General Studies and Engineering Aptitude

For

ESE-2021

By- Rahul Verma (IES officer)

Cover complete syllabus and all topics of IES-2021, and GATE-2021.

Cover all concepts and questions from the top 3 coaching institute class notes.

Extra topics will cover in each subject if anything will be required in the future

according to IES -2021and GATE-2021syllabus.

Doubts and quarry solution through dedicated WHATSAPP group.

Carrier guidance and motivational support.

Concise, concept oriented and topic wise presentation with detailed video lectures

on Target IES YouTube channel.

Current Affairs (Static part)

Ph.: +91 9984079965

Email: ravindra123123kumar@gmail.com

Website: http://www.targeties.com/

S. No. Topic

1. National and International importance related to

social, economical and industrial development.

2. Taxes

3. United Nations

4. Statutory Bodies

5. Banking Economy

6. International organizations

Note: Monthly current affairs video and notes will be available on

Target IES YouTube channel.

CONTENTS

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries):

It is permanent inter government organization of 14 oil exporting countries that coordinates

and unifier the petroleum policies of its member countries.

Est. 1960. Through “Baghdad conference by 5 countries.

HQ – Viena (Austria).

Members – 14, India is not a member.

OPEC has around 81 % of proven oil reserves and it accounts around 44 % of global crude

oil production.

Indonesia – Suspended Member.

Qatar left OPEC in 2018.

Members –

South Africa Africa Asia

1. Venezuela *

Maximum oil reserves

2. Ecuador

Min Quota

1. Nigeria

2. Algeria

3. Angola

4. Libya

5. Gabon

6. Republic of Congo (2018)

Latest member

7. Equatorial Guinea

1. S. Arabia *

2. Kuwait *

3. Iran *

4. Iraq*

5. UAE (United Arab

Emirates)

*Founding Members

Note: 2014 – 126 $ | Barrel

2016 – 26 $ | Barrel

1 Barrel = 159 liters.

Fiscal deficit- If govt. expenditures exceeds than the income generated. It is indicator of how

much borrowings need.

India’s Maximum Import

1. Petroleum and its products.

2. Gold

3. Electronic goods.

We can decrease our oil imports by use of electric vehicles, bio-fuels, and Renewable energy.

1. National and International Importance related to Social,

Economical and Industrial development.

Venezuela-

Mainly oil dependent economy.

Currently taking severe economical crisis. Due to in global oil prices.

Due to low foreign currency reserves, Venezuela facing difficulty in goods, import like

food, medicine etc.

That is why people started protest against the govt.

Note: crude oil production (world)

(World) (India)

1. Russia

2. S. Arabia

3. USA

1. Gujarat

2. Maharashtra

World’s largest oil refinery – Jamnagar (Gujarat)

TAPI gas pipeline- Also known as Trans Afghanistan Pipe Line.

It is a natural gas pipe line

length⇒1840 km

Turkmenistan – Afghanistan – Pakistan – India

founded by ADB (Asian Development Bank)

HQ – Manila (Philippines)

Operational in 2019.

Natural Gas production-

WORLD INDIA

1. USA 1. Maharashtra

2. Russia 2. Gujarat.

Natural gas Composition – CH4 (maximum), propane, Ethane.

LPG- ISO butane (Maximum) , Propane, ethane. Ethyl Mercaptan (C2H5SH)→Sulphare

compound used in LPG to detect leakage.

Bio gas CH4 (Maximum), H2, CO2, H2S

CNG (compressed natural gas) – CH4 (maximum)

It produces less noise than petrol and diesel engineer.

India’s 1st Natural gas Pipeline-

HBJ (𝐻𝑎𝑧𝑖𝑟𝑎

⇓𝐺𝑢𝑗𝑟𝑎𝑡

→𝐵𝑖𝑗𝑎𝑖𝑝𝑢𝑟

⇓𝑀. 𝑃.

→𝐽𝑎𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑢𝑟

⇓𝑈. 𝑃.

)

Operational in 1996

Developed by GAIL

GOVERNMENT SCHEMES

Urja Ganga Project- Launched by PM Modi In October 2016 from Varanasi to provide PNG

(Piped Natural Gas ) for cooking and CNG for vehicles to our eastern states.

Under this GAIL developing Jagdishpur – Halida Pipeline.

Maharatna companies Eligibility-

A Company must have Navratna status.

A last Rs. 25,000 crore annual turn over during last 3 years.

At least Rs. 5000 crore net profit after tax in last 3 years.

Company must be having operations outside country also.

o Ex- ONGC, IOCL, BPCL. (Latest), GAIL, CIL, NTPC, BHEL SAIL

Ujjawala Yojana-

Launched by PM Modi on 1st may 2016 (labor day) from Ballia (UP) to Provide Rs. 5

crore LPG gas connections to BPL families with in 3 years.

