First in IndiaAircraft Carrier Indian ShipI.N.S. Vikrant

American president to visit IndiaDwight David Eisenhower

Asian Games organized in IndiaDelhi (in 1951)

atomic Submarine of IndiaI.N.S. Chakra

British Prime Minister to visit IndiaHarold Mc Millon

British to visit IndiaHawkins

Chief justice of IndiaJustice Hiralal J. Kania

chief of Air Staff of IndiaAir Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst

Chief of Army Staff of IndiaGeneral M.Rajendra Singh

chief of Naval Staff of IndiaVice- Admiral R.D Katari

Chinese pilgrim to visit IndiaFa-hien

Commander-in-chief of free IndiaGeneral K.M. Cariappa

Commander-in-chief of Free IndiaGeneral Roy Bucher

Dalit Speaker of the Lok SabhaG.M.C. Balyogi

Deputy prime Minister of IndiaSardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

e-business news paper of IndiaFinancial Express

Education Minister of Independent IndiaMaulana Abdul Kalam Azad

Election Commissioner of IndiaSukumar Sen

Emperor of Moghul Dynasty in IndiaBabar

field Marshal of IndiaGeneral S.F.J. Manekshaw

foreign recipient of Bharat RatnaKhan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Governor General of BengalWarren Hastings (1774-85)

Governor General of Ind. IndiaLord Mountbattten

Governor General of IndiaLord William Bentic (1833-35)

Governor of BengalLord Clive (1757-60)

Home Minister of Independent IndiaSardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

Indian air Chief of IndiaAir Marshal S. Mukherjee

Indian author to get Anderson AwardRuskin Bond

Indian Cosmonaut (to go into space )Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma

Cricketer to make double centuries 5 timesRahul Dravid

WOman to win in a Wimbledon touramentSania Mirza

Governor general of Independent IndiaC.Rajgopalachari (21 June,1948

I.C.S. OfficerSatyaendra Nath Tagore

Woman to win a medal in World AthleticsAnju Bobby George

MissilePrithvi

Woman to win the Miss Great Britain TitlePreeti Desai

PilotJ.R.D. Tata (1929)

Prime Minister to loose an electionIndira Ghandi

Prime Minister to resign from officeMorarji Desai

recipient of Nobel Prize in EconomicsDr. Amartya Sen

Scientist to get Nobel PrizeC.V. Raman (Physics)

Space TouristSantosh George

submarineI.N.S. Cauveri

United Nations Civilian Police AdvisorMs. Kiran bedi

to climb Mount AverestTenzing Norgay

to fly the U.S. space shuttleDr. Kalpana Chawla

to get Bhart Ratna AwardDr. S. Radhakrishnan

to get Jnanpeeth AwardG. Shankar Kurup

to get Paramvir ChakraMajor Somnath Sharma

to make printing press popular in IndiaJames Hicky

to pass ICSSurendra Nath Benerjee

to reach AntarcticaLt. Ram Charan (1960)

to reach the south PoleCol. I.K.Bajaj

to ski to the north poleAjeet Bajaj

to Swim Across English Channel in IndiaMihir Sen

to win Magsaysay AwardAcharya Vinoba Bhave (1958)

to win Palk- Strait Ocean Swimming ContestBaidyanath Nath

to win Stalin AwardSaiffudin Kichlu

to win world Billiards TrophyWilson ones

Weightlifter to win bronze medal in OlympicsKarnam Malleshwari

woman Airline PilotDurga Banerjee

woman Air-vice-MarshalP. Bandopadhyaya

woman Ambassador at United NationsVijayalakshmi Pandit

woman Chairman and Managing Director of NABARDMrs. Ranjana Kumar

woman cricketer to score adouble centuryMithali Raj

woman I.P.S. OfficerKiran Bedi

woman Merchant Navy OfficerSonali Banerjee

woman Musician to getM.S. Subbulakshmi

woman president of Indian National CongressSarojini Naidu (1925)

