Anatomical terminology

By:

prof Manal El-sawaf

(MBBCh.MSc.MD)

Introduction

What is meant by anatomy?

The science concerned with the form and structure of the human body

How to study anatomy?

1. Regional anatomy

2. Systemic anatomy

Head &neck

thorax

abdomen

upper

lower

Anatomical terminology

a. Terms of position

b. Terms of direction

c. Terms of movement

Standing in erect positionThe eyes looking forward

The arms by the sides of the trunkThe palms facing forwardThe feet close together

Body planes

•Vertical planes: •Transverse horizontal)

sagittalcoronal

midsagittal

parasagittal

Divides the body into Right & left

Note:

Sagittal planes

midsagittal parasagittal

)mediane plane)Connects:

Anterior median line& Poaterior median line

Any vertical plane Parallel to the mediane

Plane on either side Of the body

Divides the body into Anterior & posterior

Divides the body into upper &lower

Terms of direction

SuperiorUpperCranial

cephalic

Inferior Lowercaudal

DorsalPosterior

Toward the back

VentralAnterior

Toward the front

Medial x lateral

Superficial )external(X deep )internal(

Proximal x distal

Palmer x dorsum ) hand(

Planter x dorsum )foot(

Ipsilateral x contralateral

Supine x prone

Medial x lateral

1 2

Ipsilateral x contralateral

1 2

3

Superficial )external(X deep )internal(

Proximal x distal

1

2

•Palmar

•dorsum

plantar

dorsum

In limbs

ulnarradialtibial

fibular

Terms of movements

Flexion x extension

Abduction x adduction

Lateral rotation )external rotation(X medial )internal rotation(

Pronation x supination

Eversion x inversion

Protraction x retraction

Flexion: the movement of bendingUsually toward the ventral surface.

Example: in the elbowAnterior surface of a distal segment moves toward

That of a proximal one

Exceptions of flexion

At shoulderAt thumbAt kneeAt ankleAt trunk

The opposite of flexion withStraightening of the joint

Abduction: to draw the limb

away from the median plane in the frontal

plane

Adduction:To bring the limbBack towrds theMedian plane at The side of the

body

Exceptions of abduction

thumb fingers

•Movement of a part around its long axis

Circumduction

Moving like a cone with the distal part part moves

in a circle and proximal part as a pivot.

•Turning the palm downwards &upwards in horizontal forearm or backwards &

forwards in sided forearm

Turning the sole of the footInward and outward respectively

Protraction x retraction

:to move forward and backward

Example:

mandible