Genetics Test Review

Chapter 11

Match the Scientists

• 1. Mendel A. recombination

• 2. Morgan helps make map

• 3. Sturtevant B. alleles segregate

• C. some genes linked

Match the Scientists

• 1. Mendel B. alleles segregate

• 2. Morgan C. genes linked

3. Sturtevant A. recombination

• helps make map

4. What is fertilization?

• Process of sexual reproduction

• Joining egg + sperm

• Joining egg and pollen

What is true-breeding and hybrid?• 5. True-breeding = E. offspring are

identical to parents

• 6. Hybrid = D. offspring are of parents of different traits

7. Genes are____:

• F. the location on a chromosome for a trait

PUNNETT PRACTICE

• p.3 Dihybrid Cross

• What are the parental genotypes?

• Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse

• Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse

PUNNETT PRACTICE

• p.3 Dihybrid Cross

• What are the parental genotypes?

• Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse RrBb

• Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse RRBB

PUNNETT PRACTICE

• Dihybrid Cross• How many boxes to you

need for a dihybrid cross?

• ANSWER:• 16

PUNNETT PRACTICE

• Show how you would place the parental alleles on each side of the Punnett Squares:

RB Rb rB rb

RB

RB

RB

RB

NOW FILL IN THE BOXES AND

• WHAT IS THE PHENOTYPIC RATIO?

100% running black

RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb

RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb

RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb

RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb

RB Rb rB rb

RB

RB

RB

RB

8. Gametes are:

• A. body cells

• B. sex cells

• C. somatic cells

• D. skin cells

• ANSWER: sex cells B

9. The likelihood that a particular event will occur is:

• A. hybrid

• B. offspring

• C. probability

• D. recombination

• ANSWER: C probability

10. The wild type is…

• A. dominant trait

• B. recessive trait

• C. most common trait

• ANSWER: C

11. homologous

• D. male + corresponding female set of chromosomes

GO TO PUNNETT PRACTICE

• On your dry erase board.

• Do #4 on page 2.

• Cross two plants that are heterozygous for green pods.

#4 Answer

Gg

Gg gg

G g

G

g

GG

Genotypic ratio: GG:Gg:gg

1: 2: 1

Phenotypic ratio:

Green:yellow

3:1

12. Haploid and 13. Diploid

• 13. C. one set of chromosomes N in humans 23

14. B. two sets of homologous chromosomes

2N in humans 46

14. What is a tetrad?

• A. 4 homologous chromosomes

MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAITS IN CHICKENS

• Question #1:On the cross pictured, what must be the genotypes of the two parents for the outcome to always be a buttercup offspring?

• ANSWER:

• rrPP X RRpp

Did you set it up right?

RP Rp rP rp

RP

rP

rp

Rp

9:3:3:1

RRPP RRPp RrPP RrPp

RRPp RRpp RrPp Rrpp

RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp

RrPp Rrpp rrPp rrpp

RP Rp rP rp

RP

rP

rp

Rp

15. Crossing-over

• F. homologous chromosomes exchange segments

16. What is a chiasma?

• A. when 4 chromosomes come together• B. when a cell divides into 4 cells• C. when a cell splits• D. making poopie• E. is the point of crossing over of the two

inner homologous chromosomes

• ANSWER: E

17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis

• Mitosis:• starts with 2N parent• Daughter cells are 2N• Daughter cells identical• Makes somatic cells• Ends with 2 cells• 1 division

17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis

• Meiosis:• starts with 2N parent• Daughter cells are N• Daughter cells different• Makes sex cells• Ends with 4 cells• 2 divisions

18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt?

• Cross it with tt

• (a test cross)

T T

T t

t

t

t

t

18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt?

• Cross it with ttTt tt

Tt tt

Tt Tt

Tt Tt

T T

T t

t

t

t

t

19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy

Y=yellow y=blueS=square s=round

19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy

Y=yellow y=blueS=square s=round

19. SsYy X ssYy

SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy

SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy

SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy

SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy

SY Sy sY sy

sY

sy

sY

sy

19. SsYy X ssYy

SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy

SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy

SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy

SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy

SY Sy sY sy

sY

sy

sY

sy

6 square yellow 6 round yellow2 square blue 2 round blue

SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy

SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy

SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy

SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy

SY Sy sY sy

sY

sy

sY

sy

20. Flower Parts

EXTRA: Male Flower Parts?

• Stamen pistil stigma anther

• ANSWER: stamen anther

21. Hetero or Homo zygous

• _____HH _____hh _____Hh

• ANSWER:

• Homozygous Heterozygous

• HH hh Hh

EXTRA: Recessive?