woman Speaker of State Assembly in IndiaMrs. Shanno Devi

woman to become Miss UniverseSushmita Sen

woman to become Miss WorldMiss Reita Faria

woman to climb the Mt. EverestBachendri Pal

woman to get Ashok ChakraNirja Mishra

woman to get Bharat RatnaSmt. Indira Gandhi

woman to get Jnanpith AwardAshapurna Devi

woman to get the Nobel PrizeMother Teresa (1979)

woman to go into spaceKalpana Chawla

woman Lt. General in the Indian ArmyPuneeta Arora

woman to swim across the English ChannelMiss Arati Saha (now Mrs. Arati Gupta)

woman to win a Gold Medal in Asian GamesKamaljeet Sandhu

woman to win the Booker PrizeArundhati Roy

woman to win WTA TitleSania Mirza

Woman yo cross seven important seas by swimmingBula Chaudhury

World Chess ChampionVishwanathan Anand

large-scale Atomic Reactor of IndiaApsara (1956)

medium range Missile of IndiaAgni

minister to resign form Union Cabinet of IndiaShyama Prasad Mukherjee (1950)

Muslim President of Indian National CongressBadruddin Tayab Ji

Muslim President of Indian RepublicDr. Zakir Hussain

Nobel Prize Winner of IndiaRabindra Nath Tagore

Nuclear Centre of IndiaTarapur

Open university of IndiaAndhra Pradesh Open University

Paperless Newspaper of IndiaThe News Today

post-office opened in IndiaKolkata (1727)

president of Constituent Assembly of IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad

President of India to die in officeDr. Zakir Hussain

president of Indian National CongressW.C. Banerjee

President of Indian RepublicDr. Rajendra Prasad

Prime Minister of Independent IndiaPt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

to win Nobel prize in PhysicsSubrahmanium Chandrasekhar

Sikh Prime Minister of IndiaDr. Manmohan Singh

Speaker of lok SabhaG.V. Mavlankar (1952-57)

to win an individual Olympic gold for India.Abhinav Binra

Talkie Film in IndiaAlam Ara

Test Tube Baby of IndiaIndira (Baby Harsha)

University of IndiaNalanda University

vice president of Independent IndiaDr. S. Radhakrishan

Vice-President of India to die in harnessKrishna Kant

woman Chief Justice of a High Court in IndiaSmt. Leela Seth

woman Chief Minister of a state in IndiaSucheta Kripalani(U.P)

woman governor in IndiaSarojini Naidu

woman Judge in Supreme Court in IndiaMrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Biwi

woman president in IndiaSmt. Pratibha Patil

woman President of I.N.Congress in IndiaDr. Annie Besant

woman president of the Republic of IndiaPratibha Patil

woman Prime Minister of IndiaSmt. Indira Gandhi

woman crime branch chief in IndiaMeera Borwankar

woman to be appointed Deputy Governor of RBIK.J. Udeshi

woman Union Minister in IndiaRajkumari Amrita Kaur

Another name of Famous Indian Places

Abode of the GodPrayag (Allahabad)

Blue MountainsNilgiri

Boston of IndiaAhmedabad

City of buildingsKolkata

City of Castleskolkata

City of festivalsMadurai

City of lakesSrinagar

City of NawabsLucknow

City of RalliesNew Delhi

City of seven islandsMumbai

City of templesVaranasi

City of weaversPanipat

Dakshin QueenGodavari

Deccan QueenPune

Egg bowls of IndiaAndhra Pradesh

Electronic city of IndiaBangalore

Garden City of IndiaBangalore

Garden of spices of IndiaKerala

Gateway of IndiaMumbai

Golden cityAmritsar

Heaven of IndiaJammu & Kashmir

Hollywood of IndiaMumbai

Manchester of IndiaAhmedabad

Manchester of the northKanpur

Manchester of the SouthCoimbator

Old GangaGodavari

Pink cityJaipur

Pittsburg of IndiaJamshedpur

Queen of Arabian seaCochin

Queen of the MountainsMussoorie (Uttarakhand)

Sacred riverGanga

Siliccn vallaey of IndiaBangalore

Sorrow of BengalDamodar river

Sorrow of BiharKosi river

Soya regionMadhaya Pradesh

Space cityBangalore

State of five riversPunjab

Steel city of IndiaJamshedpur (Called Tatanagar)

