General Overview

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General Overview

by Dr. Barbara B. TillettChief, Policy and Standards Division

Library of CongressFor Texas Library Association Conference

April 12, 2011

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Overview Influences on RDA Changing environment Why not AACR3? RDA goals and structure Examples of changes

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Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition Paris Principles ISBD FRBR/FRAD Internet Toronto Conference 1997 IME ICC ICP Web environment collaborations

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Influences Panizzi – 1841 (“91 rules”)

Not just finding list/inventory Full and complete data Collocation by authors References

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Influences – Cutter (1876-1904 eds.)

Objects:Find

author, title, subjectShow

given author, given subject, kind of literature

Assist in choice edition, literary of

topical character

IFLA’s Influence onCataloguing Codes

1961

“Paris Principles”

(influenced by Lubetzky and Verona)

International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) - 2009

Principles & Glossary20 languageshttp://www.ifla.org/en/

publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principles

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8

Anglo-American Tradition18

41

1876

1902

1904

1906

1908

1941

1949

1967

More of IFLA’s Influence

1969 – ISBDs• International Standard Bibliographic

Description

• 2007 Consolidated

edition

8

10

198819982002

AACR21978

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FRBR IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain

Entities, Relationships, Attributes

Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements)

User tasks National level required elements

relationship

One Entity Another Entity

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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

created

Shakespeare Hamletwas created by

Pers

on W

ork

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FRBR EntitiesGroup 1:Products of intellectual &

artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item

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Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

recursive

one

many

Group 1

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Elements to Describe Resources Work

ID Title Date etc.

Expression ID Form Date Language etc.

Manifestation ID Title Statement of

responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher,

date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.

Item ID Provenance Location etc. 16

Relationships Inherent among the

Group 1 entities

Content relationships among works/expressions

Structural relationships

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Whole-Part

AccompanyingSequentialDerivative17

FRBR EntitiesGroup 2: Those responsible for Group 1

entities intellectual or artistic creation

realization of works production/publishing/ distribution/manufacture

custodial responsibility, Or are the subject of works

PersonCorporate bodyFamily

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Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Group 2

many

is owned byis produced by

is realized byis created by

FRBR

Person

Corporate Body

Family

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FRBR Entities Group 3: Subjects of works

Groups 1 & 2 plusConceptObjectEventPlace

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Work Group 3

many

has as subject

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Person

Corporate Body

Work

Concept

Object

Event

Place

has as subject

has as subject

FRBRFamily

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“User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and

collocate) Identify Select Obtain

Relate/Navigate

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June 2009 Extends the FRBR

model to authority data (Still to come is FRSAD

on subject authority data)

Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)

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British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog)

ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o

Another copy.The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o

Another copy.Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o

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British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog)

ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o

Another copy.The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o

Another copy.Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o

Person Work Expression Manifestation Item

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LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.

CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or

Area Studies Reading Rms

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.

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http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612

http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20080513101540&PID=29879&SA=Shakespeare,+William,+1564-1616.

http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080513101540&PID=29879&SA=PR2779.H3





Work

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Person








Expression

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Manifestation

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Item

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Collocation

Don Quixote

Madrid, 1979

English

Spanish

FrenchGerman

Cervantes

Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding

Exemplary novels

Tex

t

Objectives of a catalog: display

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All the works associated with a person, etc.

All the expressions of the same work

All the manifestations of the same expression

All items/copies of the same manifestation

Don Quixote

Madrid, 1979

English

Spanish

FrenchGerman

Cervantes

Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding

Exemplary novels

Wasserman

The Man of La Mancha

Tex

tMovies…

Derivative

works

Subje

ct

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RelationshipsPathways to Related Works

Author of Author of

For Librarians

CollocationBetter organization to catalog

Easier cataloging

Reduction in cataloging loadWork only cataloged once for all expressions under itExpression only cataloged once for all manifestations under itItem cataloging (already simple) remains the same

FRBR Benefits

Greater Benefits For UsersCollocationEasier to find information

Single search retrieves all related materials even if cataloged in different languages or different subject headings

Easier to see the different expressions of a single work

Gives a better global picture Easier to find all manifestations

FRBR Benefits

Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or

“Expression” level rather than only at

manifestation level

FRBR Benefits

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Internet

Catalogs are no longerthe end points in isolation

Global access to data Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet

environment Share data beyond institutions

Internet “Cloud”

Web frontend

ServicesVIAF

Databases, Repositories

LCSH

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Current Cataloging Environment Web-based

Wide range of information carriers complexity of content

Metadata (bibliographic information) Created by a wider range of personnel in

and outside libraries Element-based metadata schemas

Dublin Core, ONIX, etc.

