Generational Differences and Possible Impact on Experiential Education ...€¦ · Challenger disaster Operation Desert Storm LA Riots/Rodney King The Millennials ! Gen Y, Generation

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Generational Differences and Possible Impact on Experiential Education In Pharmacy

T. Lynn Stevenson, PharmD, BCPS Director of Experiential Learning Associate Clinical Professor of Pharmacy Practice Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy

Objectives

�  Describe general differences in the last 6 generations

�  Discuss how these differences can impact learning styles

�  Relate differences in learning styles to experiential education in pharmacy

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Audience Poll

�  In which age group do you belong? ◦  15-33 years of age ◦  34-49 years of age ◦  50-68 years of age ◦  69-89 years of age ◦ >89 years of age

Generational Archetypes

Artist (Traditionalists, Homelanders)

Prophet (Baby Boomers)

Nomad (Gen X)

Hero (GI, Millennials)

Strauss W, Howe N. Generations. The History of America’s Future, 1584-2069. William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York, NY: 1991.

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Currently 4 generations share workplaces and training sites.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Z5DLEPjUa_Y/TtHPNKbM1KI/AAAAAAAAAEI/CZPLm7REmAk/s1600/gen+differences.jpg

http://www.utahbusiness.com/app/webroot//files/media/generations_feature.jpg

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A Generation

� 20 years � Members share ◦  Beliefs/values ◦ Characteristics and attitudes ◦ Historical commonality

� Generation gap ◦ Years separating one generation from another ◦  Lack of understanding or communication

between people of different generations

Pew Survey-2009

79% of public said there is a generational gap ◦  “a major difference in the point of view of

younger people and older people today.” http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2009/08/12/ii-generations-apart-and-together/

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Audience Poll

Have you ever felt there is a generation gap between you and your students?

◦ Yes ◦ No ◦ Unsure

Generations �  GIs ◦  1900-1924 (90+ yoa)

�  Traditionalists/Matures ◦  1925-1945 (69-89 yoa)

�  Baby boomers ◦  1946-1964 (50-68 yoa)

�  Generation X ◦  1965-1980 (34-49 yoa)

�  Millennials or Generation Y ◦  1981and late 1990’s (15-33 yoa)

�  Homelanders ◦  2000-present (14 yoa and younger)

Source: The Center for Generational Studies. Available at http://www.gentrends.com/faq.html#DefiningtheGenerations

http://comerecommended.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/lcm4gen_placeholider.jpg

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GI

�  “The Greatest Generation” � WWI/WWII � Great Depression � Prohibition/organized crime � Community/Civic-minded � Team-oriented

Traditionalists

� Loyal � Hard-working � Managers think, employees work � Good mentors � Lived with limited means �  Financially conservative � Approaching retirement or retired

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Influential Events

� Traditionalists ◦  Stock market crash/Great Depression ◦  FDR/The New Deal ◦  Pearl Harbor/WW II ◦ D-Day at Normandy ◦ Korean War ◦ GI bill

Baby Boomers

� Competitive, challenging � Workaholics � Live to work � May have/had several jobs � Varied experiences � Politically savvy

http://www.backpocketcoo.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Baby-Boomers.jpg

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Influential Events

� Baby Boomers ◦ Television ◦ Civil Rights Movement ◦ Assassinations of JFK, RK & MLK, Jr ◦ The Beatles, Woodstock, Rock and Roll ◦  First moon exploration ◦ Vietnam War/antiwar protests ◦  Sexual revolution

Generation X �  Skeptical �  Focused on self at work � Autonomous, don’t want to be

micromanaged �  Jobs are temporary, stepping stones �  Seek balance between work and personal

life � Affected by divorce and single parents � Technologically savvy

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Influential Events � Gen X ◦  Soviet Union collapse ◦ Watergate ◦  Rising divorce rates/Women’s lib ◦ MTV and video games ◦  Personal computers/development of internet ◦  Economic turmoil of the 1970s/early 80s ◦  Corruption in corporate America ◦  Challenger disaster ◦ Operation Desert Storm ◦  LA Riots/Rodney King