Switzerland of IndiaKashmir

Twin cityHyderabad

Venice of the eastCochin

India -Largest, Longest, Highest and Smallest

Biggest HotelOberal

Deepest river valleyBhagirathi & Alaknanda

Densest populated StateWest Bengal

Highest AirportLeh (Laddakh)

Highest AwardBharat Ratna

Highest Battle fieldSiachin Glacier

Highest DamBhakra Dam (Punjab)

Highest Gallantry AwardParamveer Chakra

Highest GatewayBuland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (Agra)

Highest LakeDevatal (Garhwal)

Highest mountain peakGodwin Austin (k2)

Highest TowerPitampura Tower, Delhi

Highest WaterfallGersoppa waterfall (Karnataka)

Largest animal FairSonepur (Bihar)

Largest cantilever span brideHowrah Bridge (Kolkata)

Largest cave templeKailash temple, Ellora (Maharashtra)

Largest ChurchSaint Cathedral (Goa)

Largest corridorRameshwaram temple corridor (Tamil Nadu)

Largest DeltaSunderban Delta, W. Bengal

Largest DesertThar (Rajasthan)

Largest DomeGol Gumbaz, Bijapur (Karnataka)

Largest forest stateM.P.

Largest GurudwaraGolden Temple, Amritsar

Largest lake (Fresh water)Wular lake (Kashmir)

Largest Lake (Saline water)Chika lake, Orissa

Largest man-made LakeGovind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)

Largest MosqueJama Masjid, Delhi

Largest MuseumNational Museum, Kolkata

Largest PlaneteriumBirla Planetarium (Kolkata)

Largest PortMumbai

Largest railway routeFrom Jammu to Kanya Kumari

Largest river islandMajuli (Brahmaputra river, Assam)

Largest StadiumSalt lake (Yuva Bhaeti), Kolkata

Largest State (Area)Rajasthan

Largest State (Population)Uttar Pradesh

Largest ZooZoological Gardens, Alipur, Kolkata

Longest BeachMarina Beach, Chennai

Longest DamHirakod Dam (Orissa)

Longest Electric railway lineFrom Delhi to Kolkata via Patna

Longest national highwayNH-7 which runs from Varanasi to Kanyakumari

Longest populated cityMumbai

Longest Railway PlatformKharagpur (W. Bengal)

Longest riverGanges

Longest River BrideMahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna

Longest river which forms estuaryNarmada

Longest RoadGrand Trunk Road

Longest tunnelJawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)

Place of heaviest rainfallMausinram (Meghalaya)

Smallest State (Area)Goa

Smallest State (Population)Sikkim

State with longest coastlineGujarat

State with longest coastline of SouthAndhra Pradesh

The longest river of the southGodavari

The longest tributary riverYamuna

India's Battle

YearDetails of Battle

712Invasion of Sind by Mohd-bin-Qasim.

1191First Battle of Tarain in which Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohd. Ghori.

1192Second Battle of Tarain in which Mohd.Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan.

1194Battle of Chhandwar in which Mohd. Ghori defeated Jaichandra of Kannauj.

1526First Battle in Panipat in which Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.

1527Battle of Khanua in which Babar defeated Rana Sanga.

1529Battle of Ghaghara in which Baber defeated the Afghans.

1539Battle of Chausa in which Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun.

1540Battle of Kannauj (or Bilgram) in which Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun and forced him to flee.

1556Second Battle of Panipat in which Bairam Kahan (representing Akbar) defeated Hemu.

1565Battle to Talikota (or Banihatti) in which an alliance of Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golkonda and Bidar defeated the Vijaynagar empire (represented Sadasiva).

1576Battle of Haldighati in which Akbar defeated Maharana Pratap.

1615Mewar submitted to the Mudhals. A treaty of peace was signed between Jahagir and Rana Amar Singh of Mewar.

1649Kandahar was lost to Persia forever by the Mughals.

