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a presentation about gene mutations
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Gene mutation
What are gene mutations?
• Permanent changes in DNA molecule
Mutation
Gene mutations can be:
• Inherited• Acquired
Inharated mutations
• Germline mutations• De novo mutations
Germline mutations
• Passed from parent to child• Most common germline mutations are:Cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome (the most common)
Cri du chat – Call of the cat; Cat – cry
Haemophilia
• Name origins from Greek language:haima – bloodphilia – love
New mutations – De novo mutations
• Occur only in egg or sperm cell• Child with disorder has no family history od
the disease
De novo mutations cause:
• Familiar adenomatus polyposis• Multiple endocrine neoplasia• Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma
Acquired mutations
• Somatic mutations• Occur in DNA of individual cells
Environmental factors
• Mutagens• Increase the rate of mutation• They are:
Cosmic raysVirusesAtomic radiationDrugsTobaccoPesticidesAsbestosSoot
Polymorphisms
• ,,Often’’ mutations
Keywords
gene mutations – genske mutacijeinherited – nasledjenoacquired – stečenogermline mutations – nasledne mutacijedisorder – poremećajsomatic cell – somatska ćelijamutagens – mutageni
Questions
1. Next statement is true or false?Gene mutations are reversible.
2. How do gene mutations occur?3. What are most common germline mutations?4. Somatic mutations can be caused by…?5. Name some mutagens.