Gender History (2)

7/26/2019 Gender History (2)

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GENDER HISTORY

Gender historyis a sub-field of historyand genderstudies, which looks at the past fo! the pespecti"e ofgender# It is in !an$ wa$s, an out%owth of wo!en&s

history# The discipline consides in what wa$shistoricale"ents and peiodi'ation i!pact wo!en

diffeentl$ fo! !en#


2/13

(O)EN IN *ENG+ HISTORY

Histoians of ealie

peiods did not efe

!uch to wo!en

e.cept na!es ofcetain /ueens and

so!e o$al fe!ale

!e!bes# That e"en

in connection with!ale powe#


3/13

(O)EN O0 *ENG+ IN THE

T(E0TH 1ENT2RY

Info!ation about wo!en be%an to co!e

inceasin%l$ fo! the twelfth centu$ with the

co!in% of the Sena ules# These wee !ostl$

found in the litea$ souces# Thou%h details ae!issin% but efeences in connection with pe-

pubet$ !aia%e of bides with bide%oo!s

thee ti!es thei a%e, pe%nanc$, bith, tonsue

and na!in% ae found# It appeas that so!ewo!en of uppe class fa!ilies wee liteate but

the$ had little autono!$ in the fa!il$#


4/13

Status of wo!an in the Sena

3eiod 0o! "aious souces it appeas that wo!en duin% this

peiod not onl$ did not ha"e an$ feedo!, but the$ didnot ha"e e"en an$ le%al i%ht o social status, and couldnot inheit popet$ e.cept widows in special cases#

Howe"e, it was onl$ the wo!en of uppe class who!aintained pudah but wo!en of co!!on class did %oout fo wokin% in "aious places especiall$ in the field#Howe"e, no info!ation is a"ailable about wo!en4spaticipation in econo!ic poduction and the i!pact of

chan%es in cops and co!!ece on thei life# (idows wee consideed inauspicious, pohibited fo!

attendin% cee!onies and encoua%ed to pefo! Sati#


5/13

(o!en Duin% )usli! Rule

Duin% the eal$ ule of the)usli!s the wo!en e!ainedcaste- bound# 0o! thesi.teenth centu$ wo!enfi%ued with so!e po!inence

in the liteatue especiall$ inconnection with the stoies ofRa!a$ana and tales of5ishna# In these litea$ woksand de"otional son%s wo!enwee pota$ed as heoines as

well as ob6ects and sub6ects ofdesie#


6/13

Si 1haitan$a4s Ti!e789:;-

8 Si 1haitan$a initiated

both !en and wo!en andhistoians ha"eintepeted this as apeiod when the status ofwo!an i!po"ed# (o!enfo! espectable fa!iliestook pat in 5itanpefo!ances, so!eta"eled lon% distances as

pil%i!s and a few wo!eninitiated disciples# The)an%al ka"$a of thispeiod tell us so!ethin%about wo!en4s life#


7/13

)u%hal 3eiod

The )u%hal ule did notchan%e !uch the life ofwo!an of *en%al# + chan%eca!e when the )u%hal ulesand thei followes !aied

local %ils as well as keptfe!ale sla"es fo householdwoks#+bduction of Hinduwo!an featued in histoicalwoks# ?iolence a%ainstwo!en continued and %il child

!aia%e was a no!alpheno!enon#


8/13

)u%hal Rule

Education @ +lthou%h thee wee so!e Hindu%ils who attended 3athsalas and liteate wo!enwee known fo thei eudition, an$ fo!aleducation fo wo!en was absent# Supestitions

stopped educatin% %il child# (idows in !an$cases $oun% %ils continued thei lon% life in%eat !ise$ without pope food o dess#

*etween 8;thand 8:thcentu$ the Hindu wo!en

be%an to pactice pudah fo fea of abductionand %eate e!phasis on chastit$# )usli!wo!en also suffeed fo! custo!s such aspol$%a!$ and seclusion#


9/13

*itish 3eiod

The *itish ule bou%ht

chan%es in all walks of

life in India# Eal$ in the

8Athcentu$, the wo!an

/uestion beca!e centalto discussions about

Indian ci"ili'ation and

influential *itish wites

efeed to the teat!entof wo!en in conde!nin%

Indian eli%ions, cultue

and societ$ as infeio#


10/13

Refo! )o"e!ent

+t this ti!e !an$ Indians especiall$ educatedHindus of 5olkata be%an to /uestion !an$ of thee.istin% custo!s and i%id wa$s of life in Hindu

Societ$, poposin% to efo! the!# The topicssuch as Sati, child-!aia%e, widowhood,pol$%a!$ and pohibitions on educationdo!inated the discussion on wo!en#

Refo! !o"e!ents led b$ Ra6a Ra!!ohunRo$, Iswa 1handa ?id$asa%a and othescul!inatin% in the pohibition of Sati in 8:BA, andwidow e!aia%e +ct was passed in 8:


11/13

(o!an Education

0e!ale educationhowe"e ecei"ed thehi%hest attention# Till the8Athcentu$ %ils wee

%i"en so!e info!aleducation and wo!eneducation was elated topactical !attes# So!ewo!en of uppe classes

wee %i"en lessons ineadin% eli%ious books#So!e also leant keepin%accounts#


12/13

(o!en Education +!on% )usli!s

0o! ate nineteenth 1entu$ Education

a!on% )usli! Gils be%an

Nawab 0ai'unnessa 78:=9-8AC=>

established a Gils4 School at 1o!illah

*e%u! Roke$a- Shakwat Hussain 7 8::C-

8A=B>)e!oial Gils4 School in 5olkata


13/13

(O)+N IN *+NG+DESH

3ERIODGeat chan%es ha"e taken place

in the position of wo!an of

*an%ladesh since Independence#3olic$ of e!powe!ent of wo!en

is a %eat success#

Documents

Gender History (2)