1658Battle of Dharmatt and Samugarh in which Aurangzeb defeated Dara Shikoh.

1665Raja Jai Singh Defeated Shivaji and the Treaty of Purandar siged.

1708Battle of Khed in which Shahu defeated Tara Bai.

1737Battle of Bhopal in which Baji Rao defeated Mohd. Shah.

1739Battle of Karnal in which Nadir Shah defeated Mohd. Shah.

1757Battle of Plassey in which the English forces (Under Robert Clive) defeated Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab of Bengal.

1760Battle of Wandiwash in which the English forces defeated the French forces.

1761Third Battle of Panipat in which Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas.

1764Battle of Buxar in which the English under Munro defeated the alliance of Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal, Nawab Shuja-ud-daula of Awadh and Mughal emperor Shah Alam.

1767-69First Anglo Mysore War in which Hyder Ali defeated the English forces.

1770Battle of Udgir in which the Marathas defeated the Nizam.

1766-69First Anglo Maratha War in which the British were defeated.

1780-84Second Anglo Mysore War. Hyder Ali died During the battle (1782) and the field was taken by his son Tipu Sultan. The war concluded with the Treaty of Mangalore (1784)

1789-92Third Anglo Mysore War in which Tipu Sultan was defeated. The Treaty of Serirangapatnam followed.

1799Fourth Anglo Mysore war in which Tipu was Defeated and Killed.

1803-06Second Anglo Maratha War in which the British defeated the Marathas.

1817-19Third Anglo Burmese War in which the British defeated the Marathas badly.

1824-26First Anglo War in which the British defeated the Burmess.

1839-42First Anglo Afghan War in Which the British Defeated Afghan ruler Dost Mohammad.

1845-46First Anglo Sikh war in which the Sikhs were defeated.

1848-49Second Anglo Sikh war in which the Sikhs were defeated and Punjab was annexed by the British.

1852Second Anglo Burmese War in which the British won.

1865Third Anglo Burmese War in which the British won & annexed Burma.

1868-80Second Anglo Afghan war in which the English suffered losses.

1919-21Third Anglo Afghan War in which the English, Though victorious, did not benefit from the war.

Amendement to Indian Constitution

Amendment YearAmendment Detail

Amendment YearAmendment Detail

First Amendment 1951Added Ninth Schedule

Seventh Amendment 1956Necessitated on account of reorganization of states on a linguistic basis.

Eight Amendment 1959Extended special provision for reservation of seats for Sacs, Sets and Anglo-Indians in Look samba and Leg. Assemblies for a period of 10 years from 1960 to 1970.

The Ninth Amendment 1960Gave effect to transfer certain territories to Pakistan following the 1958 indo-pak agreement.

The tenth amendment 1961Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a UT.

Twelth Amendment 1962Incorporated Goa, daman and diu as a UT.

Thirteenth Amendment 1962Created Nagaland as a state.

Fourteenth Amendment 1963Puducherry, karaikal, mahe and yanam, the former French territories were included in the I scheduled as UT of puducherry.

Eighteenth Amendment 1966Reorganised Punjab into Punjab Haryana and UT of Chandigarh.

Twenty first Amendment 1967Included Sindhi as the fifteenth regional language.

Twenty Second Amendment 1969Created a sub-state of meghalaya within asom.

Twenty third Amendment 1969Extended the reservation of seats for SC/ ST and nomination of Anglo-Indians for a further period of 10 years (till 1980).

Twenty sixth Amendment 1971Abolished the titles and special privileges of former rulers of princely states.

Twenty seventh Amendment 1971Established Manipur and Tripura

Thirty first Amendment 1973Increased the elective strength of LS from 525 to 545. the upper limit of representatives of states went up from 500 to 525.

Thirty sixth Amendments1975Made Sikkim a state.

Thirty eighth Amendment 1975Provided that the president can make a declaration of emergency, and the promulgation of ordinances by the president, governors and the administrative heads of UTS would be final and could not be challenged in any court. It also authorized the president to declare different kinds of emergencies.

Thirty ninth Amendment 1975Placed beyond challenge in courts, the election of the president and prime minister.