The Millennials � Gen Y, Generation N, “Nintendo

generation”, “Nexters” � Grew up with hectic schedules �  “helicopter parents” � Connected-online, email, text messaging � Resilient, hard-working, optimistic, civic-

minded � Technologically skilled � Multicultural and ethnically diverse Cuellar LM, Ginsburg DB. (2009). Preceptor’s Handbook for Pharmacists. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

http://familyfirstpeds.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Helicopter-Parents.jpg

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The Millennials

� Optimistic � Not attached to organized politics or

religion � Linked by social media �  Significant debt � Distrustful of people �  In no hurry to marry

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/03/07/millennials-in-adulthood/

Influential Events

� Gen Y ◦  Internet era/technology ◦  9/11 ◦ Columbine/Oklahoma City bombing ◦ OJ’s acquittal ◦  President Clinton’s impeachment ◦ Cellphones/smartphones/ipods ◦ Natural disasters and violence ◦ War

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Generational stereotypes Traditionalists Baby Boomers Generation X Millennials

Respect authority Ambitious Risky Value change and diversity

Follow the rules Workaholics Personal and work life balance

Technologically savvy

Very practical Optimistic Skeptical Hopeful

Loyal, hardworking, patient

Cooperative, team player

Self-reliant Want work to be meaningful

Source: Patterson C. Generational diversity: Implications for consultation and teamwork. Paper presented at the meeting of the Council of Directors of School Psychology Programs on generational differences, Deerfield Beach, Fla. January 2005; available at http://www.apa.org/monitor/jun05/stereotypes.html

Homelanders

� Will be entering college within the next 5-10 years

� Post 9/11 �  First AA president � Ethnically diverse/Caucasians not racial

majority � Technology/social media � Non-traditional families

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Pharmacy School Statistics � 131 schools of pharmacy (January 2014) � 2012-2013 ◦  13,551 PharmD degrees awarded

� New enrollments 2012-2013 ◦  ~14,000

� Age range in 2007 ◦  17-60

http://www.aacp.org/resources/research/institutionalresearch/Documents/Fall_13_Introduction.pdf

http://www.aacp.org/RESOURCES/STUDENT/PHARMACYFORYOU/ADMISSIONS/Pages/default.aspx

TTUHSC SOP Student Body

� Average age for class entering 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

24 24 24 24.48 24.03

(19-46) (19-43) (19-47) (19-40) (18-53)

http://www.ttuhsc.edu/sop/prospective/studentstats.aspx

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http://www.pewresearch.org/quiz/how-millennial-are-you/results/

Pew Survey

�  Survey conducted in 2006; released January 2007

�  “A Portrait of Generation Next” � 1501 adults ◦  38.5% were ages 18-25

� 68% of Generation Nexters felt their generation was unique and distinct

Source: http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/300.pdf. Accessed June 9, 2014.

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Pew survey

� Generation Nexters are: ◦ Happy and optimistic ◦ Tolerant of social issues ◦ Users of technology/internet ◦  “Look at me” generation ◦ Tolerant of immigration ◦  Less critical of government ◦ Close to parents/family


Pew survey

� Gen Nexters: ◦ Approximately half have: �  Tattoo (1/3) �  Dyed hair a nontraditional color �  Body piercings

◦ No religious affiliation ◦  Somewhat interested in politics ◦ Top goals: become rich or famous


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Pew Survey

� Additional surveys ◦  2009 �  Forty Years After Woodstock, A Gentler Generation

Gap

◦  2010 �  Millennials: Confident. Connected. Open to Change �  Compared Millennials’ values, attitudes and beliefs

to older adults �  2020 adults (830 were 18-29 yoa)

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2009/08/12/forty-years-after-woodstockbra-gentler-generation-gap/ Millennials: Confident. Connected. Open to Change. Pew Research Center Report, February 2010. file:///H:/TLS%20Docs/APE/Preceptor%20Development/Preceptor%20CE%202014/Texas%20Tech%20Webinar%20June%202014/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change_PEW%20SURVEY.pdf.

