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genetics notes website.notebook 1 December 06, 2017

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Page 1: genetics notes website.notebook - msippolito.weebly.commsippolito.weebly.com/.../genetics_notes_website.pdf · genetics notes website.notebook 2 December 06, 2017 Genetics Chromosomes

genetics notes website.notebook

1

December 06, 2017

Page 2: genetics notes website.notebook - msippolito.weebly.commsippolito.weebly.com/.../genetics_notes_website.pdf · genetics notes website.notebook 2 December 06, 2017 Genetics Chromosomes

genetics notes website.notebook

2

December 06, 2017

Genetics 

Chromosomes 

Genetic abnormalities

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited traits.

Found in nucleus of the cell, inherited from parents which carry genes and DNA that determine heredity.

Organized picture of chromosomes with their homologous pair. 

Karyotype

Page 3: genetics notes website.notebook - msippolito.weebly.commsippolito.weebly.com/.../genetics_notes_website.pdf · genetics notes website.notebook 2 December 06, 2017 Genetics Chromosomes

genetics notes website.notebook

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Genes: A segment of DNA occupying a specific place on a chromosone. Genome = gene sequence.

DNA: Is the genetic material determining the make up of all living things.

Nucleotide: A strand of DNA

Nitrogen bases:  1 nucleotide:

Page 4: genetics notes website.notebook - msippolito.weebly.commsippolito.weebly.com/.../genetics_notes_website.pdf · genetics notes website.notebook 2 December 06, 2017 Genetics Chromosomes

genetics notes website.notebook

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RNA: A single strand of nucleotides which takes DNA out of the nucleus.

DNA RNA2 strands of nucleotides 1 strand of nucleotide

stays in nucleus leaves nucleushas thymine has uracil

2 sugars ­ deoxyribose 1 sugar ­ ribose

Types of RNAMessenger RNA Transfer RNA

mRNA tRNAtransports copied DNA 

to ribosomestransports anticodons 

to ribosomes codons anti­codons

translation: translating the sequence of mRNA to produce a specific sequence of AA 

transcription: Process by which DNA is copied and mRNA is created.

Page 5: genetics notes website.notebook - msippolito.weebly.commsippolito.weebly.com/.../genetics_notes_website.pdf · genetics notes website.notebook 2 December 06, 2017 Genetics Chromosomes

genetics notes website.notebook

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Ribosomes: Found in cytoplasm of the cell and the area where protein synthesis occurs.

Proteins: Are produced by combining amino acids together. Proteins will code for traits, enzymes, blood types etc. The protein produced depends on the DNA a person inherited.

Amino Acids: Building blocks of protein. There are 20 amino acids produced from the 64 codons which exist. 

protein chain

Page 6: genetics notes website.notebook - msippolito.weebly.commsippolito.weebly.com/.../genetics_notes_website.pdf · genetics notes website.notebook 2 December 06, 2017 Genetics Chromosomes

genetics notes website.notebook

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December 06, 2017

   TACGGGGGAGGGCAGAGAATT

As little as 100 to 600 amino acids will produce a protein.

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genetics notes website.notebook

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Mutations• Errors in genetic codes­ made during replication of DNA).

• Errors may be good, irrelevant or bad.

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Past Exam Questions1.DNA is the molecule that allows us to code all genetic characteristics. During protein synthesis, new molecules are formed to facilitate this process. A strand of DNA is shown below.

AGC TAC CTG GAA GTT CCT

Which strand of mRNA below, corresponds to the strand of DNA above?

A)  UCG AUG GAC CUU CAA GGAB)  TCG ATG GAC CTT CAA GGAC) UCT AUT TAC CUU CAA TTAD)  TCG UTG GUC CTT CUU GGU