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General Anatomical Structures in Your Dog
Arranged as • Sensory structures• Vital organs• Skeletal structures
Each organized by• Anatomy• Physiology• Healthcare• Diseases
Models provided by Banfieldphotographs and descriptionsprovided by http://peer.tamu.eduCollege of Veterinary MedicineTexas A & M University
NCRR GK12
EAR
Vertical Canal
Pinna (flap)
TemporalisMuscle
Ear Drum
Ossicles
Tympanic Bulla
AuricularCartilage
HorizontalCanal
Middle Ear Cavity
EAR
• Thousands of tiny hairs inside your pet’s ear vibrate when sound is present. This allows for the sense of hearing.
EAR
Sound causes the tympanic membrane in the external ear canal to move inward and outward. This causes the tiny bones in the middle ear to vibrate. Movement of the oval window generates pressure waves in the inner ear. This causes microscopic hairs on hair cells in the inner ear to bend. This ultimately results in the auditory nerve sending signals to the brain and thus, sound is perceived.
• Ears must be kept clean to prevent opportunistic diseases and hearing loss.
EAR
• Ear mites and yeast infections are common in our four-legged friends.
EAR
EYE
Blood Vessels
VitreousBody
AnteriorChamber
Ciliary bodyOccular Muscle
Retina
Optic Disk
Pupil
Lens
Cornea
Iris
EYE
Occular Muscles
The cornea and lens focus light on the retina. The rods and cones in the retina respond to this light and ultimately signal the ganglion cells to send information via the optic nerve to visual centers in the brain.
• Keep your pet’s eyes clean to prevent infections.– Trim the hair around your pet’s eyes.– Make sure the corners of your pet’s
eyes are mucus-free.– Apply protective ophthalmic ointment
before applying insecticides or bathing.
EYE
• Cataracts occur when the lens loses opacity. Light no longer is transmitted to the retina correctly. This leads to vision loss.
EYE
HAIRHair Shaft
Epidermis
SebaceousGland
Flea
HairFollicle
Apocrine SweatGland Nerve
SarcoptesMite
Demodex Mite
HAIR
• Hair functions as a protective layer, a warming layer and sometimes (like whiskers) hair is used to feel touch.
HAIR
• Your pet’s hair must be kept clean just like yours. Tangles or mats in your animal’s hair can lead to infection of the skin below.
HAIR
• Demodex mites cause a condition called mange as they eat your hair at the base.
HAIR
NAILOuter Nail
Quick(Blood vessel & nerve)
Bone
NAIL
• Nails are used for gripping, hunting and fighting.
NAIL
• All pets, especially those who stay indoors should have their nails clipped regularly.
NAIL
• Nail cracking is common injury to your pet’s nails, and it often occurs when your pet’s nails get too long. Cracked nailed are painful and can lead to infection.
NAIL
TEETHCrown
DentinalWall
Neck
RootFurcation
Periodontal Space
RootApex Bone
Loss
Loss of Enamel
Periodontal Disease
Nerve RootInflammation
Root
AlveolarBone (jaw)
Pulp Cavity
TEETH
• Teeth break down food into digestible pieces.
TEETH
• Your pet’s teeth must be kept clean (just like yours) to prevent disease.
TEETH
• Periodontal disease is an infection around the teeth which can cause your animal’s teeth to fall out.
TEETH
HEART
Right Atrium
Aorta
Pulmonery Artery
Left Atrium
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
InterventricularSeptum
Heartworms
Right Ventricle
TricuspidValve
HEART
The heart is the most important muscle in the body. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. This oxygenated blood then returns to the heart and is then pumped by the left ventricle pumps to the rest of the body.
• To maintain a healthy heart your pet (as well as you) must get plenty of exercise.
HEART
• Heartworms come from mosquitoes and they invade the heart and can lead to heart failuire.
HEART
KIDNEY
Healthy Tissue
Renal Vein Renal Artery
Renal Pelvis
Diseased Tissue
Capsule
Cortex
Medulla Calix
Ureter
KIDNEY
The kidney is one of the most important organs in the body. Besides eliminating waste products from the body, the kidneys regulate water balance, the composition of blood, blood pressure and blood volume.
• Be sure your pet is drinking plenty of water and staying away from toxic chemicals.
KIDNEY
• Kidney stones can occur when there is too much minerals in your pet’s diet.
KIDNEY
HIPSFemoral Neck Acetabulum Rim
FemoralHead
Dysplasia/Arthritis
Femur
GreaterTrochanter
HIPS
HIPS
• The hip is a ball and socket joint which aids in leg movement.
HIPS
The hip is a ball and socket joint which aids in leg movement. Bones serve as a point of attachment for muscles and thus provide animals with the ability to move. In addition, bones serve as a storehouse for calcium and a site for producing red blood cells. Calcium is essential for muscles and nerves to function properly. Red blood cells are required for transporting oxygen.
• To decrease your pet’s risk of developing arthritis:– Make sure your pet is eating a well-
balanced diet– Do not allow your pet to become
overweight– Keep your pet warm– Keep your pet from injury– Make sure your pet gets plenty of
exercise
HIPS
• Arthritis occurs commonly in dogs and horses. Bone rubbing against bone leads to massive inflammation.
HIPS
PatellaCranial Cruciate LigamentFemur
MedialMeniscus
MedialMeniscus
PatellarLigament
TibiaFibula
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Lateral Meniscus
KNEE
KNEE
KNEE
KNEE
The knee is a high-motion high-stress joint in an animal’s leg. Joints provide a means for bending of extremities and also serve as a means to cushion the forces between bones.
• Make sure your pet gets daily exercise and maintains a healthy weight to prevent damage to the knee joint. Strengthening and stretching muscles around the knee joint will also help prevent injury.
KNEE
• A cranial crutiate ligiment (CCL) tear is a common injury. This results in the joint being unstable.
KNEE
SPINE
Spinal Cord
Intervertebral Disk
Spinal NerveVertebra
Herniated Disc
SPINE
Herniated Disc
• The vertebra provide protection for the spinal cord. Spinal nerves pass between adjacent vertebra. These nerves send signals from the various parts of the body to the brain and also send signals from the brain to activate muscles.
• Make sure your pet maintains a healthy body weight and gets daily moderate exercise.
• Use a chest harness instead of attaching a leash to a buckle collar which can jerk the neck suddenly.
• Train your pet to avoid sudden jerking movements that can stress the spine (such as jumping off furniture).
SPINE
• A herniated disc can put pressure on your pet’s spinal cord. This can lead to paralysis.
SPINE
This has been General Anatomical
Structures in Your Dog
Models provided by Banfieldphotographs and descriptionsprovided by http://peer.tamu.eduCollege of Veterinary MedicineTexas A & M University
See http://peer.tamu.edu/vets.htm for for ready to use presentations for ready to use presentations for veterinarians and follow-up lessons for veterinarians and follow-up lessons for teachers to present in classroomsteachers to present in classrooms
http://peer.tamu.edu/VBB/AnimalResearch.asp
Find it on the web!http://peer.tamu.edu/VBB/Summary.asp
or http://peer.tamu.edu/vets.htm