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Genevieve Bent
Where?
What? Why ?
When?
Take a
moment
to see if
you can
answer
the 4 Ws
THE WINDRUSH GENERATION
W H O A R E T H E Y, W H Y A R E T H E Y I M P O RTA N T,
W H Y D O T H E Y M AT T E R ?
Genevieve Bent
WHO ARE THE WINDRUSH GENERATION?
The Windrush Generation were a group of
people, from the Caribbean, who were called
by the British Government to work and live
in the UK.
They arrived in Tilbury, Essex, aboard the
Empire Windrush, on 22nd June 1948.
There were around 800 young Caribbean
men and women; who all arrived with
dreams and goals for their ‘Mother Country’.
Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
WHY DID THEY COME OVER?
Up until the early 1960s, many of the Caribbean Islands (and countries in Africa,
Asia and around the world) were under British Colonial rule. They were a part of
the British Empire.
The Caribbean was known as the British West Indies – which is where the term
West Indian comes from.
The Queen was the ‘Head of State’ for all these countries and in 1948, the 1948
British Nationality Act was passed, granting all members of the British Empire
citizenship and the right to live in the UK.
After two wars, and the recent end of WW2 in 1945, the UK needed to rebuild its
country and economy. The British Government advertised opportunities for
employment which attracted many people to leave the Caribbean for the UK.
Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
EMPIRE WINDRUSH HMT Empire Windrush was originally a cruise
ship (called Monte-Rosa) used in Germany, in the
1930s and was also used as a transportation
vessel in WW2.
In 1948, Empire Windrush travelled from
Australia to London, it docked in Kingston,
Jamaica and after a newspaper advert promising
employment in London, people across the
Caribbean decided to embark upon this journey
to the ‘Mother Country’.
There were almost 1100 people aboard the
Windrush, which arrived in Tilbury, 22nd June
1948, for most of which Britain was their final
destination.
Genevieve Bent
WHAT DOES ‘WINDRUSH GENERATION’ MEAN?
Windrush Generation is the term used for
the group of settlers, which arrived from the
British West Indies, between 1948 and the early
1960s.
Windrush Generation most notably refers to
those who arrived aboard the Windrush, but
many Caribbean people also arrived in the
coming years.
Windrush Generation marks the start of a
multicultural Britain and the development of the
Modern Britain we know today.
Genevieve Bent
HOW WERE THE WINDRUSH GENERATION WELCOMED?
The arrival of Windrush and the ‘Immigrants’ was BIG news!
Many newspaper reporters greeted them to take pictures of the arrivals and interview some of them.
However, Members of Parliament (MPs) complained after the Windrush arrival, urging for controls on immigration.
The British people were also not happy to see so many Black people in their country, and this marked the start of difficulty ahead for the Windrush Generation.
Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT The Windrush Generation were not welcomed by the British Citizens.
They were racially abused, refused housing, refused employment, harassed by the police, bullied in schools (by students and teachers) and made to feel like unwanted illegal ‘aliens’.
They were refused all these basic human rights because they were black.
Many of the settlers were forced to live in the underground shelters, that were built for the war such as the Clapham shelter.
Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT
In 1968, the Race Relations Act 1968 was passed, making it illegal to
discriminate against someone because of their
Race, ethnicity, or nationality.
This followed on from the Race Relations Act 1965
which only addressed discrimination in public
places.
Genevieve Bent
HOW DID THE WINDRUSH GENERATION CONTRIBUTE TO THE UK?
Almost all the Adults who arrived over the number of years had vocations,
trades and skills that made them highly employable.
They were nurses, electricians, seamstresses, woodworkers, dressmakers
and so much more.
After the Race Relations Act 1968, they were able find more employment,
particularly in London, which had become increasingly diverse, and the
economy began to grow once more.
Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
THEIR IMPACT
Despite the hardships and
struggles they faced, the
resilience, optimism and
perseverance (some of the
CORE values at HIAC), they
made a huge impact on
British Society.
Genevieve Bent
SOUNDSYSTEMS Sound systems, were a cheaper alternative to
live music, and were played on the streets,
around the island of Jamaica.
As Caribbean people moved to Britain, in
larger numbers, they brought the
Soundsystem along with them.
They weren’t welcome at traditional clubs,
and could not hear the music they loved, so
parties were set up locally, in houses or
private spaces, and reggae, calypso, ska and
‘Lovers Rock’ music of Soundsystems were
enjoyed.
Genevieve Bent
TROJAN RECORDS MIX
Trojan Records were one of the biggest record labels and they were British. Founded in 1968, you
can listen to some of the biggest hits here! How does it make you feel?
Genevieve Bent
NOTTING HILL
As areas such as Ladbroke Grove became more and more inhabited
and influenced by West Indian people, racial tensions between White
British and West Indians.
In 1958, following the racially motivated killing of an Antiguan man,
Kelso Cochrane, racial riots broke out in Notting Hill. These were
called the 1958 Notting Hill Riots.
Genevieve Bent
NOTTING HILL CARNIVAL Claudia Jones, a Trinidadian woman and NottingHill resident, came up with the idea of recreating a smaller scale version of the (now world famous) Trindadian Carnival.
This was to try to bring together the different communities of London.
What started off as a small scale and indoor carnival party, has now grown to be the biggest street Festival in Europe!
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Genevieve Bent
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Genevieve Bent
BRIXTONBrixton and Notting Hill/Ladbroke Grove
had the largest inhabitants of Black
Caribbean migrants.
Brixton is well known for being a hub of the
Windrush Community.
From the food markets selling Caribbean
foods, to the Soundsystem and record shops,
to the community centres.
Such was the influence of the Windrush
generation on Brixton, that in 1998 the area
outside of Brixton’s Tate library was
renamed Windrush Square.
Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
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Genevieve Bent
Genevieve Bent
THE WINDRUSH SCANDAL
In 2017, it emerged that the UK
Government had wrongly detained and
deported many Commonwealth citizens,
back to their country of birth, despite
having been here for decades.
Many of these people were part of the
Windrush Generation or their children,
who were now in their 50s and 60s.
This was a grave injustice for the people
who had built their lives in Britain and
hugely contributed to the development of
it.
Genevieve Bent
WINDRUSH DAY 22nd June is Annual Windrush Day.
This is to mark the arrival of the
hundreds of West Indians to the
UK aboard the Empire
Windrush.
Today, we will complete some
activities, in anticipation of
Windrush Day, on Monday.
Genevieve Bent
Using the video to help you, imagine
you was one of those embarking
Empire Windrush, leaving for the UK.
Create a piece, which describes your
feelings and thoughts about leaving
your home in the Caribbean, for the
UK.
You have complete freedom to be
creative. Write a letter, make a short
video or draw a picture.
Send your final product to your tutor.
Windrush Task 1
Genevieve Bent
In 2017, it emerged the UK had wrongly detained and
deported many Commonwealth citizens, back to their
country of birth, despite having been here for decades.
Many of these people were part of the Windrush
Generation or their children, who were now in their 50s
and 60s.
After watching the video, create a piece, which depicts the
‘Windrush Scandal’ and summarises the way the victims and
their families must have been feeling. Poem, article, artwork,
video, it is up to you.
Send your final product to your tutor.
Windrush Task 3