General Observation Period (GOP)General Observation Period (GOP)

Susanne Crewell & GOP Partner Susanne Crewell & GOP Partner Meteorologisches Institut Meteorologisches Institut

Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) MünchenLudwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) München

GOP Characteristics General Observation Period from January to December 2007

Comprehensive data set suitable for testing hypotheses and new modeling techniques developed within the QPF-Program.

The GOP encompasses COPS both in time and space - to provide information of all kinds of precipitation types and- to relate the COPS results to a broader perspective (longer time series and larger spatial domain)

GOP Observations

Optimized exploitation of existing instrumentation

- routine measurements normally not available to the scientific community - continuous/coordinated operation of existing instrumentations

suitable for statistical evaluation Focus on measurements which are available in near real-time

Rigorous quality control, cross-checking and error estimation

Easy access to data, quicklooks and analysis

Close connection with COPS activities

no funding for instrument development or upgrade

near-realtime analysis + first-order model evaluation

WG "Precipitation Process" & data management

Personnel funding for observations only when instruments are moved to other locations

Provision of coordinatedobservations and modeloutput to SPP projects(VERIPREC, STAMPF, DAQUA, QUEST,...

GOP Precipitation Observations

High resolution surface precipitation (rain gauges)DWD, various water authorities, environmental agencies and urban networks

3-D hydrometeor distribution (weather radar)-16 C-band DWD radars- polarimetric research radars: POLDIRAD, DLR; DWD Observatory Hohenpeissenberg- C-Band radar Karlsruhe; X-Band radars Bonn & HH- operational radars in neighboring countries

Rain drop size distribution (RDSD)- network of vertical pointing Micro Rain Radar (MRR)- in situ disdrometer

Joint objective of COPS WG3 & GOPInvestgation of the differences of the RDSDs over flat terrain including maritime conditions on one hand and over orographically structured terrain on the other hand

LE

GOP Organisation

WP-GOP-1 Rain gauges

WP-GOP-2 Weather Radar

WP-GOP-3 Drop Size Distribution DSD

WP-GOP-4 Lidar (aerosol, cloud base, mixing layer height) WP-GOP-5 GPS water vapour column WP-GOP-6 Lightning networks WP-GOP-7 Satellite observations (cloud properties, water vapor, aerosol) WP-GOP-8 Meteorological stations WP-GOP-9 Management

GOP & COPS

MRR transsect will be coordinated with POLDIRAD RHI scans during COPS

GOP

to provide information of all kinds of precipitation types

to identify systematic model deficits

to select case studies for specific problems

to relate the COPS results to a broader perspective (longer time series and larger spatial domain)

GOP Network Observations Integrated Water Vapor (GPS)

about 180 stations within Germanyabout add. 40 in neighboring countriesprocess more french stationsset-up of 5 stations in COPS area for 6 monthsto get a better estimation in the structured terrain

Cloud and aerosol vertical information (Lidar networks) - lidar ceilometer observations from institutes & DWD

> 100 in Germany- coordinated (regular scheduled) EARLINET (Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich, Garmisch, Cabauw, Neuchatel..) with a high quality standard to derive statistical aerosol properties

Lightning detection systems- Conventional lightning detection system (BLIDS)- VHF network in Northern Germany - VLF LINET system in Southern G.

July & August 2004

IWV [kg m-2]

cloud base height [m]

GOP Satellites (FUB + Nowcasting SAF)

a) spatially highly resolved products (250-300 m, polar orbiters) b) temporal evolution from Meteosat Second Generation (every 15 min.)

Instrument Technical Products Information

SEVIRI / Meteosat-8

x~5 km over Europe, x~3 km nadir, whole disc every 15min.