Now target revised to 8 crores connection.

Implemented by ministry of petroleum and Natural gas (1st social wel fare scheme).

Govt. contribution→Rs, 1600 per connection.

UJALA (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LED for all)

World’s largest non- subsidized LED programme.

Earlier known or National LED programme.

Launched under DELP (Domestic efficient lightening Programme)

Replaced ‘Barat Lamp Yojana’

Implemented by EESL (Energy Efficient by service limited)

Under this , 5 LED bulbs of 9 w each will be distributed through DISCOMS.

Ceiling fans and street lightening also covered.

Recently IEA (International Energy Agency) tie up with UJALA (India recently

become Associate member)

Britain and Malaysia also launched.

UDAY (Ujjawal Discuses Assurance Yojana)-

Launched by central govt. in association with state govt. for financial turnaround and

revival package for electricity distribution companies of India (DISCOMS).

Mission statement – “ Financial turnaround of power Distribution companies”

Separated by Ministry of Power.

SAUBHAGYA (Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojna)

Launched by PM modi on 25th sep 2017 from New Delhi to provide electricity connect on

to urban and rural households, which do not have electricity connections.

Around Rs. 25000 crore project.

Note- Leisang village of Manipur (Senapati district) recently declared as last Indian village

connected with electricity supply.

Deen Dayal Upadhayay Gram Jyoti Yojna-

1- Launched in 2015 to provide electricity connections and continuous power supply to

our rural areas.

2- It also focuses on feeder separation for our agriculture sector.

Planning commission-

Established in march 1950

Extra constitutional non – statutory body.

Fun – To prepare 5 year plan and set one growth target.

Ex officio chairman→PM

Based on top. To bottom line.

Less participation of states.

Authorized for fund allocation to states.

12th 5 year Plan→faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth.

(2012-2017)

NDC (National Development council)-

1- Established in 1952.

Function-To review, assess and monitor 5 year plan from time to time

2- Ex – office chairman →PM

Members – CM’s of states and Lieutenant governors of UY’s

3- Higher decision making body.

4- Renamed as “Governing council”

NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)

Established 1st Jan 2015

Ex officio chairman →PM

Present vice chairman → Rajiv Kumar

Present CEO →Amitabh Kant.

Based on bottom to top line

More participation of states.

No power for fund allocation

Act as think tank of govt in policy making

5 year plan concept replaced by 15 year vision document of NITI Aayog.

Note

* 1st 5 year plan (1951-56)

focus →Agriculture.

Based on Harrod →Domar Model

Nehru govae slogan – Dams are modern temple of India

*2nd 5 year plan (1956-61)

Focus →Heavy Industries.

Steel plants were set up with foreign assistance.

Bokaro, Durgapur (W. Bengal), Raurkela (Odessa)

*5th 5 Year Plan-

Focus→Poverty Alleuiation.

Indra Gandhi gave slogan→Garibi Hatao.

Deendayal Upadhyay Antyodaya Yojana launched by PM modi in 2014. For poverty

alleviation.

NITI Aayog more supports federal structure these planning commission.

SATH (Sustainable Action plan for transforming human capital)

Launched by NITI Aayog in collaboration with state governments to transform

education and health sector in the country.

In 20187 NITI aayog published water management Index,

According to this report, India experienced worst ever water crisis in 2018.

1. Gujarat

2. Andhra Pradesh.

In 2018. NITI Aayog organized global mobility summit “Move hack” in New Delhi in

collaboration with Singapore.

It was world’s largest hack thon organized with on objective to find future mobility

solutions.

Global innovation index 2018 published by WIPO (World Intellectual property rights

organization)

HQ – Geneva.

India’s Rank→57 (Out of 130)

1st Rank →Switzerland.

Influenced by GII, NITI Aayog and CII (Confederations of India Industry) developed

“India innovation Index” to publish states Rank on the basis of innovation.

In 2016 NITI Aayog launched Atal Innovation mission (AIM) and SETU (self

employment and talent utilization)

Aim- Rs. 15 crore program launched with objective to promote Innovations in the

country having some commercial use.

In 2018, NITI Aayog launched “New India Challenge” champion to invite innovation.

SETU- (Self Employment and Talent utilization)

Rs, 1000 crore programme to support startup business and to develop entrepreneurship

skill in country.

Scheme launched by PM modi to give Rs, 10 lakh loan at low interest rate to any

citizen (above 18 years) to set up new businesses, new innovations etc.

Initial 3 year profit will be tax free.

MUDRA BANK- (Micro Units development Reference Agency Bank)

Established on 8th April 2015.

