Genetics Text Review ch 11.14 KEY

Nmne ~ Class _ Date _

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics . Section Review 11-1

Reviewing Key Concepts

Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.

1. State Men4el's principle of dominance.mende\\:) y\?.M)(\\?\e d? dCrD\oorce 6t&\eS ±tab rot<'fo.\\e\6 0J2Q OOm\o6>.Ok +- cMeC)· G@ Q!C~\W,(.

3. What combination of alleles could produce a trait controlled by a '?'fe.6er)t .. recessive allele?

~-+£S\t ~s:e~~ ~;~~aU:~ ~~~EUCRd4. Explain segregation of alleles, using pea plant traits in your example.

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Reviewing Key Skills J <effie .5. Applying Concepts Explain how Mendel's experiments would have

been different if he had not worked with true-breeding plants.TnA e, brtecllflq pI ants 4/low·eel ,N\ i net e \ 10 P iV)poi (1+ -the CfuAH of -J CA.'ll;vnOfl i{I '1rCld-s iolcIt\t (O(,lld COVltrO\ w'vnch e\(ur1S bf'Ul. W)O -Hv\Q.-hf-l~vli.llq fW-VlTS i Mef\ckel wOvuc1 no-\- V,C\ vebQ.€-Vl CWbleill clv-cvw h\s eMU US LO/\ so] C 11IIE re., W Oi.A...lct be TOO VYHL Vl'y vC\...,n lA.i>1 es.

6. Comparing and Contrasting Explain the difference between cross--t::i _ pollination and self-pollination in plants.

(.rO~~-~PO\\I'NJ ...1\O(\ i~lhe e(O(e~5 of one P\(,\.Y1t- +ertiIl2iY19 (A.f) IlrVdT) while H'Af-fJOd \(\~OVl 0 CUA.X-S \'~{/h c\.. f \(LV1+R rt) 11"2.{: J It st If.

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7. Calculating One fourth of the plants resulting from a certain crossare expected to show a trait controlled by a recessive allele. If 675plants resulting from the cross display a trait controlled b1yadominant allele, how many plants will show the trait controlled bythe recessive allele?1..15 p\C\.-Y\ij will ~''vI.OW·11r\-e.1YCL(-\ cofltn)I\~_d ioy1n~ 'fUe.5siv{ QII~1e.c::

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JJ. 8. Applying Concepts If one of the plants used in the Fl cross had II@ alleles and was combined with a plant with Tt alleles, would the trait

controlled by the recessive allele have been produced in the resultingF2 generation? Explain your answer.

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Teaching Resources/Chapter 11 131

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Name~_~ _ Class.,--,---~ -,-- Date _

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Section Review 11-3


Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.1. The principle of independent assortment states that genes for

different traits can Se 0 r.f 9Cl.+-.e independently duringthe formation of gametes.

2. Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits arecontrolled by vY\ \A I-h P \ Q elll.e. I f J or M U. \41 I?\ ~ q.e;n~.

Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the type of inheritance next to its description.a. incomplete dominanceb. codominancec. multiple allelesd. polygenic traits

'6 3. both alleles contribute to the phenotype of theorganism

__ ------'C=---- 4. more than two possible alleles for a trait exist in apopulation

D______ 5. traits controlled by two or more genes

__ ---<A----'--___ 6. one allele is not completely dominant over theother allele

PFJJ

FJ FJ tJ fj

FJ rFJj ffJj FfJJ FSJj

Pj FFJj Ffjj fJJj ~:f-jjFJ FFJJ Ff]"j l=tJ'} PfJjfJ fFJj f'Flj f-fJj ffSja

Reviewing Key Skills

7. Applying Concepts A geneticist crosses two plants with thegenotypes FfJj and FFJj. Draw the Punnet square for this cross on l'separate sheet of paper. -- --'

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"":;; 8. Comparing and Contrasting What is the difference between a~ heterozygous phenotype produced by incomplete dominance and a

