Daily Skill Builders:General Science

Grades 5–8By

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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8

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Table of Contents

TableofContents

IntroductiontotheTeacher........................................ivnSESStandardsMatrixforGrades5–8.................... 1

Activity # SkillScientific Methods1. WhichScientistIsWhich?................................ 22. BranchesofScience........................................ 23. ScientificMethods............................................ 34. SIUnits............................................................ 35. ScientificUnitsofMeasurement...................... 4

Physical Science6. density............................................................. 47. Matter............................................................... 58. StructureofAtoms........................................... 59. StatesofMatter............................................... 610. StatesofMatter/TestPractice.......................... 611. TheFourthStateofMatter............................... 712. PhysicalPropertiesofMatter........................... 713. ChemicalPropertiesofMatter......................... 814. Elements.......................................................... 815. PeriodicTableofElements............................... 916. ClassificationofElements................................ 917. FascinatingElementFacts............................. 1018. CompoundsandMixtures.............................. 1019. UsingdensitytoIdentifyCompounds............ 1120. Physicalvs.ChemicalChanges..................... 1121. Solutions........................................................ 1222. Solubility........................................................ 1223. Acids,Bases,andneutralization................... 1324. pH ................................................................ 1325. ChemicalFormulas........................................ 1426. Boyle’sLaw.................................................... 1427. BehaviorofLiquidsandGases...................... 1528. SinkorFloat?................................................. 1529. Energy........................................................... 1630. Temperature................................................... 1631. EnergyTerms................................................. 1732. TypesofEnergy............................................. 1733. ConductorsandInsulators............................. 1834. ChemicalEnergy........................................... 1835. Motion—SpeedandAcceleration/ TestPractice.................................................. 1936. distance,Speed,andTime............................ 1937. GravityandInertia......................................... 2038. MassandWeight........................................... 2039. MetricConversion.......................................... 2140. newton’sFirst,Second,and ThirdLaws/TestPractice................................ 2141. Friction........................................................... 22

42. ForcesandMotion......................................... 2243. BalancedandUnbalancedForces................. 2344. Momentum..................................................... 2345. WorkandPower............................................. 2446. SimpleMachines........................................... 2447. SimpleMachines........................................... 2548. Waves............................................................ 2549. WaveProperties............................................ 2650. TransverseandCompressionalWaves.......... 2651. ElectromagneticSpectrum............................. 2752. TypesofWaves.............................................. 2753. WaveBehavior............................................... 2854. WavesReview/TestPractice.......................... 2855. Light ............................................................ 2956. LightandColor.............................................. 2957. TheLawofReflection.................................... 3058. diffusevs.RegularReflection........................ 3059. Plane,Concave,andConvexMirrors............. 3160. Refraction...................................................... 3161. TheThreeMajorSubatomicParticles............ 3262. ElectricCharge.............................................. 3263. InsulatorsandConductorsofElectricity........ 3364. InducedCharges........................................... 3365. ElectricCurrentandBatteries........................ 3466. Amperes,Volts,andWatts............................. 3467. Resistance..................................................... 3568. ohm’sLaw..................................................... 3569. Circuits........................................................... 3670. ElectricPower................................................ 3671. Magnetism..................................................... 3772. InducedMagnetism....................................... 3773. ElectricityandMagnetism.............................. 3874. ElectricityandMagnetismReview/ TestPractice.................................................. 38

Earth and Space Sciences75. FourCharacteristicsofMinerals.................... 3976. Minerals......................................................... 3977. MineralFormation.......................................... 4078. PhysicalPropertiesofMinerals..................... 4079. Mohs’HardnessScale................................... 4180. Silicates......................................................... 4181. Igneous,Sedimentary,and MetamorphicRocks....................................... 4282. detritalRockProcesses................................ 4283. Weathering.................................................... 4384. Soil................................................................. 4385. GravitationalErosion...................................... 4486. GlacialErosion............................................... 4487. WindErosion................................................. 45

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Table of Contents (cont.)

TableofContents

88. WaterErosion................................................ 4589. GroundwaterandtheWaterTable................. 4690. Geysers,Caves,andSinkholes..................... 4691. EnergyResources......................................... 4792. Earth’sMaterialsandResources Review/TestPractice...................................... 4793. Compositionofoceans................................. 4894. oceanWavesandTides................................ 4895. SeaFloor....................................................... 4996. EarthquakeForces........................................ 4997. Earthquakes................................................... 5098. MeasuringEarthquakes................................. 5099. PangaeaandContinentaldrift....................... 51100. SeaFloorSpreading...................................... 51101. PlateTectonics............................................... 52102. PlateBoundaries........................................... 52103. RingofFire.................................................... 53104. PartsofaVolcano.......................................... 53105. Volcanoes...................................................... 54106. IgneousRockFeatures.................................. 54107. TheAtmosphere............................................ 55108. CompositionoftheAtmosphere.................... 55109. AirPressure................................................... 56110. EnergyintheAtmosphere............................. 56111. HeatTransfer.................................................. 57112. Winds............................................................ 57113. TheCoriolisEffect......................................... 58114. GlobalWinds.................................................. 58115. WaterintheAtmosphere............................... 59116. CloudFormation............................................ 59117. TypesofClouds............................................. 60118. Precipitation................................................... 60119. AirMasses..................................................... 61120. Fronts............................................................ 61121. Storms........................................................... 62122. Lightning........................................................ 62123. Tornadoes...................................................... 63124. Hurricanes..................................................... 63125. PredictingtheWeather.................................. 64126. WeatherMaps................................................ 64127. Climate........................................................... 65128. ClimateRegionsandTypes........................... 65129. TheGreenhouseEffectand GlobalWarming............................................. 66130. ClimaticChange............................................ 66131. TheEarthandtheMoon................................ 67132. PhasesoftheMoon....................................... 67133. Eclipses......................................................... 68134. TheSolarSystem/TestPractice..................... 68135. otherSolarSystemobjects.......................... 69

