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General problem solver

frank venance (mcse)

Is the computer simulation of human problem solving,

Called general problem solver because could solve wide

range of problems

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General Problem Solver (GPS) was a computer program created in

1959 by Herbert A. Simon, J.C. Shaw, and Allen Newell intended

to work as a universal problem solver machine.

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Theory {Allen Newell (1927 - 1992)}

The information processing theories attempt to understand human

cognitive processes by using computer processing as a model.These theories did not assume that humans were regarded as

"computers" but attempted to create computer programs that would

accomplish problem solving tasks that humans can perform

Resource optimization in water supply network

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The theoretical framework was information processing and

attempted to explain all behaviour as a function of memory

operations, control processes and rules. The methodology fortesting the theory involved developing a computer simulation

and then comparing the results of the simulation with human

behaviour in a given task.

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Motivation behind the program

Improving human being ability to design

Improving human being ability to develop algorithms

Improving human being ability to plan (projects)

Improving human being ability to test and debug

Improving human being analytical abilities

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1.Applies means end analysis

2.Use analogy for how humans solve problems

a) Represents the problems and the goal

b)Identifies subgoals and operators that will produce the goal

How does it solve problem?

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3) Plans with plans

4) Creates rules to solve problems

5) Applied to several logic problems

examples are tower of Hanoi, missionary-cannibal problem,

three coins puzzle ,water jag task

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Tower of Hanoi" puzzle. This puzzle involves a set of threerings of different sizes that can be placed on three different

pegs,

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Approach of intelligence used - is it going throughsame steps a human takes when solving the sameproblem but there is small deference that Generalproblem solver follow steps strictly

Also general problem solver does not thinking like ahuman but the computer program was capable ofsimulating a first approximation to well definedproblems and goals

it taking rational steps but does not acting like ahuman to observe output not intermediate steps

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Application

While GPS was intended to be a general problemsolver, it could only be applied to "well-defined"problems such as proving theorems inlogic geometryword puzzlesTrigonometry

symbolic logicword problems

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Limitations of General problem solver

Sometimes it deviates from strategies people used tosolve problems

Humans use the hill-climbing strategy but Generalproblem solver does not use this strategy

may fail to solve the problem because it applies the

means-end heuristic to strictly

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benefit of artificial intelligent

Help humans to simplify work of performing proofTime saving for other activities

Disadvantage

will make humans less independent (autonomous)and thus less creative

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END