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7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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general principlesof
transformationalgrammar but have
challengedChomsky's
conceptionof deep structure
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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as a separate and
identifiable level
of syntactic
representation. Intheir opinion,
the basiccomponent of the
grammar shouldconsist of a set of
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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words with an
assigned surface-
structure syntactic
analysis, therebeing no place in
the passage fromsemantic
representation tosurface structure
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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identifiable as
Chomsky'sdeep
structure.
Chomsky himselfhas denied that
there is any realdifference
between thetwo points of view
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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and has
maintained that the
issue is purely one
of notation. Thatthis argument
can be putforward by one
party to thecontroversy and
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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rejected by the
other is perhaps a
sufficientindicatio
n of theuncertainty of the
evidence. Ofgreater importance
than the overtissues, in so far as
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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they are clear, is
the fact that
linguists are now
studying muchmore intensively
than they haveinthe past the
complexities of theinterdependence of
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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syntax, on the one
hand, and
semantics
andlogic, on theother. Whether it
will provepossible to handle
all thesecomplexities
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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within
acomprehensive
generative
grammar remainsto be seen.The
role of thephonological
component of agenerative
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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grammar of the
type outlined
byChomsky is to
assign a phonetic"interpretation" t
o the strings of words generated by
thesyntacticcomponent. These
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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strings of words
are represented in
a phonological
notation(takenfrom the le
xicon) and havebeen provided w
ith a surface-structure analysi
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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s by thetransform
ational rules
(seeFigure 7). The
phonological
elements out ofwhich the word
formsarecomposed are
http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/CL/volk/SyntaxVorl/gifs/olingua007a4.gifhttp://www.ifi.unizh.ch/CL/volk/SyntaxVorl/gifs/olingua007a4.gif7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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segments
consisting of what
are referred to
technically asdistinctive
features(followingthe usage of the
Prague school, seebelow
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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The Prague
school
). For example, the
wordform "man,"
represented
phonologically, iscomposed of three
segments: the firstconsists of
http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cgi-bin/g?DocF=macro/5003/79/25.html&%20#40126http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cgi-bin/g?DocF=macro/5003/79/25.html&%20#40126http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cgi-bin/g?DocF=macro/5003/79/25.html&%20#40126http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cgi-bin/g?DocF=macro/5003/79/25.html&%20#401267/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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features [+
consonantal], [+
alveolar], [+
nasal], etc.(Thesefeatures should be
taken as purelyillustrative; there
is some doubtabout the
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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definitive listof
distinctive
features.)
Although thesesegments may be
referred to as the"phonemes" /m/,
/a/,and /n/, theyshould not be
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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identified
theoretically with
units of the kind
discussed in thesectiononPhonology
under
Structurallinguistics.
http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cgi-bin/g?DocF=macro/5003/79/11.html&%20#40127http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cgi-bin/g?DocF=macro/5003/79/11.html&%20#401277/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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They are closer to
what many
American
structurallinguistscalled
"morphophonemes" or the Prague
school linguistslabelled
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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"archiphonemes,"
being unspecified
for any feature that
is contextuallyredundant or
predictable. Forinstance, thefirst
segment of thephonological
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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representation of
"man" will not
include the feature
[+ voice];TRANSFORMATI
ONALGRAMMAR_Task.
rtf arranged byAch. Philip, S.Pd
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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17
because nasal
consonants arealways
phoneticallyvoiced in this
position inEnglish, the
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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feature[+ voice]
can be added to
the phonetic
specification by arule of the
phonologicalcomponent.One
further importantaspect of
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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generative
phonology (i.e.,
phonology carriedout withinthe
framework of anintegrated
generativegrammar) should
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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be mentioned: its
dependence
uponsyntax. Most
Americanstructural
phonologistsmade it a point of
principle that thephonemicanalysis
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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of an utterance
should be carried
out without regard
to its grammaticalstructure.
This principle wascontroversial
among Americanlinguists and was
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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not generally
accepted
outsideAmerica.
Not only has theprinciple been
rejected by thegenerative
grammarians, butthey
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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havemade the pho
nological descript
ion of a language
much more dependent upon its
syntacticanalysisthan has any
other school of linguists. They
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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have claimed, for
example, that the
phonological rules
that assigndifferent degrees
of stress to thevowels in English
wordsand phrases and a
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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lter the quality of
the relatively unst
ressed vowel con
comitantly mustmakereference to
the derivedconstituent
structure ofsentences and not
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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merely to the form
class of
theindividual
words or theplaces in
which the wordboundaries occur
TRANSFORMATIONAL
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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GRAMMAR_Task.
rtf arranged byAch. Philip, S.Pd
18References
1.Boey, Lim
Kiat. (1975).
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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An Introduction
to Linguistics for
The Language
Teacher.Singapore.
SingaporeUniversity
Press.2.Yule, George.
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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The Study of
Language: An
Introduction.Sydney.
Cambridge
UniversityPress.3.Jacobs, Roderick
A. et al.
7/31/2019 General Principles of Transformational Grammar but Have Challenged Chomsky
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