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Hilda Rømer Christensen Co-ordination for Gender StudiesUniversity of Copenhagen
Gender dimensions in
research and education.
Challenges and lessons to be learned
Dias 2
Enhedens navn
Sted og dato
Scientific commitees, expertgroups etc
2004-2005.Styreleder (chair) at the Board of Nordisk Institut for Kvinde- og Kønsforskning, Oslo appointed by Nordisk Ministerråd./ Danish Minister of Equality, 2010-present: Sino- Danish University Centre, Beijing: Member of Scientific committee on Welfare and Innovation.
2013 – 2018: member of the EU/ FP 8/ HORIZON 2020: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions’ Advisory Group / appointed by the EU Commission.
2014 – 2018: member of the EU/ FP 8/ HORIZON 2020/ Advisory Group on Gender, appointed by the EU Commission.
2014 – present: member of the reference group for Horizon 2020 Transport, app. By the Danish research Council.
Management experiences international networks and projects:
2006-2007: Head of TRANSGEN. SSA project financed by the European Commission. FP 6. 2007-2011. Partner in FEMCIT. Integrated project financed by the European Commission/ FP6
2009-2012: Partner in SKILL-RAIL. European Rail programme. SSÅP/ EU FP 7 Programme .
2012-2015: Member of the EU COST Action: Gender, Science, Technology and Environment – gender STE.
2017-2019: Head of “ A New Nordic Model of Sustainable Transport for All? Gendering knowledge, methodology and innovation.” Nordic research Network financed by Nos-SH.
2018-2021: Partner/conceptual PI of TINNGO – HORIZON 2020 R and I project.
21/05/2019 4
Transgen – Gender MainstreamingTransport and mobility in the EU
https://koensforskning.soc.ku.dk/projekter/transgen/
Transport practices
Transport as a labour market
Decision making - politicsand research
Cultures and values
• TINNGO: Transport innovation gender observatory
EU horizon 2020 project
2018-2021
17 partners
Focus
Gender sensitive challenges, needs and
Gender smart mobility
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Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
What is needed?
1. Researchers: need to learn advancedmethods of sex-gender analysis
2. Universities need to incorporate thesemethods in their curriculum
3. Corporations: integrate these insights intoproduct design - gendered innovations
Dias 7
Enhedens navn
Sted og dato
Depart from gendered innovations/Londa Schiebinger
focus of presentation:
1. concepts: What is gender/ sex gender analysis?
2. Good practice: research directory and Gender certificate as good practice
3. Cases/projects of gendered innovations
Energy, food, transport.
21/05/2019 8
What is gender….
”gender” shall mean the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes of women and men.”
•It is nonsense. Men are
•men and women are women.
•There might be a certain kind
•or social influence, but
•nontheless we are the
•genders, we are born with.
Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
What is gender….
”gender” shall mean the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes of women and men.”
Article 3 Definitions: Council of Europe Convention on prevention and combating violence against women and domestic violence:
It is nonsense. Men are
men and women are women.
There might be a certain kind
or social influence, but
nontheless we are the
genders, we are born with.
Pia Adelsteen-
spokeswomen for gender equality,
Danish People’s Party
Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
Sex-Gender analysis – dynamic and flexible.
Sex refers to biological qualities
characteristic of women /females
and men / males I
reproductive organs and functions based
on chromosomal complement and
physiology. As such, sex is globally
understood as the classification of living
things as male and female, and intersexed.
Gender – a socio-cultural
process – refers to cultural
and social attitudes that
together shape and sanction
“feminine” and “masculine”
behaviours, products,
technologies, environments,
and knowledge.
Sex/ gender analysis: is an umbrella term for the entire
research cycle that includes the integration of sex
and/or gender considerations from the setting of
research priorities through defining concepts,
developing methodologies, gathering and analysing data
to evaluating and reporting results and transferring
them to markets.
Dias 11
Enhedens navn
Sted og dato
Gendered innovations: http://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/
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Gender blind
innovation is
based on ”wrongassumptions”
- costs lives, money and wellbeing!
20th century Car culture –gender constructions
Gender research – directory
In DK 300 researchers in total
ca 100 at Ucop.
30 themes
Researchers in centres, institutions, projects etc.
Co-ordination is vital
Themes in gender research interdisciplinary and innovative …. But. …
Arts and social science most prominent.
weak gender research in i STEM disciplines science, technology, engineering life/ and health.
