Genetics

DNA is found in the nucleus!

DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid

Structure of DNA

Double-Helix shape (Spiral Ladder)

The sides are made of sugar (deoxyribose)

“-ose” means sugar

The rungs are made of 4 different kinds of nitrogen bases.

A bonds with TG bonds with C

What matches with…

AAATTTGGGCCC?

What matches with…

AAATTTGGGCCCTTTAAACCCGGG

James Watson and Francis Crick

• Two scientists credited for discovering DNA

The helix shape was actually discovered by a woman,

Rosalind Franklin.

Chromosome

Is coiled up DNA

Like coiled up yarn

Chromosome

AAATTTGGGCCC

TTTAAACCCGGG

DNA Strand

Chromosome

ChromosomesCome in pairs!

Chromosome

Pair

DadMom

Why Pairs?

23 Kinds of Chromosomes

23 pairs of Chromosomes

46 Chromosomes total

True or False: Chromosomes in every nucleus in the body are identical.

True!Eachnucleushasanidenticalsetofchromosomes.

Smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

Central Organelle Coiled DNA

Carrier of genetic information

Individual bases that pair up to cause genes