Forty second Amendment 1976Provide supremacy of parliament and gave primacy to directive principles over fundamental rights. It also added 10 fundamental duties. New words- socialist, secular and unity and Integrity of the Nation, were added in the preamble.

Forty fourth Amendment 1978The right to property was deleted from part III. Article 352 was amended to provide 'Armed Rebellion' as one of the circumstances for declaration of emergency.

Forty fifth Amendment 1985Extended reservation for SC/ ST by another 10 years (till 1990).

Fifty second Amendment 1985Added the tenth Schedule ( regarding anti-defection).

Fifty third Amendment 1986Mizoram was made a state.

Fifty fifth Amendment 1986Conffered statehood to Arunachal Pradesh.

Fifty sixth Amendment 1987Hindi version of the constitution of India was accepted for all purposes. The UT of Goa, daman and Diu was divided and Goa was made a state Daman and Diu remained as a UT.

Sixty first Amendment 1989Reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years for the LS as well as Assemblies.

Sixty first Amendment 1989Also extended reservation of seats for SC/ ST till 2000 AD.

Seventy first Amendment 1992Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in the VIII Schedule.

Seventy third Amendment 1993(Panchayati Raj Bill) provided among other things Gram Samba in villages, constitution of panchayats at the village and other levels direct elections to all seats in panchayats and reservation of seats for the SC and ST fixing of tenure of 5 years for panchayats.

Seventy fourth Amendment 1993(Nagarpalika bill) provides for, among other things, Constitution of three types of municipalities, reservation of seats in very municipality for the SC and ST, women and the backward classes.

Eighty second Amendment 2000Reinstaled the provision of reservation of SC and Sets in matters related to promotion. Besides, the qualifying marks for passing an examination for them has also been lowered.

Eighty fourth Amendment 2001Extended freeze on Lok Samba and state assembly seats till 2026.

Eighty sixth Amendment 2002Makes education a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6 - 14 years.

Eighty seventh Amendment 2003Made the 2001 census the basis for delimitation of constituencies of the Lower House of Parliament (Lok Sabha) and State assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas)

Ninety first Amendment 2003Amended the Anti - Defection Law and also made a provision that the number of ministers in the Central & State Govts. Cannot be more than 15% of the strength of Lok Sabha & respected Vidhan Sabha.

Ninety second Amendment 2003Bodo, Maithili, Santhali and Added into the VIII Schedule.

