General Path Program

8/14/2019 General Path Program

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GENERAL PATHOLOGY SYLLABUS: 3rd. Sem. 2009-02

CONTENT:

- Introduction- Professor

- Program, learning objectives & references- Lectures (power point)- Evaluation

I.- Introduction: The Pathology course is one of the most important subjects inmedicine and is composed of two major sections:General & Systemic pathology. The first is oriented to the study of the basis ofdisease (formerly anatomical, currently genetic, immunologic, molecular, etc.). Thesecond is related with the study of the most important diseases by organs andsystems.

II.- Professor: This section (general pathology) is on charge of

R. Hugo Martnez Lozano, M.D. and pathologist.

III.- General pathology program, learning objectives and references:Room: 109 Time: 13:00 15:00.

#: TOPICS & REFERENCES: DATE :1 Welcome July 20

Introduction to pathology Cellular responses to stress

Cellular adaptations of growth & differentiationCell injury & death. Part I

- Introduction- Causes- Mechanisms

Ref: pp. 4-18 & lectures information

2 Cell injury & death. Part II July 21- Reversible & irreversible- Apoptosis- Intracellular accumulations

Ref: pp. 19-32, 34-40 & lectures information

3 Inflammation I (Acute & chronic) July 23

General featuresHistorical highlightsAcute inflammation

- Stimuli- Vascular changes- Cell events

End of acute inflammationRef: pp. 48-62 & lectures information


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4 Inflammation II (Acute & chronic) July 24Chemical mediators- General features- Origin- Types

Outcomes of acute inflammation


5 Inflammation III & some aspects of tissue repair July 28Chronic inflammation- Causes- Morphology (cells)- Granulomatous

Systemic effects of inflammationConsequences of defective or excessive inflammationRef: pp. 78-85, 88-94, 107-114 & lectures information

6 Hemodynamic disorders I July 29

General featuresEdemaHyperemia & congestionHemorrhageRef: pp. 119-124 & lectures information

7 Hemodynamic disorders II July 31ThrombosisD.I.C.EmbolismInfarctionShock

Ref: pp. 130-142 & lecutres information

8 Genetic disorders I Aug 03 General features

MutationMendelian disorders

- Transmission patterns- Biochemical & molecular basis- Disorders asociated with defects in:

- Structural proteins- Receptor proteins


9 Genetic disorders II Aug 04Disorders associated with defects in- Enzymes- Regulators of cell growth

Multifactorial disordersRef: pp. 158-170 & lectures information


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10 Genetic disorders III Aug 05Cytogenetic disorders- Types of ch. Rearrangements- Disorders involving:

- Autosomes- Sex chromosomes

- Single disorders with nonclassic inheritance- Triplet-repeat mutations- Mitochondrial genes mutations- Genomic imprints


11 First workshop Aug 06

12 First workshop (cont...) Aug 07

First partial exam of pathology (topics 1-12) Aug 10

13 Disorders of immunity I Aug 11General features of the immune system- Innate & adaptive- Cells & tissues- Mechanisms (HLA)Disorders of the immune system:- Hypersensitivity reactions: I, II, III, IV.Ref: pp- 194-217 & lectures information

14 Disorders of immunity II Aug 12Autoimmune diseases- Immune tolerance

- Mechanisms of autoimmunity- SLE- RA- SS- SclerodermaRef: pp. 223-239 & lectures information

15 Disorders of immunity III Aug 13Immunologic deficiency syndromes- Primary- Secondary

- AIDS


16 Neoplasia I Aug 14 General features

Definitions, nomenclatureBiology of tumor growth (characteristics of benign & malignant nature)EpidemiologyRef: pp. 270-287 & lectures information


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17 Neoplasia II Aug 17Molecular basis of cancer- Normal cell cycle- 7 fundamental changes that determine malignant phenotype

(& discussion of six of them)Ref: pp. 288-309 & lectures information

18 Neoplasia III Aug 18AngiogenesisInvasion & metastasisMolecular basis of multi-step carcinogenesisCarcinogenic agents & their mechanisms- Chemical- Radiation- Microbial

- Viral- H.p.