. ~ heterozygous phenotype produced by codominance?\n 1,,!()~P\e.+t otO(YI'lh(!(\..C(?) 1}1e h-t.·k,yo-ZY~Ol,tJ rhenO!ljpe i5 50meV\;\'H1It it" loeoo.etv)

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'"'-'~ 9. Applying Concepts Do polygenic traits or single-gene traits have~ more variation in the phenotypes they produce? Explain your:;:; answer.

po \I~Ut-n I C ill\)' 1':S Vt.G\-.Vt- YVl0re . V0vY1 C.vt(DI\ \ l'\ ~ n tl1 O=Np-e-s \?~CClM.J-€ ciiffertr1+v U I ('~ -r-L., rI cA 1 f-f" ce VI 1-CJl(Y\b\Y~a:tlOns of- CfL\,\e {:j t'vr"\eJ~ <j-e,ne..s rrOlAVlU (Vt(,L;n!.j 1'-'~

~~~~o~p=~~. _10. Inferring Why did Morgan choose fruit flies for his genetic studies?

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U Teaching Resources/Chapter 11 133

Name _ Class _ Date _

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Section Review 11-2


Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.1. What is probability and how is it used in genetics?

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2. How are Punnett squares used in genetics?pU-I'\ V\ .QA' ~ (\ Ll QrY ~ j 0.:( e. LLSt- c\-tD pf ~d Ic.+ CMcA (t'M e Cl (e 1hQ. e t'- V1 e:t1 c ~C,)( I cch Of' SK\r\0'-'\- \J\.l\ \ I {"e J v\l -+ -frO (y, 0... C ros.s.


3. Problem Solving If a heterozygous plant for seed color (Rr) is crossedwith a homozygous recessive plant (rr), what is the probability of eachseed color being produced? Explain your answer using a Punnettsquare.

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4. Comparing and Contrasting How are homozygous andheterozygous genotypes for a particular trait in plants different?Give an example of a genotype for each.

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n r V- f (,\..ft) cUA CI..JY"" '11Cvi+ I Tt ,

5. Applying Concepts How can two plants that have differentgenotypes have the same phenotype?

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Interpreting Graphics For questions 6 to 9, fill in the genotype andpercentage expected on the lines provided.

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Tt

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t 8. Tt 9. +t132 Teaching Resources / Chapter 11

Name _ Class _ Date _

Chapter 11. Introduction to Genetics. . ~ \ ~ection Review 11-4


Identifying Processes On the lines provided, order the different stages ofmeiosis I and meiosis II in the proper sequence.

1. Chromosomes line up in the center of the celL2. Spindle fibers pull apart homologous chromosomes.

3. Four haploid (N) daughter cells form.

4. Cells undergo a round of DNA replication.5. Sister chromatids separate from each other.6. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads.7. Two haploid (N) daughter cells form.8. Spindle fibers attach to the homologous

chromosome pairs.q 9. Individual chromatids move to each end of the cell.

_____ 3"--- 10. Crossing-over (if any) occurs.

I

10

Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.I 11. Compare the number of cells that result from meiosis and mitosis.,A;td-v5rJ' proclUlQ.5 ·-iv\.lo C.e.IJj . MeiOSiS erocllA.( es 4 (e,n s,

12. How does the genetic content of cells resulting from mitosis andmeiosis differ? ct::~ ~~~~:\:.~\::;~E~4tr~~~J


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134 Teaching Resources IChapter 11

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I

Chapter 14 The Human Genome Section Review 14-1


Short Answer On the lines provided, answer thefollowing questions.1. What combination f sex chromosoms produces a human female?

2. What combination f sex chromosomes produces a human male?

X 'i ~ V'Y\cL,LQ --- V\AJ\fV\£t'l A..)

3. Which kind of cell de.termines the sex of a child? .L,.' f.' -~ ~~~ '~~~\Nu. 204

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Interpreting Graphics Use the pedigree chart below to answer thefollowing questions:J1i z: Maltz to/

