Gene Regulation

04/19/23

DNA Binding Proteins

• Histones• Sequence specific• DNA major grove• Homodimeric• Inverted repeats

04/19/23

Negative Control of Transcription

• Operator• Operon

• Enzyme Repression• Repressor• Corepressor

04/19/23

Induction• Inducer

04/19/23

Positive Control of Transcription

• Positive Control

• Activator Protein

• Inducer - Effector

• Operon

• Regulon

04/19/23

Two Component Regulation

• Signal Transduction• Sensor Kinase• Histidine kinase• Response Regulator• 50 in E. coli

04/19/23

Quorum Sensing

• Population density

• Autoinducers

• Biolumunescence

• Virulence

• Chemotaxis

04/19/23

Global Controls

• Catabolite repression• Glucose effect• Diauxic growth• Catabolite Repressor

Protein• cAMP

• Stringent Response• Heat shock proteins

04/19/23

Regulation of Bacterial Development

• Sporulation

• 4 Sigma Factors

• Cellular cannibalism

• Caulobacter Life cycle

04/19/23

Myxobacteria04/19/23

RNA-based Regulation

•Noncoding RNA•sRNA•40-400 nucleotides•Antisense RNA•Anti-gene

•Riboswitches04/19/23

Attenuation

04/19/23

• Attenuator

• Leader Sequence

04/19/23

04/19/23

Regulation of Gene Expression

Constitutive Isozymes Corepressor

Enzymes Covalent Operator

Regulation of Modification Operon

Enzyme Regulation of Repression

Activity Transcription Repressor

Feedback Enzyme Protein

Inhibition Induction Negative Control

Allosteric Site Inducer Operator04/19/23

Gene Expression 2

Negative DNA Binding Catabolite

Control Proteins Repression

Positive Attenuation Catabolite

Control Leader Activator

Activator Sequence Protein

Protein Attenuator cAMP

Regulon Global Control Quorum

Histones Diauxic Growth Sensing04/19/23

Gene Expression 3

Other Global Signal Antisense

Controls Transduction mRNA

Alternative 2-Component Triple DNA

Sigma Factors Regulation

Proteases Sensor Kinases

Chaperonin Response

Regulator

Chemotaxis04/19/23

Gen Expression

• Constitutive Enzymes

not Regulated• Most Enzymes Can

Have Their Activity Regulated

• Feedback Inhibition

04/19/23

Other Global Controls

• Quorum Sensing

• Alternative Sigma Factors

• Proteases

• Chaperonin

04/19/23

Others

Chemotaxis

Antisense RNA

Triple DNA

04/19/23

Allosteric Sites

04/19/23

Isozymes

• Covalent Modification04/19/23