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2009/08/12/forty-years-after-woodstockbra-gentler-generation-gap/

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Pew Survey

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2009/08/12/ii-generations-apart-and-together/

� Who has better values? Younger or Older ◦ Older adults �  Moral values �  Work ethic �  Respect for others

◦ Younger adults �  Racial tolerance

Source: http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2010/02/24/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change/: Accessed June 9, 2014.

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Review article

� Review of studies looking at generational changes among students

� How these changes impact teaching Twenge J. Generational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me. Medical Education 2009.43:398-405.

Review article

�  Student’s scored higher on: ◦ Assertiveness ◦  Self-liking ◦ Narcissistic traits/self-entitlement ◦ High expectations ◦  Stress, anxiety, poor mental health

�  Scored lower on self-reliance Twenge J. Generational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me. Medical Education 2009.43:398-405.

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Review article

� This generation may benefit from: ◦ More structure ◦ More interactive ◦ Tempering of their overconfidence Twenge J. Generational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me. Medical Education 2009.43:398-405.

Review article �  Preceptors/teachers should give: ◦  Very specific instructions ◦  Frequent feedback ◦  Explanation of relevance

�  Rules strictly enforced �  Shorter segments of instruction � Use of media (videos, interactive formats) �  Set clear expectations to avoid conflicts Twenge J. Generational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me. Medical Education 2009.43:398-405.

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http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/765383/TB-Template.jpg/a746c053-15b4-4328-8293-3a8af9e9a831?t=1362670656172

Generation Next

PBS Documentary Video Clip

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_jB1Q0K5BI

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How do generational characteristics potentially impact your interactions with

your students?

Impact on Interactions

� Work ethic � Communication � Professional development/training � Technology � Rewards �  Feedback � Organizational skills � Entitlement

The Center for Generational Studies. http://www.generationaldiversity.com/faq.html

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Work Ethic �  Beliefs about what working hard means �  Influenced by what individuals were taught as

children ◦  Traditionalists-wartime and economic depression ◦  Boomers-economic expansion, convenience-

oriented products ◦  Gen X-watched parents work long hours, try to

work smarter with shorter hours ◦ Millennials-technology & convenience; expect

stimulation


Communication

� Electronic technology � More efficient � Minimal non-verbal communication � Email vs phone/face-to-face �  Screening of communication � Detachment and individualism � Most likely no significant change should be

expected


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Professional Development/Training

� Promotion & additional compensation ◦ Traditionalists & Boomers

� Enhancement of versatility for personal gain, not necessarily organizational gain ◦ Gen X & probably Gen Y


Technology

� Greater dependence with younger generations

� Greater efficiency � Problems with basic grammar and

composition


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Rewards

� Traditionalists-pride in job well done � Boomers-recognition � Gen X-fair compensation, skill

development/credentialing, time off, laid back atmosphere

� Millennials-fun, stimulation, control over environment


Feedback

� Traditionalists- “job well done” � Boomers-coaching somewhat � Gen X-want “hands-off” approach � Millennials-similar to Boomers


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Organizational Skills

� Millennials may be less likely to see the importance of professional appearance

� Workspace organization � Are growing up and maturing in a more

informal world


Entitlement

� Do millennials have this attitude? � Determination to “get their way” � Extremely protective parents �  Societal attitude


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Why is all of this important?

� Misunderstandings, miscommunications � Differing values � Work values/attitudes � Be cautious with stereotyping

Millennial Learning Styles �  Structure, guidance �  Regular feedback �  Collaboration, less lecture �  Communication less face-to-face; less lectures �  Tailored information �  Hands-on �  Technology Source: Feiertag and Berge. Training Generation N: how educators should

approach the Net Generation. Available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0040-0912&volume=50&issue=6&articleid=1740424&show=html. Accessed June 9, 2014.

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Precepting Millennials �  Be aware of generational differences �  Identify and take advantages of generational

strengths � Discuss expectations, clear communications � Challenge them, stimulation �  Teach them what you do and why � Ask their opinion, collaborate with them �  “Junior colleague” �  Provide frequent feedback

There is nothing wrong with today's teenager that twenty years won't cure.

