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Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

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Page 1: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

Gendered Lives

Chapter 1

The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

Page 2: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• A. Expanded Knowledge of Gender, Communication, Culture

•1. Only the last 20 years…

•2. 110,000

I. Communication, Gender, and Culture as an Area of

Study

Page 3: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 1. Learning about communication, gender, and culture:

• a. Help you understand and critique gendered patterns of interaction

• b. Enhances insight into own gender

• c. Strengthens effectiveness as a communicator

B. The Value of Studying Communication, Gender, &

Culture

Page 4: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• A. On one level•1. Think women and men equal

• B. On another level•1. May hold traditional views

•It depends on your frame of reference

• C. Thoughts vs. Actions

II. Gender In a Transitional Era

Page 5: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• A. Are men and women really that different??

• B. Several variables influence us such as:

• C. Essentializing•Presume all members of sex

alike

III. Differences Between Women & Men

Page 6: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• Gender, culture, communication interlinked

• Cannot study one without understanding other two

IV. Relationships among Gender, Culture, &

Communication

Page 7: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 1. Sex = designation based on biology

• 2. Gender = socially constructed and expressed•a. Sex and gender usually go

together•b. Can be inconsistent

A. Sex

Page 8: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 3. Male or female based on external genitalia and internal sex organs•a. Genitalia and sex markers

determined by chromosomes•XX•XY

A. Sex

Page 9: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 4. Hormones influence development

•a. Fetuses with Y bathed in androgens (Development of male sex organs)

•b. Fetuses without Y - fewer androgens (Development of female sex organs)

A. Sex

Page 10: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 5. Influence of hormones continues throughout lifetime•a. Males more sensitive to

hormonal activity

• 6. Biology influences how we develop but doesn’t determine behavior or personality

A. Sex

Page 11: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 7. Some people are born with biological characteristics of each sex

•a. Traditionally called hermaphrodites

•Today the term intersexed is preferred

A. Sex

Page 12: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• RECAP:

•Born male or female (sex)•Learn to act masculine and/or

feminine (gender)•Gender changes over time

B. Gender

Page 13: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 1. Gender depends on a society’s values, and varies from culture to culture• In America

•Masculine = strong, successful, rational, emotionally controlled

•Feminine = attractive, nurturing, deferential, expressive

B. Gender

Page 14: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 2. Gender is learned• 3. We do not passively receive

gender • 4. Gender is not stable

•Gender queer•Androgynous•Transgendered•Transexual

B. Gender

Page 15: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 5. Relational concept•Femininity and masculinity make

sense in relation•Meanings of gender are also

changed by:•Personal communication•Role models•Interactions with friends

• As meanings of one changes – so do meanings of the other

B. Gender

Page 16: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 1. Culture = structures, institutions, practices that reflect and uphold social order•Upheld by defining certain

groups, values, expectations, as good

C. Culture

Page 17: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 2. Surrounded by communication that announces social views of gender

• 3. Global variations•Mead (1968)•Hofstede http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-

dimensions/masculinity/

• 4. Western culture is patriarchal•Pre and Post Industrial Revolution•5. Ethnic variations

C. Culture

Page 18: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 1. Communication is dynamic•Continually changes, evolves•No beginnings or endings

D. Communication

Page 19: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 2. Communication is systemic•Culture has the largest impact

on how we communicate• 3. All aspects of communication

are interlinked•Influenced by how we feel•Time of day, etc. may be

influence

D. Communication

Page 20: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 4. Communication has two levels:•a. Content level of meaning

•Literal meaning•b. Relationship level of meaning

•Tell how to interpret content and how communicators see themselves in relationship

D. Communication

Page 21: Gendered Lives Chapter 1 The Study of Communication, Gender & Culture

• 5. Meanings created through interaction with symbols•Humans symbol-using

creatures•Have to think to figure out what

symbol means•Symbols can be ambiguous

•More than one meaning

D. Communication