State & Governor

StatesCapitalGovernorsChief Ministers

StatesCapitalGovernorsChief Ministers

Andhra PradeshHyderabadMr. E.S.L. NarasimhanMr. K. Rosaiah

Arunachal PradeshItanagarGen.(Retd.) J.J. SinghMr. Dorjee Khandu

AssamDispurShri Janaki Ballav PattanaikMr. Tarun Gogoi

BiharPatnaMr. Devanand KonwarMr. Nitish Kumar

ChhatisgarhRaipurShri Shekhar DuttDr. Raman Singh

GoaPanajiDr. Shivinder Singh SidhuMr. Digambar v. Kamat

GujaratGandhi NangarDr. Kamla BeniwalMr. Narendra Modi

HaryanaChandigarhMr. Jagannath PahadiaMr. Bhupinder S.Hooda

Himachal PradeshShimlaSmt. Urimilaben PatelMr. Prem Kumar Dhumal

Jammu and KashmirSrinagar(Summer)Mr. N.N. VohraMr. Omar Abdullah

Jammu and KashmirJammu(Winter) )Mr. N.N. VohraMr. Omar Abdullah

JharkhandRanchiSmt. Mohsina KidwaiShri Shibu Soren

KarnatakaBengaluruMr. Hans Raj BhardwajMr. B.S. Yeddyurappa

KeralaThiruvananthapuramMr. Ram Krishna S. GavaiMr. V.S. Achuthanandan

Madhya PradeshBhopalMr. Rameshwar ThakurMr. Shivraj Singh chauhan

MaharashtraMumbaiShri K. ShankarnarayanMr. Ashok Chavan

ManipurImphalMr. Gurbachan JagatMr. Okram Ibibo Singh

MeghalayaShillongMr. R.S. MooshaharyMr. D.D. Lapang

MizoramAizawlLt.Gen.(Retd)M.M.LakheraMr. Lalthanhawla

NagalandKohimaShri. Nikhil KumarMr. Neiphiu Rio

OrrissaBhubaneshwarMr. M.C. BhandareMr. Naveen Patnaik

PunjabChandigarhShri Shivraj PatilMr. Parkash Singh badal

RajasthanJaipurSmt. Prabha RauMr. Ashok Gehlot

SikkimGangtokMr. Balmiki Prasad SinghMr. Pawan Chamling

Tamil NaduChennaiMr. S.S. BarnalaMr. M. Karunanidhi

TripuraAgartalaShri Dnyandeo Yashwantrao PatilMr. Manik Sarkar

UttarakhandDehradunMs. Margaret AlvaMr. Ramesh Pokhriyal

Uttar PradeshLucknowMr. B.L. JoshiMs. Mayawati

West BengalKolkataShri M.K. NarayananMr. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee

Newspaper/Journal

News Papers/ JournalsFounder/Editors

News Papers/ JournalsFounder/Editors

Bengal Gazette (India's first news paper, 1780)J. K. Hikki

Amrit Bazar PatrikaShishir Kr. Ghosh & Motilal Ghosh

KeshriBal Gangadhar Tilak

MaharattaBal Gangadhar Tilak

SudharakG. K. Gokhle

Vande MataramAurobindo Ghosh

Native OpinionV. N. Mandalik

Kavivachan SudhaBhartendu Harishchandra

Rast Goftar (First News Paper in Gujrati)Dadabhai Naoroji

New IndiaBipin Chandra Pal

StatesmanRobert Knight

HinduVir Raghavacharya & G. S. Aiyar

SandhyaB. B. Upadhyaya

Vichar LahiriKrishna Shastri Chiplunkar

Hindu PatriotGirish Chandra Ghosh

Som PrakashIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar

YugantarBhupendra Nath Datta & Barindra Kumar Ghosh

Bombay ChronicleFiroze Shah Mehta

HindustanMadan Mohan Malviya

MooknayakB. R. Ambedkar

ComradeMohammed Ali

Tahzib-ul-AkhlaqSir Syyed Ahmed Khan

Al-HilalAbul Kalam Azad

Al-BalaghAbul Kalam Azad

IndependentMotilal Nehru

PunjabiLala Lajpat Rai

New IndiaAnnie Besant

CommonwealAnnie Besant

PratapGanesh Shankar Vidyarthi

Essays in Indian EconomicsMahadev Govind Ranade

Samvad Kaumudi (Bengali)Ram Mohan Roy

Mirat-ul-Akhbar (First Persian News Paper)Ram Mohan Roy

Indian MirrorDevendra Nath Tagore

Nav JeevanM. K. Gandhi

Young IndiaM. K. Gandhi

HarijanM. K. Gandhi

Prabudha BharatSwami Vivekananda

UdbodhanaSwami Vivekananda

Indian SocialistShyamji Krishna Verma

Talwar (in Berlin)Birendra Nath Chattopadhyaye

Free HinduatanTarak Nath Das

Hindustan TimesK. M. Pannikar

KrantiMirajkar, Joglekar, Ghate

Important Dates of Indian History

1001First invasion of India by Mahmud Ghazni.

1191Prithviraj defeats Mohd. Gauri at Ist battle of Tarain.

1192Mohd. Gauri defeats Prithviraj at 2nd battle of Tarain.

1498Discovery of sea-route to India by Vasco-de-Gama.

1526First battle of Panipat, Babar founded Mughal Empire in India.

1600Easst India Company established in India

1657War of succession among the sons of Shah Jahan begins.

1761Third battle of Panipat.

1764Battle of Buxar.

1773Regulating Act.

1833Macaulay recommended English to be the medium of instruction in India.

1853First Railway Line opened in India.

1857Indian Mutiny for independence, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras Universities founded.