~Author Unknown

The secret of education is respecting the pupil.

~Ralph Waldo Emerson

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Source: http://drybonesblog.blogspot.com/2007/01/generation-gap.html

http://managementink.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/generational_differences.jpg

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http://blog.a-b-c.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Shawn-Comic.jpg

Case scenario You have a millennial fourth year student pharmacist that has been training at your site for the past 5 weeks. The student has been performing at an acceptable level, but has been late a few times and asked to leave early on a couple of occasions because “there was nothing to do.” You complete the final evaluation and the student receives an 82 (B) on the rotation. The student contacts the director of experiential education at the school and reports never receiving any feedback from you during the rotation and never being sure of what she was supposed to do each day.

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Case scenario

The student also reports never really working with you directly. The student states that she thought their performance was good enough for an A.

Case scenario What things could/should you as the preceptor have done differently with this student? �  Give clear instructions and expectations at

beginning of the rotation ◦  Provide rotation schedule of daily activities and any

project deadlines �  Collaborate; stimulate; hands-on �  Ensure enough rotation activities to keep the

student actively engaged �  Hold the student accountable for expectations �  Frequent feedback; complete a midpoint evaluation;

identify what the student can do better in order to improve

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Assessment Questions

Question #1

There are currently 2 generations in the US workforce?

True False

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Question #1

There are currently 2 generations in the US workforce?

False

There are 4 Generations

Question #2

Millennials want a non-collaborative approach to learning?

True False

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Question #2

Millennials want a non-collaborative approach to learning?

False

In general, they prefer a collaborative approach

Question #3 Which of the following are steps to take/considersations

when precepting Millennial students?

a.  Provide feedback at the end of the rotation block b.  Provide stimulating learning activities for them to

complete c.  Consider generational differences that may exist d.  Accept the fact that they are all “slackers”

I.  A only II.  B only III.  B and C only IV.  A, B and C only V.  All of the above

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Question #3 Which of the following are steps to take/

considersations when precepting Millennial students?

a.  Provide feedback at the end of the rotation

block b.  Provide stimulating learning activities for them

to complete c.  Consider generational differences that may

exist d.  Accept the fact that they are all slackers

B and C only

Question #4

Understanding of possible generational differences may minimize conflict with some students within your practice site?

True False

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Question #4

Understanding of possible generational differences may minimize conflict with some students within your practice site?

True

Additional References �  Feiertag J and Berge ZL. Training Generation N: how educators should

approach the Net Generation. Available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0040-0912.htm.

�  Miller SW. Teaching Geriatrics to Generation Y. AJPE 2004;68 (3) Article 67: 1-9.

�  Smola KW and Sutton CD. Generational differences: revisiting generational work values for the new millennium. J Organiz Behav 2002; 23: 363-382.

�  Garner SF. Preparing for the Nexters. AJPE 2006;70(4) Article 87: 1. �  Fogg P. When Generations Collide. The Chronicle of Higer Education;

July 18, 2008: Available at http://chronicle.com/weekly/v54/i45/45b01801.htm.

�  ASHP Report. 2004 ASHP National Residency Preceptors Conference explores generational differences, leadership development. AJHP 2005;62:519-524.

�  Davison MA and Palmer T. Addressing Generational Issues in a Pharmacy Setting (abstract). Paper presented at 2006 AACP annual meeting; San Diego, CA.

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Additional References �  Dittmann M. Generational differences at work.

Monitor on Psychology 2005;36(6). Available at http://www.apa.org/monitor/jun05/generational.html

�  Bobinski D. Capitalizing on generational differences. Sept 23 2005. Available at www.management-issues.com.

�  http://www.gentrends.com/faq.html �  The Pew Research Center for the People and The

Press. “How Young People View Their Lives, Futures and Politics: A Portrait of Generation Next.” January 9, 2007. Available at http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/300.pdf.

Thank you

Questions

[email protected] 334-844-4329