General InformationGeneral Information

(1). Synarthrosis• Immovable joints

(2). Amphiarthrosis • Slightly moveble

(3). Diarthrosis• Freely moveable

Functional Classification of Joints Functional Classification of Joints

Structural Classification – Fibrous Joints

• (1). Sutures– Skull– Dense fibrous CT– Synostosis

• (2). Syndesmoses– distal tibiofibular – Interosseous membrane

• (3). Gomphoses – “peg in socket”– Teeth and alveolar processes

Structural Classification – Cartilaginous Joints

• (1). Synarthroses • Sutures • Teeth and alveolar processes • Epiphyseal plate

• (2). Amphiarthroses• Joint between tibia and fibula • Pubic symphysis

• (3). Diarthroses • Synovial joints (knee, hip, shoulder)

Examples Examples

Structural Classification – Synovial Joints • (1). Synovial Cavity

– Between articulating bones

• (2). Hyaline Cartilage– Ends of bones

• (3). Capsule– Encloses synovial cavity – Fibrous (outer); synovial

membrane (inner)

• (4). Synovial Fluid– Contents – Functions

• (5). Accessory Ligaments – Extracapsular and Intracapsular – Menisci

Synovial Joints (6). Nerve and Blood

Supply

(7). Bursae– CT with synovial membrane– Synovial-like fluid

(8). Tendon Sheaths– Tube-like bursae – wrap tendons

Bursitis

• 1. Non-axial • Slipping only• Example: Intercarpal joint

• 2. Uniaxial• Movement in one plane • Example: Hinge (elbow)

• 3. Biaxial • Movement in two planes • Example: Saddle Joint (carpometacarpal joint)

• 4. Multiaxial • Movement in all planes • Example: Ball and Socket (shoulder, hip)

Joint Movements Joint Movements

Synovial Joint Types • (1). Planar

– Gliding movements – Non-axial

– Examples • Intercarpal; intertarsal • Sternoclavicular

• (2). Hinge – Hinge – type movement – Uniaxial

– Examples • Knee, elbow, ankle

Synovial Joint Types

• (3). Pivot– Uniaxial – Example

• Atlas and axis joint

• (4). Condyloid– Biaxial – Example

• Wrist

Synovial Joints

• (5). Saddle Joints– Biaxial

– Examples • carpometacarpal

• (6). Ball and Socket– Multiaxial

– Examples • Shoulder, hip