It is a new public sector financial institution set up with an objective law rate loan to

MSMES (Micro small Medium enterprises)

Mudra Bank Launched 3 Products

1- Shishu→upto Rs, 50,000 loan

2- Kishore→up to Rs, 5 lakh loan

3- Tarun →up to Rs, 10 lakh loan.

Hyper loop – Based on

𝑀𝑎𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑣 𝑡𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦

⇓𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

⇓𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ↓ & ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑

This Concept was given by Elon musk.

NITI Aayog given approval to introduce hyper loop technology in India.

Hyper loop is 5th mode of transportation (ether 4 →Rail, Road, Air water)

Note-

1- As per state reorganization Act 1956, Andra and Telangana divided in 2014 and

Hyderabad declared as Joint capital for 10 years but Andra Pradesh developing Amravati

as its new capital.

2- India’s state partition basis is on linguistic Basis.

3- Anthra Pradesh announced to develop Vijay wada, Amravati Hyper loop rate.

Maharashtra also announced to develop Mumbai –Pune route

4- Andra Pradesh recently set up India’s 25th High court.

5- Ease of doing Business index.

I- Andre Pradesh (1st )

II- Telangana (2nd )

6- First inter linking b/w 2 rivers Krishna and Godavari 2016 Andhra Pradesh.

3 Sectors of the economy-

1- Primary Sector- Agriculture, mining

2- Secondary sector- Industries, Factories, manufacturing etc.

3- Tertiary Sector- Services (Maximum contribution in our GDP)

Current GDP of India → $2.6 trillion

6th largest economy in the world.

Make in India

Launched by PM modi on 25th September 2014 to attract businesses from around the

world to invest and manufacture in India.

Major focus-

1- Easy of doing business

2- Employment generation & skill development

3- To make India a manufacturing hub.

Country source of Income-

1- Direct & Indirect taxes

2- Higher experts and lower imparts

3- Higher FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and FII (Foreign Institutional Investors)

Under FDI- Foreign companies setting up business, Industries etc. More reliable for long

term.

Under FII- Foreign companies shall invest their money in stack markets, govt Banks etc.

Less reliable

Currently, India receiving maximum FDI from Mauritius.

Note-

1- Maximum import of India from china

2- Samsung (south Korea) announced to set up world’s largest manufacturing unit at

Nodia.

3- Apple (USA)

- World’s most valuable company

- Crossed I trillion $ mark.

4- Viena (capital of Austria) – most livable city in the world.

5- Hyderabad – Most livable city in India

6- Cleanses district in India – Indore

7- According to swacch grameen survekshan 2018, Satora (Maharashtra) → Cleanest

district . Haryana →Clianest state.

TAXES

Direct Indirect

Centre State Centre State

Income tax House tax Service tax VAT

Corporate tax Excise duty Entertainment

Custom duty Luxury

Purchase

Tax on lotteries

and gambling

Excise duty- Shall be charged on the products manufactured or sell with in the country.

Custom duty- Shall be charged on the products manufactured outside country.

GST (Goods & Services tax).

Based on the principle of one nation, one market, one tax.

2. Taxes

122nd constitutional Amendment bill

101st constitutional Amendment Act.

Considered as major tax reform since indie- pendency.

GST come into effect from 1st July 2017.

It shall be charged on manufacture, sale or consumption of goods and services.

Under this amendment, 3 New articles added + some changes done in 7th schedule

(Distribution of powers b/w state and centre)

3 new Article 246 A

Articles Article 269 A

Article 279 A

GST council was established to deal with GST related issues.

There are 3 catenaries

1- CGST (Central GST)

2- SGST (State GST)

3- IGST (Integrated GST)

GST tax slab →0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28%, and 3% for gold

Some products not covered under GST

Ex- high speed diesel, motor spirit (Petrol), crude oil, Natural gas, Aviation turbine full,

etc.

Businesses having annual turnover up to 40 laksh are exempted under GST.

Assam was the 1st state which ratified GST and J & K was the last.

GSTN→ GST networks was established to deal with 17 operation of GST.

51% Private

49% Govt.

Till date more than 150 countries impale minted GST (Including Pakistan)

France→1st country which implemented GST in 1954.

“Major Benefit of GST is to convert in organized sector in to organized sector”

GDP (Gross domestic product)- GDP is a monetary measure of the market value of all the

final goods and services produced in a specific time period, after annually,

GDP is the most commonly used measure of economic activity.

In India’s GDP contribution-

1st Services

2nd Industries.

GNP = GDP + Expert – Impart

(1st + 1 out) (Iin+F) (Iout) (F)

Expert – Import = Net Factor Income abroad (NFIA)

GNP = GDP + NFIA