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Example pageStructure of presentation
Development agenda
General background
Problems
Intervention and solutions: 4 case studies
Odi Moretele: Landfill sites (waste dumps)
Durban Metro Waste
Durban Metro Sanitation education
Ungwavuma: Education programme
Lessons learned
Conclusion
Impumelelo awards
Impumelelo identification of projects that work towards these effects
Reduce poverty in South Africa
Best practices that improve the lives of poor
This presentation looks at 5 selected award projects in the Waste and Sanitation Sector
Participation by ordinary citizens, in decisions that impact on their everyday life is at the core of democracySouth Africa’s transformation has brought with it a flurry of legislation aimed to facilitate this participation The objective is to deepen democracy & to improve the living standards of the poor.
The methodology at a glanceThe problem at a glance
• An estimated 15% of clinics & 12% of schools also lack sanitation
Facts Two
•18 million South Africans households lack adequate sanitation facilities•76% of these people are in rural areas • the majority use the bucket, traditionallyunimproved pit toilets or the veld
Facts One
Many factors have contributed to these appalling statistics, primarily a lack of institutional arrangementsresulting from South Africa’s divided political past, scarcity of water and geographical mismatch of demand & supply for water
The methodology at a glanceThe problem at a glance continued …...
• 1.5 million cases reported ofdihorrea in cases of children underthe age of 5 years of age
Facts FourFacts Three
The most defining element of poverty is health: resulting in diahorrea, scabies, gastro-interitis etc
4 case studies offer practical solutions
Legislative framework
White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation, 2001
•Sanitation improvement must be demand responsive and supported by intensive Health & Hygiene Programme
•Community participation
•Health for all, rather than All for some
•Focus to date is on water bourne sewage and sanitation and not landfill and solid waste
What can we learn from others?
1. Odi Moretelelandfill project
4 case studies
5. Ingwavuma education
programme
3. Durban education
programme
4. Durban solid waste project
Transformation: waste dump to organised site
Ga-RankuwaMabopaneTemba
Poor condition of waste dumps: local government and housing in Mbatho took iniative to upgrade landfill sites in a creative way that was people responsive - driven by one individual
Transformation: waste dump to organised site
Income generating recycling activitiesNotions of ownership and responsible citizenshipOrganisation capabilities of committees strengthenedLearnt experience of co-ordination between NGO’s (Sisters of Mercy, Muslim Foundation, Sisters of Charity, Private operators and community structures
Poor condition of waste dumps: local government and housing in Mbatho took iniative - driven by one individual in local government
Transformation: human value
Jobless scavengers to workers who are salvagers and have a place in society
In summary
Partnerships
• local government
• NGO
• private operators
• community structures
• community
Health & hygiene improved
Cost effective waste volume reduction
Problem ……..
•Municipal boundaries include areas where there are sub standard services
•Budgets have not been increased
•Problem is how to provide services of the same standard to 180 000 more households
Local government restructuring
Vast areas which were dirty and which had history of services from province which were minimum standards
Operationalise new workload ……...
23 contractors service 180 000 households
Umlazi, Lamontville, Chesterville, Cato Crest, New Dunbar, Inanda, Ntuzuma, Welbedacht and Kwa Mashu
Cleaning in township areas is co-operative relationship between Durban Solid Waste, Keep Durban Beautiful, Mtshali Sipamla Association and Munitech Joint Venture (engineers), Contractors and Waste Management Task Groups
Job creation and poverty alleviation
Income generating: 800 jobs createdEmerging contractors have pty/ltd or cc business entitiesHouses cleaned at R14 per household
We don’t want to stay emerging forever
Problem ……..
•Poor hygiene
•High costs of maintenance due to blockages
•High costs due to vandalism
•No buy-in from communities
•Health and hygiene hazards
No awareness or education
Residents unaware of their role in management of sanitation
Sanitation and educator programme
Mosveld responds to inadequate health services in area
5 hospitals in area (each with between 8 - 10 clinics)
Hygiene problems, diarrhoea, cholera and gastro problems
Linked to sanitation - not washing hands, not using toilets
Sanitation and educator programme for students
Sanitation programme Water a real problem: dig water from mud in the ground ….also people selling water
Collaboration between NGO, community & hospital staff
1000 toilets have been built in dwellings
30 learners per pit
Provision of pit latrines at the schools
Clinics upgrade and identification of community needs: count/census
Struggle as funds reduced: most schools don’t have toilet facilities or water
Educator programme
Main objective: to educate students and to keep them in the area
2 open days a year at the hospital for schools (teachers and schools inspectors) and community
Educate teachers and learners to take Higher Grade subjects
Educate about aspects of medical service
4 students taken per year
The students sign a contract and give back in time their years of bursary
School & community involvement Learners need exposure to hospital at early age
Amakosi is involved. He gets R1 from each householdPrivate sector: companies approached (audit important)Medical Association for Black South Africans (MEBSA) involved -mentorship with students
Collaboration between NGO (Amref), community (Nkosi, sanitaiton committee), hospital staff, schools
Mosveld initiator and supports other hospitals but Bethseda now stands on own feet
Requires co-operative relationship with Department of Education
Open day starts with Std 8: expose learners at an earlier age
Students find it difficult:coming from a rural area into university in a city environment: political pressures, recreational and so forth
Understaffing at clinics: nurses going overseas - provide incentives for staff
Huge area and staff limited Must be people you can rely on. Think of a man looking for a wife or a wife taking a husband.
136 community health officers in the three districts) who teach hygiene and health
Teach to be self sufficient as there is not capacity to be taken care of by others
No jobs: gardens important form of nutrition
Also adequate mother/child care
Nutrition, hygiene, immunisation
General problems
• Unemployed always remain unemployed and unemployable: mostly were employed or some history of employment: are they first in the line?
• More communication and interaction with the community: story of dead animals, of trashing pavement etc
• Lack of support of the community for the project
General
Three themes that emerge from these case studies
1) Co-operative relationships between local authorities and communities
2) Private/public partnerships
3) Sustainability: problems and solutions
Beware of ……...
• Community structures: counsellors, council structures but dangers here too:
– patron/client relationships– family/friends– marginlisation of disabled– experience of jobs for youth but
preferred age 25 - 40
– Sustainability: building in long term rather than short term contracts
– Sanitation committee in Ingwavuba disbanded: threat to tribal authorities
– Contractors task team committee disbanded: threat to councillors
– Choice of business models: Pty versus cc. The Pty obtains better credit. Co-operative: works if real co-operative but not an employer as is sometimes the case
Selection criteria
With high unemployment and competition for scarce job, selection criteria is important
How to get around jealousies: egtask teams that are respected might be threat to councillors or tribal authorities: be aware of these
The methodology at a glanceLessons learnt
Lesson four
Co-operation between departments & spheres of government
(eg Department of Education and Health in case of Mosveld)
Co-operation between NGO’s, private sector and community structures key to success
With community structures, have intermediary between councillors and community: eg sanitation task team
Ensure that job creation projects are not
hijacked by politics
Lesson five Lesson six
Extend workers role tobecome educators
Sustainability depends on building human skills and strengthening social networks
Lessons learnt continued
Lesson one
Co-operative relationships between community structures and local authorities as well as community.
Special attention to tribal authorities, councillors: political authority
Role of the state: UIF, workers compensation, protective clothing
Lesson two Lesson three
Training in all aspects to build on interactive teaching techniques, theatre, humourSelf reliance to empowerEducators to hand over and teach community how to become educators