(fA:; Je VV4vU wJ/J~ c. I~ //Jloo~fvUJi wiD

7. Which member(s) of the fami

--Jev~'

Teaching Resources IChapter 14 173

Nmne _ Class _ Date _

Chapter 14 The Human Genome Section Review 14-2


Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.

1. Wh~t is a se~-linked disorder? , XUh/!,£A ~ Dc \ d..~k-b~ r~~<'.-~

2. Under what conditio is a single recessive all expressed ill a male?. .A, \~ '"vvl-- ~ 'tk.. c.).;voV'--

Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.5. \Lb....\'f.,\ k;-. '-5 occurs when.a male inherits an extra X chromosome.

6. \>b\,..)VI.~.,~lAd~ -- occurs when there is a trisomy of chromosome 21.

7. -rur~ ~ ~~4.e.-occurs when a woman inherits only one X chromosome.


8. Drawing Conclusions Why could you conclude that the Xchromosome is essential for the development of a human embryo,but the Y chromosome is not?Au k"j\M-~v'-S ht\-vlV o,{ \g,Cl4J-t'" Dv£.. X I$ON--- xf, Sv~ @

X'6./ I SD.~ X.K\j e-tz, hLc-kv\lYLCLM.s tl\£&lA. U-: ~

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9. Inferring If you know that a woman has h.emophilia, ~at can you 10 b o~ctj bLV \d l~.

infer about her parents' genot es? . i:.. _Uc.~ s., -g JDe.r ~ v~ kt(t . 2 s .

01\.. ~ ~ So . 0 f c.Af'n--eLJ i. {X./t.fA{),'",e ail1-h. C1'\v :-r . S ~. 1- ~ArZ cJ1m ~

10. Calculati' A man and woman with normal vision decide to have 1;- ~ kvWf~ t I~ ~

children. The woman's father is colorblind. What is the chance that ~t~ei7 daughters and sons will be col~ln;.d?-r ~~, ~~r

t~ .V\.~~c ~Sw '~OV/~-ck 'X~

174 -G~C \' J-ad-- _ TeachingResources/Chapter 14

Name _ Class _ Date ,.-- _

Chapter 14 ,The Human Genome Chapter Vocabulary Review

Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences with oneof the following terms:

autosomes karyotype pedigree nondisjunction sex chromosomes

1. Apicture of chromosomes arranged in pairs is an example of a (an)~~ ~j)e./ .

2. The X and Chromo~omesare called the Xl\) Ghr-DJV\.D,JJ)\~

3. The 44 chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination arethe known as the CL,-,;+O S-oV\f'.-.R....D .

4. The chart below, showing how a trait is passed from one generationto the next in a family, is called a (an) ~() r--€-R-- .

DeafMale •

Female.

Hearing

oo

, tiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that bestetes the sentence or answers the question.

6. Genes located on jfer Ychromosomes are calleda. sex organs. c. a pedigree.

b. autosomes. ~eX-link57. One example of a sex-linked disorder ~

a. sickle cell disease. c. Down syndrome.

Cb. he~op~ d. Tay-Sachsdisease.8. Nondisjunction results in a(an)

a. inactivated chromos6me:-~~. normal number of genes.(0bno~ber of chm~ normal number of chromosomes.

176 Teaching Resources IChapter 14

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9. What happens when nondis'unction occurs?a. Cnromosomes fail to separate.

---.",-----'b. Chromosomes separate normally.c. Sections of chromosomes are deleted.d. Sections of chromosomes become inverted.

10. How is DNA fin er rinting commonl used?

a. ·0 convict criminals or overturn convictions

b. to sequence all human DNA

c. to rapidly sequence DNA with computersr-. d. to identify and locate human genes

~ 11. DNA samples for human DNA fingerprinting can be obtained froma. sperm. c. hair with attached tissue.

b.blood. ~

Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.12. What type of picture would a biologist look at to determine whether

a fetus has Down syndrome?• . <1\ c)--.r VLO~

15. What type of chart would help a genetic counselor track the passageof a trait through the generations of a family? \

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r IV

Teaching Resources IChapter 14 177

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Genetics Text Review ch 11.14 KEY