Genetics Review Genetics Review GameGame

Mitosis, Meiosis, Genetics

Mitosis, Meiosis, Genetics

Problems and Chi-Square!

Problems and Chi-Square!

Cell Cycle

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Linked GenesChi-Square

BeyondMendel

MendelianProblems

Mitosis Vs. Meiosis

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For a newly evolving organism, what would be the advantage of using sexual reproduction rather

than asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction would allow for new genetic

combinations of offspring. This gives the organism a chance to

adapt to its environment.

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?

a. The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.b. The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.c. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.d. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.e. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA.

.A

d. The daughter cells have the same number of

chromosomes and the same amount of DNA

Besides the ability of some cancer cells to reproduce more rapidly, what else could logically result in a tumor?

A

A malfunction of apoptosis

If cyclin was always available in the cell at high concentrations, what effect would this have on the cell cycle?

A

Cells would progress through mitosis even when they were not

ready

A

Which protein is synthesized at a constant rate during the cell cycle that associates with a kinase to form a catalytically active complex?

cyclin

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at the start of meiosis would be

A

2x

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 8?a. The species is diploid with 16 chromosomes per cell.b. The species has 8 sets of chromosomes per cell.c. Each cell has 4 homologous pairs.d. During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 16 separate chromosomes.e.A gamete from this species has 2 chromosomes.

A

c. Each cell has 4 homologous pairs

Homologous Chromosomes are separated from each other.

a. The statement is true for mitosis only.b. The statement is true for meiosis I only.c. The statement is true for meiosis II only.d. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.e. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.

A

b. The statement is true for meiosis I only

At which stage of meiosis (I or II) does the cell go

from a diploid to a haploid cell?

A

Meiosis I

At which stages of mitosis and meiosis are sister chromatids are separated from each other?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis II

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. This suggests

a. that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits.b. incomplete dominance.c. that a blending of traits has occurred.d. that the parents were both heterozygous.e. that each offspring has the same alleles.

A

d. that the parents were both heterozygous

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 1:1 ratio for a particular trait. This suggests

a. that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits.b. incomplete dominance.c. that a blending of traits has occurred.d. That one parent was heterozygous and one parent was homozygous recessive.e. that each offspring has the same alleles.

A

d. That one parent was heterozygous and one parent was homozygous recessive

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring that all showed a single trait

a. that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits.b. incomplete dominance.c. that a blending of traits has occurred.d. That one parent was heterozygous and one parent was homozygous recessive.e. that each offspring has the same alleles.

A

a. that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits.

A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?

a. HTb. Hhc. HhTtd. Te. tt

A

a. HT

Two true-breeding stocks of pea plants are crossed. One parent has red, axial flowers and the other has white, terminal flowers; all individuals have red, axial flowers. The genes for flower color and location assort independently. If 1,000 offspring resulted from the cross, approximately how many of them would you expect to have red, terminal flowers?

A

3/16 x 1000 = 187.5

A 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in the generation of a monohybrid cross is a sign of

a. complete dominance.b. multiple alleles.c. incomplete dominance.d. polygenic inheritance.e. pleiotropy.

A

c. incomplete dominance.

What is Epistasis?

A

When 1 gene locus alters the expression of a second locus.

What is polygenic Inheritance?

A

Several genes govern the inheritance of the trait.

If you’re type A blood, what combinations of alleles can you

have?

Type AB blood?

A

Type A: IA IA or IAi

Type AB: IAIB

Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females

because

A

Males only have 1 copy of the X chromosome

Gene A-B have a recombination frequency of 25%

Gene A-C have a recombination frequency of 35%

Which gene is further from gene A on the chromosome, gene B or Gene C?

A

Gene C is further from gene A

What would you expect to see in the phenotypic ratios of

offspring between a parent AaBb x aabb

If gene A and gene B are on the same chromosome?

A

The parental phenotypes would show a higher proportion than the recombinant phenotypes

Can you tell if genes are linked if they have over a 50%

recombination frequency?

A

No, if they had a 50% recombination frequency, the

phenotypic ratios of the offspring would be the same as if the genes were on separate

chromosomes

If the Chi-Square value you calculate is LOWER than the

critical value at 0.05, what does this tell you?

A

Accept the null hypothesis. Any differences between your observed value and your

expected value is likely due to random chance

If the Chi-Square value you calculate is HIGHER than the

critical value at 0.05, what does this tell you?

A

Reject the null hypothesis. Any differences between your observed value and your

expected value is likely NOT due to random chance