1869Birth of Mahatma Gandhi.

1885Indian National Congress founded.

1889Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru born.

1905Partition of Bengal.

1911Partition of Bengal revoked.

1919Jalianwalah Bagh Tragedy.

1920Non-co-operation Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi.

1928Visit of Simon Commission boycotted.

1930First round Table Conferece of London.

1937Provincial Autonomy, Congress forms Ministries.

1942Arrival of Cripps Mission in India, Quit India resolution passed by Congress.

1947Division of India, India and Pakistan formrd into separate independent Dominions.

1948Mahatma Gandhi assassinated.

1949Cease-fire in Kashmir, Indian Constitution signed and adopted.

1950India becomes a Sovereign Democratic Republic.

1951First Five Year Plan commenced.

1952First general election in the country, Congress party comes to power.

1956States Reorganisation Act.

19572nd General election in India.

1961Liberation of Goa.

1962Third General election in India. Chinese attack on India.

1964Death of Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru.

1965Indo-Pak war.

1966Tashkent Agreement signed between India and Pakistan.

1967Fourth General Elections held.

1969Split in the Indian National, death of Prasident Dr.Zakir Hussain.

1971Mid-term elections for Lok Sabha.

1972Reorganisation of the North-Eastern region- Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura became full fledged states.

1973Death of M.S. Golwalker(R.S.S. Chief).

1974India's Nuclear Blast, 36th constitution Bill passed by parliament making Sikkim as an associate state of India.

1659-1707Reign of Aurangzeb.

1943-1944Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose forms provisional Azad Hind Hukumat.

273-232 B.C.Ashoka's reign.

300-500Gupta Dynasty- the golden age of Hindu India.

327-26 B.C.Alexander's invasion of India. It opened a land route between India and Europe.

405-411Visit of Fahien(Chinese Traveller).

563 B.C.Birth of Gautama Buddha, Nirvana(483 b.c.).

58 B.C.Beginning of Vikram Era.

599 B.C.Birth of Mahavir, Nirvana(527 B.C.).

606-647Harsh Vardhan's reign.

Capital of all Indian States and Union Territories

Andaman & Nicobar (AN)Port Blair

Andhra Pradesh (AP)Hyderabad

Arunachal Pradesh (AR)Itanager

Assam (AS)Dispur

Bihar (BR)Patna

Chandigarh (CH)Chandigarh

Chattisgarh (CG)Raipur

Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DN)Silvassa

Daman & Diu (DD)Daman

Delhi (DL)Delhi

Goa (GA)Panaji

Gujarat (GJ)Gandhinagar

Haryana (HR)Chandigarh

Himachal Pradesh (HP)Shimla

Jammu & Kashmir (JK)Srinagar, Jammu

Jharkhand (JH)Ranchi

Karnataka (KA)Bangalore

Kerala (KL)Trivandrum

Lakshadweep (LD)Kavaratti

Madhya Pradesh (MP)Bhopal

Maharashtra (MH)Bombay

Manipur (MN)Imphal

Meghalaya (ML)Shillong

Mizoram (MZ)Aizwal

Nagaland (NL)Kohima

Orissa (OR)Bhubaneswar

Pondicherry (PY)Pondicherry

Punjab (PB)Chandigarh

Rajasthan (RJ)Jaipur

Sikkim (SK)Gangtok

Tamil Nadu (TN)Chennai

Tripura (TR)Agartala

Uttar Pradesh (UP)Dehra Dun

Uttarakhand (UK (Formerly UA)Lucknow

West Bengal (WB)Calcutta

Popular Tourist Spots of India

Adhai Din Ka JhopdaAjmer (Raj)

Ajanta CavesAurangabad

AkberSikandera (U.P)

Anand BhawanAllahabad (U.P)

Aram BaghAgra (U.P)

Bada ImambadaLucknow (U.P)

Belur MathKolkata (W.B)

Bhartpur FortBhartpur (Raj)

Bibi ka MaqbaraAurangabad (Maharashtra)

Botanical GardenShivpur (W.B)

Bundi FortBundi (Raj)

Char MinarHydrabad (A.P)

