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Genetics
Examples in real life
Terms to know:
Passing of from one generation to the next.
Inherited forms of a characteristic.
Examples: Flower color,
Eye color, hair color, etc.
All must have at least
2 .
One from each parent.
Brown hair
Blonde hair
Blue eyes
Green eyes
Remember: 2 genes for each TRAIT
Brown hair
(brown allele)
Blonde hair
(blonde allele)
Different forms of each gene
Sometimes one gene overpowers the other.
-Gene overpowers the recessive gene
-Always shows up if present
-Gene designated by captial letter
- Ex: D
-gene that gets overpowered
-Only shows up if 2 recessive genes are present
- gene designated by lower case letter
-Ex: d
-the genes of a pair are different
-Ex: Dd
-the genes of a pair are the same
-Ex: DD or dd
The actual gene combinationEx: DD Dd dd
The physical appearance
Ex: Black Black Red
This knowledge can be used to manage or
predict physical outcomes.
Use a Punnet Square
Example:
Tongue rolling is dominant (T)
No tongue rolling is recessive (t)
Cross 2 heterozygous people: TtT
T
t
t
TT Tt
Tt tt
Genotype
# of homozygous rollers
# of heterozygous rollers
# of homozygous non rollers
1
2
1
T
T
t
t
TT
Tt
Tt
tt
Phenotype
# of rollers
# of non rollers
3
1
TT
Tt
Tt
tt
Review• Dominant overpowers Recessive • Homozygous - PP pp• Heterozygous – Pp• Genotype – the genes• Phenotype - appearance