TCI, CM, clear sky BT, Int. water vapor (IWV), cloud top pressure (CTP)

~3.3 K clear sky, ~0.7 g m-2 (day, land)~52 (high-), 121 hPa (low-level clouds)

MODIS / TERRA & AQUA

overpass Europe ~10:30 am, and ~1 pm; resolution at nadir 0.3 - 1 km

TCI, CM, optical depth, liquid water path (LWP), effective radius (reff), IWV, geo.,

cloud depth

4,5: ocean and warm bound. layer clouds clear sky land surfaces and above clouds, ~0.24 g m-2

MERIS / Envisat

overpass ~10 :30 local, resolution at nadir 0.25 - 1 km

TCI, CM, optical depth, CTP, IWV

~183 m (single low-level) clear sky, ocean, land and above clouds

AMSU / NOAA

more than 4 overpasses

microwave BT, rain rate

high res. rain rates throug combination with IR

CPR / CLOUDSAT

Scheduled launch: autumn 2005

radar reflectivity profiles , LWC/IWC

combination with Calipso

Near real-time Radar and Satellite

Statistical evaluation of water vapour, cloud and precipitation structure

extraction of station output (rain gauges, MRR, GPS, ..) togetherwith model output and online visualization

diurnal cycle on a monthly basis of all parameters time series at station and maps

convective/frontal

cell tracking

vertical structure (hydrometeor distribution)

regional characteristics

sub-grid properties

The Near Real Time (NRT) processing for the GOP and COPS area. The information at FU Berlin is online with a delay of 2 hours (flight mission planning; near real time assimilation,....

GOP Stations

Location Institute Short information

Bonn Meteorologisches Institut precipitation (radar), clouds, radiation +met

Frankfurt Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt Taunus Observatory

Geesthacht GKSS Research Center clouds and water vapor

Garmisch FZ Karlsruhe IFU aerosol, clouds and meteorology

Hamburg University and MPI water vapor, clouds, precipitation and meteorology

Hannover Institut f Met. und Klimaforschung clouds and meteorology

Jülich Forschungszentrum soil moisture

Kiel Institut für Meereskunde clouds and basic meteorology

Karlsruhe FZ Karlsruhe IMK precipitation (radar), wind and meteorology

Leipzig IfT und Universität aerosol and water vapor

Lindenberg DWD Observatory PBL, radiation, clouds, wind (very complete)

München Meteorologisches Institut und DLR aerosol, water vapor and clouds

Zugspitze Schneefernerhaus und Zugspitzgipfel aerosol, water vapor, clouds and snow

all Meteorological & Geographical Institutes, Research organisations & NP to contact!

GOP Preparation Establishment of the data base

- coordination with DWD and data owners- coordination with COPS campaign data

how to set-up and how to get funding

Quality control of the observations- rain gauge estimates (UniBonn)- radar and satellite observations (QUEST)- joint effort of data owners

Tailoring model output to data available from GOP - definition of model domain, horizontal resolution, boundary conditions...- focus on Lokal-Modell-kürzestfrist (LMK)

- preparation of special model output (integration into NUMEX)→ time series in model time step resolution at selected stations→ selected 3D-fields at asynoptic times for satellite/radar comparisons

- online visualization of statistical properties from model and observations (diurnal cycle, PDFs,..)

• long-term evaluation

• identification of case studies

MAP Forecast Demonstration Project

GOP fundingStaffin PM

Staffin k€

Cons.in k€

Travelin k€

Otherin k€

Staffin PM

Staffin k€

Cons.In k€

Travelin k€

Otherin k€

PI: Fischer

Satellites (WP7) 2,0 5,0 4,0 5,0

PI: Sussmann

FTIR, GPS

Garmisch (WP8) 3,0 2,0 3,0

FTIR, GPSZugspitze (WP8) 1,0 2,0 3,0

PI: Bumke

Disdrom. (WP3) 2,0 2,0 1,0 2,0Met. Station, ceilometer (WP8)