136. Stars ............................................................ 69137. TheSun......................................................... 70138. Galaxies......................................................... 70

Life Sciences139. AnimalandPlantCells................................... 71140. CellProcesses............................................... 71141. EnergyinCells............................................... 72142. Viruses........................................................... 72143. Binomialnomenclature.................................. 73144. ClassificationGroups..................................... 73145. TheKingdoms................................................ 74146. Bacteria.......................................................... 74147. Protists........................................................... 75148. Fungi ............................................................ 75149. SeedlessPlants............................................. 76150. SeedPlants................................................... 76151. Animalornot?............................................... 77152. VertebratesandInvertebrates....................... 77153. Flatworms,Roundworms,Sponges, andCnidarians............................................... 78154. Mollusks......................................................... 78155. Annelids......................................................... 79156. Arthropods..................................................... 79157. Insects........................................................... 80158. Arachnids....................................................... 80159. CrustaceansandEchinoderms...................... 81160. Vertebrates.................................................... 81161. AnimalAdaptations/BirdBeaksandFeet...... 82162. InvertebratesandVertebrates Review/TestPractice...................................... 82

Periodic Table of Elements ................................... 83

Answer Key ............................................................ 84

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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8

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ACTIVITY 1 Which Scientist Is Which?

Matchthescientistwithwhathe/shestudies.

1. paleontologist a. metals2. entomologist b. humanbehavior3. astronomer c. insects4. metallurgist d. energyandforce5. agronomist e. water6. hydrologist f. plants7. archaeologist g. animals8. psychologist h. prehistoricformsoflife9. chemist i. rocks10. physicist j. structureandmatter11. botanist k. soilandcropraising12. zoologist l. weather13. geneticist m. starsandplanets14. geologist n. humandnA15. meteorologist o. pastcultures

ACTIVITY2 Branches of Science

Writethebranchofscienceeachofthefieldsbelowwouldbelongto:Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, Life Science, Mathematics, Social Science.

1. Zoology 11. Statistics

2. Astronomy 12. Biology

3. Physics 13. Geology

4. Anatomy 14. Psychology

5. Anthropology 15. Seismology

6. Geometry 16. Entomology

7. Botany 17. Archaeology

8. Mineralogy 18. Logic

9. Meteorology 19. Genetics

10. Chemistry 20. ornithology

ScientificMethods

Scientific Methods

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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8

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ACTIVITY3 Scientific Methods

Write“T”fortrueor“F”forfalseforeachstatement.

1. Ahypothesisisastatementthatcanbetested.

2. Theoriesattempttoexplainwhyaparticularthinghappens.

3. Scientificlawsexplainwhysomethinghappens.

4. Anindependentvariableisthefactorthatischangedinanexperiment.

5. Adependentvariableisafactorthatstaysthesameinanexperiment.

6. Aconstantisthefactorbeingmeasuredinanexperiment.

7. Acontrolisastandardusedtomakecomparisons.

8. Aninferenceisaconclusionthatisbasedonobservations.

ACTIVITY4 SI Units

The International System of Units (SI Units) was devel-opedtoprovideauniformstandardforphysicalmeasure-mentsthatcouldbeusedworldwide.nexttoeachquantity,listtheunitwithwhichitismeasuredanditssymbol.(Thechoicesareinthebox).

ScientificMethods

K second cubicmeter

m meter kilogram

s Kelvin kg m3

Quantity Unit Symbol

Mass

Volume

Time

Temperature

Length

Scientific Methods

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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8

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ACTIVITY5 Scientific Units of Measurement

Usethewordsfromtheboxtofillintheblanksandmaketheinformationcorrect.

1. Theamountofmatterinanobject

iscalledthe oftheobject.

2. Themassofanobjectwillbethe onEarthor

themoon.

3. Ameasurementof ,ontheotherhand,

dependsontheforceof onit.

4. isthemeasurementusedtodeterminehowhotor

coldsomethingis.Suchmeasurementsaremadeonthe scale.

Thisscalestartsat zero.At373K,water .

5. AnintervalbetweentwoeventsismeasuredwiththeSIUnitof .

ACTIVITY6 Density

Themeasurementofdensityreferstohowthemassofanobject(howmanyatomsareinit)comparestotheamountofspacethatitoccupies(thevolume).Answerthesequestionsaboutthesesquaresofequalmass.

1. Whichofthesquareshasthehighestdensity?

2. Whichofthesquareshasthelowestdensity?

3. Howdoesthemasscompareinallthreesquares?

4. Howdoesthevolumecomparebetweenthesquares?

5. Whichdoyouthinkhasahigherdensity,ablockofwoodorablockofiron?

ScientificMethods/PhysicalScience

gravity boils weight absolute time mass temperature same Kelvin

Scientific Methods/Physical Science