represent somesteps in a procedure used in biotechnology.

Letters X and Y represent the

(1) hormones that stimulate the replicationof bacterial DNA

(2) biochemical catalysts involved in theinsertion of genes into other organisms

(3) hormones that trigger rapid mutation ofgenetic information

(4) gases needed to produce the energyrequired for gene manipulation


79. The diagram below represents a scientifictechnique in use today.

Scientists have used this technique to

(1) produce hormones for human use at alower cost than other methods

(2) produce pathogens that are able to livein humans

(3) clone human cells with desiredcharacteristics

(4) eliminate the need for laboratoryproduction of medicines for humans

80. Which statement would most likely be usedto describe the procedure represented in thediagram below?

(1) Enzymes are used to assemble aninsulin gene, which is then attached tobacterial DNA.

(2) Bacterial DNA is cut from a humanDNA strand and inserted into a humancell to form an insulin gene.

(3) The insulin gene is cut out of a humanDNA strand using an enzyme andinserted into bacterial DNA, resultingin a combination of different DNAsegments.

(4) A gene is deleted from bacterial DNAto produce an insulin gene, which isthen inserted into human DNA.


81. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the diagram below, whichillustrates some steps in genetic engineeringand on your knowledge of biology.

State one way that enzymes are used instep 2.

82. The accompanying diagram represents atechnique used in biotechnology.

Name a specific substance that can beproduced by this technique and state howhumans have benefited from the productionof this substance.


83. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Universal Genetic Code Chart below and onyour knowledge of biology. Some DNA, RNA, and amino acid information from the analysis of agene present in five different species is shown in the chart on the next page.

According to the information, which two species are most closely related? Support your answer.

Species: and


84. Using the information given, fill in themissing DNA bases in the DNA strand forspecies C in the chart on the next page.

85. Using the information given, fill in themissing mRNA bases in the mRNA strandfor species B in the chart on the next page.

86. Using the Universal Genetic Code Chart, fillin the missing amino acids in the amino acidsequence for species A in the chart provided.

87. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the diagram below and onyour knowledge of biology.

Identify the type of building blockrepresented by the letters A, B, and C.

88. If the sequence of building blocks werechanged, what effect could it most likelyhave on the protein?

89. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the information below and onyour knowledge of biology.

DNA samples were taken from threedifferent species and used to determine theamino acid sequence for a portion of aparticular protein. The amino acids werethen compared in order to determine whichspecies were most closely related. Some ofthe information is shown on the table below.

SpeciesA

DNA base sequencemRNA base sequenceamino acid sequence

GACCUGLEU

TGAACUTHR

CTCGAG

CACGUGVAL

TGAACU

SpeciesB


GAC

LEU

AGAUCU

CTTGAA

CAC

VAL

TGAACUTHR

SpeciesC


GACCUGLEU

TGC

THR

CACGUGVAL

CTC

GLU

AGAUCUSER

State one specific effect on the proteinproduced if an mRNA code is changed fromAGU to AGA.

90. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the diagram of a cell below.

Choose either structure 3 or structure 4,write the number of the structure on the linebelow, and describe how it aids the processof protein synthesis.

Structure:



The diagram below shows theresults of a test that was done usingDNA samples from three bearsof different species. Each DNAsample was cut into fragments usinga specific enzyme and placed in thewells as indicated below. The DNAfragments were then separated usinggel electrophoresis.

Which two bears are most closely related?Support your answer with data from the testresults.

92. Identify one additional way to determine theevolutionary relationship of these bears.

93. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the table below, whichrepresents the DNA codes for several aminoacids.

Amino Acid DNA Code Sequence

Cysteine ACA or ACG

Tryptophan ACC

Valine CAA or CAC or CAG or CAT

Proline GGA or GGC or GGG or GGT

Asparagine TTA or TTG

Methionine TAC

The original DNA sequence undergoes thefollowing change:

TACACACAAACGGGG →TACACACAAACGGGT

State one reason this mutation produces nochange in the action of the final moleculethat will be synthesized from this code.


94. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the information and chartbelow and on your knowledge of biology.

In DNA, a sequence of threebases is a code for the placement of acertain amino acid in a protein chain.The table below shows some aminoacids with their abbreviations and DNAcodes

Identify one environmental factor that couldcause a base sequence in DNA to be changedto a different base sequence.

95. Base your answer(s) to the followingquestion(s) on the table below, whichrepresents the DNA codes for several aminoacids.

Amino Acid DNA Code Sequence

Cysteine ACA or ACG

Tryptophan ACC

Valine CAA or CAC or CAG or CAT

Proline GGA or GGC or GGG or GGT

Asparagine TTA or TTG

Methionine TAC

The DNA sequence undergoes the followingchange:

TACACACAAACGGGG →TACACCCAAACGGGG

How would the sequence of amino acids bechanged as a result of this mutation?


Documents

GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST Name: Datepage 2 GENETICS UNIT PRACTICE TEST. 7. The diagram below represents a section of a molecule that carries genetic information. The pattern of numbers