Ref: pp. 309-328 & lecutures information

19 Neoplasia IV Aug 19Clinico-pathologic consequences:- Tumoral effects

- Local & hormonal- Cachexia- Paraneoplastic syndromes

- Grading & staging- Diagnosis of cancer

- Cytology- Conventional histopathology:

- Biopsy

- Surgical specimens- Special techniques:

- Immunohistochemistry- Flow cytometry

- Tumor markersRef: pp. 332-339 & lectures information

20 Infectious diseases I Aug 20General featuresHistoryCategories of infectious agentsTrasmission & dissemination of microbes

Mechanisms of injury:- Viral- Bacterial- Effects of host immunityImmune evasionInfection in immunosuppressed hostsSpecial techniques for dx.Ref: pp. 344-361 & lecutres information


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21 Infectious diseases II Aug 21 Viral infections

- Transient- Latent- Productive- Transforming

Bacterial infections- Gram (+)- Gram (-)Mycobacteria- TB- Atypical- LeprosyRef: pp. 363-387

22 Infectious diseases III Aug 24Spirochetes- Syphilis

- Lyme dis.Anaerobic bacteria- ClostridaObligate intracellular bacteria- Chlamydia- RickettsiaFungal infections- Yeasts- MoldsParasitic infections- Protozoa- Metazoa (Infestations)


23 Infectious diseases IV Aug 25Emerging & re-emerging infectious diseases- General features- Old diseases- New diseases- Infections with increased frecuency- Re-emerging diseases- Major concerns- Some notes on bioterrorismRef: pp. 345-346, review of the chapter & a lot of lectures information


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24 Selected topics on environmental pathology Aug 26Mechanisms of toxicityAddictions:- Tobbacco- Alcohol- Sedative-hypnotics

- Stimulants- OpioidsLead poisoningUV radiationRef: pp. 417-426, 432-433, 441-442 & lectures information

25 Pathology of nutrition Aug 27Nutritional deficiencies- Protein-energy malnutrition- Anorexia nervosa & bulimia- Vitamin def.

- ADEK

- Thiamine- Riboflavine- Niacin- Vit C- Folate

- Mineral def.- Zinc- Selenium


26 Diseases of the Infancy & childhood I Aug 28General features

Congenital anomaliesBirth wight & gestational ageBirth injuriesPerinatal infectionsNeonatal RDSNecrotizing enterocolitisGM-intraventricular hemorrhageFetal hydropsRef: pp. 470-486 & lectures information


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27 Diseases of Infancy & childhood II Aug 31Some inborn errors of metabolism- PKU- Galactosemia- CFSIDS

Benign neoplasias- Hemangiomas- TeratomasMalignant neoplasias- Incidence & types- The neuroblastic tumors- Wilms tumor Ref: pp. 487-506 & lectures information

28 SecondWorkshop Sep 04

Second partial exam of pathology (topics 13-28) Sep 07

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK: Dr. Damjanov says The book is the course... and westrongly agree with him. Our main textbook is:

1. Robbins & Cotrans PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE, 7th edition, 2005As an alternative reference you have:2. Rubins PATHOLOGY, Clinicopathologic foundations of medicine 5th edition, 2008.

Review books are exactly that... something to review (for instance, few weeks before theUSMLE) AND DO NOT REPLACE THE TEXTBOOKS.

3.- We also recommend, in order to review morphological images, an atlas such as:Milikowski & Bermans COLOR ATLAS OF BASIC HISTOPATHOLOGY, 1st. ed., 1997.

4.- Other: The systemic pathology chapters of our textbooks, and HarrisonsINTERNAL MEDICINE. 17th. Ed.

IMPORTANT: IN EVERY TOPIC, PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE MEDICAL(CLINICAL) SIGNIFICANCE, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IN THE DISEASES(CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC CASES) DISCUSSED IN EVERY LECTURE.

IV).- Lectures:I will give by advance (from the first day of the general pathology section) my

power points to the president of the group.

V).- Evaluation: The general pathology section will be evaluated in the first andsecond partial exams of the patology course (see above). In this section you will notsee recycled exams. Every exam will evaluate the correspondant course. Old examsas well as questions books may be means for exercise but they are not references nor

good sources of knowledge. You will not see those particular questions in the USMLE norin my exams. I recommend you the following points:1.- Study for yourselfs (to become good physicians)2.- Study on daily basis (you should have began to prepare your step 1 from de 1 st. sem.)3.- Study to understand (you will need deep understanding to pass the USMLE)If you do so, as a consequence, you will pass also your coursesWe all share the same interest... the study of medicine, thus, I am sure that we willlearn together and well enjoy very much this experience.

R. Hugo Martnez Lozano, M.D.

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General Path Program