Charar-e-SarifSri Nagar (Kashmir)

Chashma- ShahiJammu-Kashmir

Chenna Keshab TempleBelur

Chhatra MahalBundi Fort

Chhota ImambadaLucknow (U.P)

Cochin FortKerala

Deeg PalaceDeeg (Raj)

Dewan-e-khasAgra Fort (U.P)

Dhar FortDhar (M.P)

Dilwada Jain TempleMount Abu (Raj)

Elephanta CavesMumbai

Ellora CavesAurangabad

EtamadAgra (U.P)

Fateh SagarUdiapur (Raj)

Fatehpur SikriAgra (U.P)

Firoz shah KotlaDelhi

Fort WilliamKolkata (W.B)

Gateway of IndiaMumbai

Gol GharPatna (Bihar)

Golconda FortHyderabad (A.P)

Hajratbal MasjidSri Nagar (Kashmir)

Harmandir SahibPatna (Bihar)

Hauz KhasDelhi

HumayunDelhi

Jagannath TemplePuri (Orrisa)

Jama MasjidAgra (U.P)

Jama MasjidDelhi

Jantar MantarDelhi & Jodhpur

Jodhpur FortJodhpur (Raj)

JunagarhBikaner (Raj)

Kakaria LakeAhmemdabad

Kali TempleKolkata (W.B)

Kandaria MahadevKhajurao (M.P)

KanheriMumbai

Khas MahalAgra (U.P)

Khirki MasjidDelhi

Laxman JhulaRisjikesh (Uttarakhand)

Laxman TempleChhatarpur (M.P)

Laxmi Narayan TempleDelhi

Madan PalaceJabalpur

Mecca MasjidHyderabad (AP)

Moti MasjidDelhi Fort

Moti MasjidAgra (U.P)

Mrignayani PalaceGwalior ( M.P)

Nahargarh FortJaipur (Raj)

Nakhuda MasjidKolkata (W.B)

Nishaat BaghJammu- Kashmir

Old Fort (Purana Quila)Delhi

Padari Ki HaveliPatna (Bihar)

Patthar Ki MasjidPatna (Bihar)

Patthar Ki MasjidJammu-Kashmir

Pichhola LakeUdaipur

President HouseDelhi

Prince of Wales MuseumMumbai

Qutub MinarDelhi

Rani Ki BadiBundi (Raj)

Red FortDelhi

Sabarmati AshramAhmedabad

Safderjung ka MaqbaraDelhi

Shalimar Bagh (Garden)Sri Nagar

Shanti NiketanW.Bengal

Sheesh MahalAgra (U.P)

Sher ShahSasaram (Bihar)

Shershahi MadjidPatna (Bihar)

St. George FortChennei (T.N)

Sun TempleKonark (Orissa)

Sunset PointMount Abu (Raj)

Taj MahalAgra (U.P)

TughlakabadDelhi

Ummed PalaceJodhpur (Raj)

Victoria MemorialKolkata (W.B)

Vijay Stambh (Victory Tower)Chittorgarh (Raj)

Vishnupad TempleGaya (Bihar)

Cheif Election Commissioners of India

Sukumar Sen21 March 1950-19 December 1958

K.V.K. Sundaram20 December 1958-30 September 1967

S.P. Sen Verma1 October 1967-30 September 1972

Dr Nagendra Singh1 October 1972-6 February 1973

T. Swaminathan7 February 1973-17 June 1977

S.L. Shakdhar18 June 1977-17 June 1982

R.K. Trivedi18 June 1982-31 December 1985

R.V.S. Peri Sastri1 January 1986-25 November 1990

Smt V.S. Rama Devi26 November 1990-11 December 1990

T.N. Seshan12 December 1990-11 December 1996

M.S. Gill12 December 1996-13 June 2001

J.M. Lyngdoh14 June 2001-7 February 2004

T.S. Krishna Murthy8 February 2004-15 May 2005

B.B. Tandon16 May 2005-07 February 2006

N. Gopalaswamy8 February 2006 - 30 April 2009

Navin Chawla2-May-09