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Genetics of Tomato Rootstock Breeding: genetic distance, heritability, vigor, resistance
and selection strategy
Sean Fenstemaker, Nancy Huarachi Morejon, Mohammed Masud, Matt Kleinhenz, Stephanie Wedryk and David Francis
The Ohio State UniversityFrank Louws
NC State University
Mohammed MasudNancy Huarachi Morejon
1. Evaluate the role of rootstock (RS) in increasing scion vigor
2. Test the hypothesis that genetic distance (GD) between parents of a hybrid RS would predict vigor, greater GD will translate into greater vigor
3. Inbred parental lines as female parents (S. lycopersicum), and accessions of wild species as male parents (S. arcanum, S. chilense, S. corneliomulleri, S. habrochaites, S. pennellii, S. peruvianum, and S. pimpinellifolium)
Goals of Mohammed’s work
Rootstock hybrid seed production
Most commercial tomato rootstocks are hybrids derived from wide-crossesCommon issues with wide-crosses include:
seed yielduniform germination“compatibility”
Matrix of Genetic Distances: Can we predict performance?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Average = 0 0.6991 0.4331 0.4576 0.4826 0.522 1.731 1.6864 2.0365 1.2162 2.5706
Stdev = 0 0.0432 0.0381 0.033 0.0286 0.0229 0.2559 0.2475 0.3141 0.1569 0.4137
Average = 0 0.5494 0.624 0.5625 0.5678 2.2393 1.6495 2.4922 1.2645 2.2282
Stdev = 0 0.0217 0.0288 0.0218 0.0224 0.3524 0.2404 0.4 0.1665 0.35
Average = 0 0.1634 0.2413 0.3308 2.0374 1.5396 2.2282 1.5916 2.0595
Stdev = 0 0.1122 0.0889 0.064 0.3143 0.2186 0.3501 0.2339 0.3183
Average = 0 0.3866 0.4239 2.0251 1.5276 2.2167 1.856 1.8697
Stdev = 0 0.0494 0.0403 0.3122 0.2163 0.348 0.283 0.2825
Average = 0 0.3069 2.2645 1.6796 2.0268 1.2162 2.2888
Stdev = 0 0.0705 0.3566 0.246 0.3123 0.1569 0.3611
FG01-5013 Average = 0 2.0128 1.7836 1.8171 1.5614 2.0349
Stdev = 0 0.3099 0.2664 0.2727 0.2263 0.314
Average = 0 1.2257 1.1706 2.9456 1.1113
Stdev = 0 0.1547 0.143 0.4873 0.1341
Average = 0 0.542 2.4608 0.7062
Stdev = 0 0.0221 0.3936 0.0413
Average = 0 2.0251 0.5511
Stdev = 0 0.312 0.0221
Average = 0 2.0496
Stdev = 0 0.3164
Average = 0
Stdev = 0
*Each cell represents a hybrids genetic distance
Multi-location Field Trials
Close up of root stock selection showing the training system, cleft graft and high
quality of transplant color and growth; 7 days after transplanting, Willow Springs, NC.
Hilltop Farms, Willow Springs NC
Wooster, OH
Wooster OH
Wooster OH
1) GD is positively correlated with scion growth.
2) GD is negatively correlated with seed size and %
germination.
P= 0.023; r2 = 0.24
Results:
SGH07-313, SGH07-314, SGH07-316, SGH07-319, and
SGH07-320 were top performers.
Rootstock MN NC OH MN rank NC rank OH rank Comment
SGH07-303 30.04 99.97 32.11 2 8 2 poor germ
SGH07-319 28.06 110.85 27.32 3 3 6
SGH07-316 25.40 119.21 28.32 7 1 5 poor % graft
SGH07-305 25.28 108.46 29.09 8 6 4 poor germ
SGH07-315 33.80 97.09 24.73 1 11 8
BEAUFORT 20.90 110.17 25.94 13 4 7
SGH07-320 22.40 96.03 31.05 10 12 3
SGH07-326 16.20 102.51 34.89 17 7 1 poor % graft
SGH07-313 25.59 98.40 23.84 6 10 11
UNGRFTCELEB 23.50 109.62 21.04 9 5 13
SGH07-336 15.64 111.75 23.41 18 2 12 OH x FL
MAXIFORT 19.55 99.78 24.09 14 9 10 high suckers
SGH07-314 25.77 94.13 19.89 5 14 16 sml seed, high suckers
SGH07-323 26.69 90.99 17.19 4 17 17
SGH07-327 18.26 95.24 24.59 16 13 9
SELFGRFTCELEB 21.63 91.97 20.66 12 15 14
SGH07-333 22.19 91.54 13.77 11 16 18
SGH07-332 18.82 90.70 20.52 15 18 15
Genetic distance does predict scion vigor (though not yield), seed size and seed germination.
Take Home
High Tunnel trial w/ scion ‘Cherokee Purple’
OH-314 un-grafted
• Grafting does not always significantly improve field performance (in the open field). *Exceptions
–When soil-born disease may limit production–When scion is an heirloom or otherwise weak–When season extension techniques are used
Conclusions
Can genetic selection improve rootstock seed quality?
Crosses
Germination
Grafting
Field evaluation
Nancy’s goal: Identify selection points in rootstock breeding
Female and male parents for hybrid seed production
Tuesday, June 05, 2018Can genetic selection improve rootstock
seed quality?20
Experimental design
Randomized Complete Block Design with 40 crosses
10 female plants
4 male plants
2 experiments (Winter-spring; Summer-Autumn)
2 blocks/experiment
Can genetic selection improve rootstock seed quality?
21
Results
Tuesday, June 05, 2018Can genetic selection improve rootstock
seed quality?22
Genetic, Environment, Interaction
Results
Tuesday, June 05, 2018Can genetic selection improve rootstock
seed quality?23
P = 0.018
R2 = 0.24 Selection
Results
Crosses
Germination
Grafting
Field evaluation
Selection points in rootstock breeding
Fruit set, seed number and quality
% SuccessIncompatibility
Selection point traits are heritable and positive variation exists
Percentage and rate
Performance
Take Home
• Selection points include fruit set, seed number, seed size, seed germination, grafting success, and performance when grafted.
Acknowledgements
• OREI
• SCRI
• Partners: Frank Louws and Matt Kleinhenz