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What’s wrong with AACR? Increasingly complex Lack of logical structure Mixing content and carrier data Hierarchical relationships missing Anglo-American centric viewpoint Written before FRBR Not enough support for collocation Before Internet and well-formed metadata

Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN

4040

1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development

of AACRToronto, Canada JSC invited

worldwide experts Issues leading to

RDA

Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of

AACR Seriality Internationalization

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AACR3

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IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriersDublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C

“Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007

RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI)

JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities

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Other Collaborations Law Library community

Treaties Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC

Bible proposals Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC,

American Folklife Center, Rare Books) DACS

Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., MLA AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music

Prints & Photographs Division CCO

Geography and Maps Divisions at LC

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GOALS: RDA will be …

A new standard for resource description and access

Designed for the digital world• Optimized for use as an online product• Description and access of all resources

• All types of content and media • Resulting records usable in the digital

environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)

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RDA – The Goals Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked

environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types

of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally

agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate

slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN

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RDA Structure General introduction Identifying (Entities and their attributes)

Manifestations and Items Works and Expressions Persons, Corporate Bodies, Families, etc.

RelationshipsAppendices

Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles, etc. Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.) Relationship designators Etc.

Glossary Index

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General Principles (ICP)• Convenience of user• Representation• Common usage• Accuracy• Sufficiency and

necessity• Significance• Economy

• Consistency and Standardization

• Integration• Defensible, not

arbitrary

• If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution.

5050

Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA

“Take what you see” Correction of inaccuracies elsewhereNo more abbreviating

Accept what you getFacilitating automated data capture

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Sample Changes from AACR2

Transcribed data (macros and templates)Option to keep rule of 3

e.g., “[and five others]” – no more “… et. al.”First place of publication is “core”“Place of publication not identified” – not “s.l.”“Publisher not identified” – not “s.n.”“Date of publication not identified”

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RDA Element Analysis RDA element (domain: manifestation)

Title Title proper Parallel title Other title information Variant title Earlier variant title Later variant title Key title Abbreviated title Devised title

element element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type

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RDA elements “Core” Media, Carrier, and Content Types to

replace GMDs Other examples of new elements:

File characteristics for digital materialsVideo format characteristicsCustodial information for archival resourcesBraille characteristics

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New Terminology

AACR2 termsHeadingAdded EntryAuthorized headingSee references

RDA termsAccess pointAccess pointAuthorized access pointVariant access point

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New Terminology

AACR2 terms

Uniform title

RDA terms

Preferred titleName of the work (to

include name of creator when applicable)

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http://www.rda-jsc.org/

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Summary User-oriented models (FRBR/FRAD)

Collocate works/expressions Identify resources through specific

elements (attributes) and relationships Internationalization

Cost reduction through increased sharing of data

Across information communities

5858

Summary Principle-based rules (ICP)

Cataloger’s judgment (Best for users)Take what you see for transcribed data

(Representation) Facilitate harvesting and sharing of

descriptive metadataLess rigid, more flexible

Add controlled vocabularies for precision of searching

5959

Questions?

Acronyms and Links DC – Dublin Core

• DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiativehttp://dublincore.org/

• DCAM – Dublin Core Abstract Modelhttp://dublincore.org/documents/2007/04/02/abstract-model/

FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Datahttp://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm

FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (this site includes a Webliography)

http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm

IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

http://www.infla.org JSC – Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDAhttp://www.rda-jsc.org/ RDA – Resource Description and Access http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html 60

Acronyms and Links

ALA Publishing URL for RDA Toolkit: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/

RDA Toolkit demo: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/training/guidedtour

US RDA Test, General information: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/

Library of Congress Documentation for the RDA Test (training materials and decisions for test on RDA options): http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatest.html

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Attributes – Elements/data to identify an entity (e.g., title; place of publication; date of publication; etc.)

Carrier types – categories of the kinds of packages to convey information (e.g., volume, microfiche, videocassette, globe)

Content types (e.g., text, image, sound,

cartographic content, notated movement)

Media types (e.g., audio, video, unmediated)

Terms

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Documents

General Overview