• T t H h

• ANSWER: t h

EXTRA: Dominant?

• T t H h

• ANSWER: T H

CHECK YOUR SKILLS: Go to Punnett Practice #7

• Genotypic Ratio?

• Phenotypic Ratio?

Nn x nn

• N n

n

n

Nn nn

Nn nn

Genotypic:

Nn:nn

2 : 2

Phenotypic

Smooth;const.

2 : 2

CHECK YOUR SKILLS: BbFf x bbff

• How many boxes do you need?16

• How do you separate each parent?BF Bf bF bf

• bf bf bf bf

BF Bf bF bf

BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff

BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff

BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff

BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff

bf

bf

bf

bf

• Genotypic Ratio

• BbFf : Bbff : bbFf : bbff

• 4 4 4 4

• Phenotypic Ratio

• Black fat : black thin : white fat : white thin

• 4 4 4 4

CHECK YOUR SKILLS: RR x RW incomplete dominance

• R R

R

W

CHECK YOUR ANSWER: RR x RW incomplete dominance

• R R

R

W

RR RR

RW RW

Genotypic

RR : RW

2 2

Phenotypic

Red : Pink

2 2

#22

• Black rooster and white chicken form black and white spotted chicks

• ANSWER: codominance

#23

• The color of the skin is determined by six different locations on genes

• ANSWER: polygenic trait

#24

• A red flower is crossed with a white flower to make pink offspring.

• ANSWER: incomplete dominance

#25

• TT x WW = TW offspring

• ANSWER: codominance

#26

• Eye color alternatives include blue, brown, green, black

• ANSWER: multiple alleles

#27

• A black rabbit crossed with a white rabbit produced a gray rabbit

• ANSWER: incomplete dominance

#29

• ANSWER: The higher the crossover frequency, the farther apart are the genes.

#28

• The greater the number of recombination frequencies (crossovers), then the _____ the genes are to each other.

• ANSWER: farther apart

#29

• Red, hair freckles, and fair skin seem to be inherited together. They must be on _____ genes.

• ANSWER: linked

#30

• The location on a chromosome is referred to as the:

• ANSWER: locus gene

Back of chicken worksheet:

•Do questions #1 and #2

• Incomplete dominance = the offspring show trait in-between the two dominant traits (like black and white have gray offspring)

• Codominance = both dominant traits will appear like black and white will have spotted black-white offspring

• Genotype for black chickens BB

• Genotype for white chickens WW

• Genotype for erminette BW

#31

• What is the difference between a trait and an allele?

• TRAIT: general description EX; eye color, height

ALLELE: alternative choices EX: blue and green, and tall-short

A-B = 29% B-C=11% B-D=4%A-D = 21 %

ADD: A-C =18% C-D = 3%

What is the order of these genes?

• ANSWER: A C D B

32. Names of the phases in meiosis:

32. Names of the phases in meiosis:

Anaphase IAnaphase II

Prophase I

Metaphase IMetaphase II

Prophase II Telophase II

Telophase I

#33 Structures of Prophase I

Go to Back and do “Polygenic Inheritance” Worksheet

• Human Skin Shades

• Mulatto denotes a person with one white parent and one black parent, or more broadly, a person of mixed black and white ancestry. May also include Native American and other backgrounds.

KNOW YOUR MATCHING

• Numbers of descriptions of offspring • phenotypic ratio

• Numbers of letters of offspring , TT, Tt, tt• genotypic ratio

• Trait that is expressed even if other trait is present

• dominant

32. MATCHING (cont.)

• Trait that is only expressed if the dominant trait is not present

• recessive

• Alternative choices of a trait

• alleles

32. MATCHING (cont)

• General description of a gene• trait

• Plant’s pollen fertilizes the same plant• self-pollination

• Plant’s pollen fertilizes a different plant• cross-pollination

Can You Identify?

locus

Compare egg and sperm:

• Egg forms one large egg and three smaller polar bodies

• Sperm form all the same size and shape

What is the purpose of the Punnett Square?

• A. show the exact offspring

• B. show only dominant offspring

• C. predict the probability from a cross

• D. predict who will win the sperm lotto

• ANSWER: C

Independent Assortment and Crossing Over

• Independent Assortment randomly segregates the alleles.

• Crossing-over breaks and reattaches chromosomes to make new gene arrangements.

• BOTH INCREASE DIVERSITY

ESSAYS?

• Punnett Squares

• Monohybrid Cross

• Codominant or Incomplete Dominant

• Dihybrid Cross

Be able to write a genotypic and phenotypic ratio.