Genetic VariationsPAGES 75-81

ACA DECA PRESENTATION

Genetic Variations among Humans/Transgenic and Genetically Modified

Organism

• HGP sequences samples of the human genome

• Humans share 99.9 of their nucleotides. The .01 difference is what gives us our individuality. Half of it from our mom and half from our dad

• Its what forensics use to identify people just by that .1

• Genetic modifications of multicellular organisms

• The gene can be transferred in the way of microinjection, retrovirus, or transferring embryonic stem cells

• Humans have been trying to modify other species for a long time.

• Not just with animals or humans, but also plants to increase agricultural production

EPIGENETICS

• Can genes be influenced by the environment?

• Chemicals that can modify genes are everywhere in our life

• Food, medicine, pollutants

• The chemicals can mostly influence in two ways

• DNA methylation

• Histone modification

1. DNA methylation

• involves the addition of a methyl group(CH3) to the back bone (phosphate-sugar)

• May interferes with protein

1. This is very bad

2. Histone

• Basic protein that wraps around and packages the DNA into chromosomes

• Bind tight or too loose

• Covers up and turns off or exposes and turns on

The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of the HGP

• The fair use of genetic information to prevent misinterpretation and misuse of patients’ genome information

• The diagnosis and treatment of diseases Ethical• The protection of using the information to deny employment or health insurance

• The diagnosis and treatment of diseaseLegal• The use of pre-implantation and prenatal genomic diagnosis and other genomics-based reproductive technologies

• The fair distribution of benefits derived from the genome research

Social

What happens next??

Questions?