PI: Crewell

LINET 2,0 2,0 2,0 3,0

EARLINET (WP4) 12,0 2,0 12,0

MWR, Zug (WP8) 4,0 3,0 2,0Organis. (WP9) 2,0 3,0 2,0 18,0 20,0

PI: GendtGPS (WP5) 6,0 2,0 2,0 0,5

PI: Simmer

X-b radar (WP2) 4,0 2,0 12,0MRR, disdr., ceil., stat. (WP8) 4,0 4,0

PI: Mayer

Hartheim (WP8) 1,0 2,0 1,0 8,0Tuttlingen (WP8) 1,0 2,0 1,0 6,5

PI: Peters

MRR net (WP3) 5,0 5,0 15,0 10,0

X-b radar (WP2) 5,0 5,0

PI: HaufLightening network (WP6) 2,0 2,0 2,0 3,0

Total 56,0 0,0 36,0 10,0 2,0 31,0 0,0 91,5 12,0 0,5

Total

= ca. 328 k€ = ca. 259 k€

Internal DFG

56 PM + 48 k€ 31 PM + 104 k€

Example Station Bonn

Instrument Description Status

Lidar Ceilometer CT25K backscatter profile, cloud base height operational

Microwave radiometer MICCY liquid water path, temperature and humidity profile

operational

Infrared Radiometer KT19.85 cloud base temperature operational

Micro Rain Radar (MRR) profile of drop size distribution operational

X-Band Radar radar reflectivity and radial velocity operational

Scintillometer "Scintec BLS900" sensible heat flux operational

Rain gauge rain rate (5 min average) operational

Meteorological weather station T, rh, p, wind, rad. operational

Radiative flux measurements   planned

Cloud camera   planned

Flux (profile) station   to be installed

Soil moisture   to be installed

Microwave radiometers

MICCY

Conrad

MARSS

WVRA

IRE

TROWARA

Drakkar

HATPRO

MTP

Atmospheric Emission

liquid water pathLWP=250 gm-2

Temperature profileWater vapor profile

ν /GHz 31 90

ΔTb 90° 9 50 Scattering!

Downwelling radiationzenith pointing

Czekala, H., A. Thiele, S. Crewell, and C. Simmer, 2001: Discrimination of cloud and rain liquid water path by

groundbased polarized microwave radiometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 267-270

Humidity and Atmospheric Profiler (HATPRO)

Radialblower

Rain sensor

GPS

Rose, T., S. Crewell,  U. Löhnert and C. Simmer, 2005: A network suitable microwave radiometer for operational monitoring of the cloudy atmosphere, Atmos. Res. , 75(3), 183-200

Design based on BBC results

suitable for LWP & IWV as well as humidity & (boundary layer)temperature profile

rain sensor, GPS, clock

environmental humidity, pressure and temperature

Time series example

Boundary layer Profiling RMS between RS & HATPRO

lower than 1 K below 1 km lower inversion strength of is well detected 6 angle retrieval performs much better than 5

1.4 km

N=48

Bias RMS

Dry season in Benin

Comparison withradiosonde and tower (dots)300 K

290 K

90 & 150 GHz Dual Polarization Radiometer

external elevation scanning to avoid polarization mixing

Breaks due to cranes in field of viewwill be operated on UFS Schneefernerhaus starting next week!

improved LWP radiative transfer studies snow crystals

MIcrowave radiometer for

Cloud CarthographY

Crewell, S., H. Czekala, U. Löhnert, C. Simmer, Th. Rose, R. Zimmermann, und R. Zimmermann, Microwave Radiometer for Cloud Carthography: A 22-channel ground-based microwave radiometer for atmospheric research.Radio Science, 36, 621-638, 2001.

3 GHz FMCW radar-30 dBzmin~3 m range resolution

MIcrowave radiometer forCloud CarthographY

high spatial (1°) & temporal (1s)resolution observations

azimuth and elevation scanning

integrated water vapour (IWV)and cloud liquid water path (LWP)

temperature and humidity profile

combination with cloud radar and lidar

2 successive 30 deg azimuth scan

Vertical Hydrometeor Distributioncombination of different instruments (radar, lidar, microwave radiometer, radiosonde)

Cabauw, 9. Mai 2003drizzle

5 9

Instrument

Δt / s ΔΘ /° ΔLWP /gm-2

WVRA 30 s 4.6-5.5 29

DRAKKAR 1 s 11-13.3 23

MICCY 1 s 0.4-0.9 15

Looking at cloud variability:LWP time series

offset