EU and DK – STEM discipines high priorities for growth and welfare .
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Total budget: 80 billion euro,ca. 600 milliarder danske kroner
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Horizon 2020 – temaer:
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Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
Fix the women? MSCA strategiy
Increase familyallowance/ possiblecareer start
All MSCA projects takemeasures to facilitatemobility and counter-act gender relatedbarriers
Equal opportunitiesensured for researchers and descision making/ supervision
women carrieerbreaks / 56 % men 24 %
women: + conflictsprofessional and private life.. / lower carrieertargets
Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
What is the problem? Gender Gaps ( 2006 graduates)
humanities (52% of women) social sciences and business law (47% of women) health and welfare(54% of women).agricultural and veterinary sciences (51% of women)On the contrary, the field of science, mathematics andcomputing 41 % womenengineering, manufacturing and construction 25 %
MSCA actions: / FP 7 evaluation
FP 7 12 % of MSCA actions in humanitiesand social sciences
Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
MSCA paradoxs - holy cows?
Support for emergingtalent
Open to all domains of research and innovation from basic research to market take up and innovation services
Research and innovation fields chosen freely by the applicants
Fully buttom up manner
Buttum up principles ???
Gender dimension –where??
Gendered innovations
Earmark budgets ???
Gender budgetting??
Sex-gender analysis as part of universitycurriculum – Copenhagen case..
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Gender certificate:
30 ects courses in gender and body themes
Gender cerfiticate plus:
30 ects courses ´+ MA thesis
Gender certificate practice
30 ects course + 1 term practice in institution etc.
Gender certificate requirements
• Open for all students from all faculties
• Choose from a catalogue of certified courses/ 25-35 per term
• Submit application/ approved by cross faculty board
• Signed certificate!
• Outreach/ external board
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Sex-gender analysis as part of University of Copenhagens curriculum and profile
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Copenhagen Summer University 2019:
Gender certificate for external experts/managers and decision-makers - 5 days course gender theory/methods/ case work
Future plan:
1 year MA for students + part time students.
gender certificate core courses
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Gendering quantitative methods and big data.
Gendered innovations with external partners
Gender and body dynamics. Introduction to concepts and theories.
projects
• Energy - ecape project
• Food
• Transport - tinngo project
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EU horizon 2020 - gender dimension food, energy and transport – lagging behind!
21/05/2019 26
co2 foot print – housing and transport - gender differences
SBi – 21/05/2019 29
Kirsten Gram-Hanssen ERC – advanced grant eCAPE: New Energy Consumer roles and smart technologies –Actors, Practices and Equality
The eCAPE project starts 1 November 2018 and runs for 5 years. eCAPE is financed by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. eCAPE received an ERC Advanced Grant worth 2.11 million Euro under the grant agreement number 786643. The project is led by Professor Kirsten Gram-Hanssen from the Danish Building Research Institute at AAU Copenhagen.
www.ecape.aau.dk
Gendering smart household technologies
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Three theoretical lines within theories of practice will be developed:
1.The importance of gender and social structures when studying household practices, including how these social structures influence formation of practices and how, in turn, social structures are formed by the development of practices.
2.The role of the ethical consumer in developing new practices, including how learning processes, media discourses and institutionalised knowledge influence formation of practices.
3.The inclusion of non-humans as carriers and performers of practices, rather than seeing the material arrangements only as the context for practices, especially when dealing with automated and internet connected technologies.
SBi – 21/05/2019 32
What to learn from gender studies related to home, technology and practices?
• Power is at stake
• Gender: Dualist thinking and how to overcome it
• Gender is co-constructed with space (e.g. suburban home=female; Urban public=male)
• Gender and technology are co-constructed
• Gender is significant (but not one-dimensional) for domestic practices
• Gender - together with class, nationality etc- is structuring for how we life, practice and understand
• We are socialized to our gender by discourses, politics, institutions and labor market
• It is possible both to un-do and re-do gender
(Mechlenborg and Gram-Hanssen, in writing process)
‘Gendered food practices and dietary health among socioeconomically disadvantaged
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‘Proper’ food under economic restraints: Gendered food practices and dietary health among socioeconomically disadvantagedprofessor Bente Halkier and Lotte Holm, University of Copenhagen
A study of the everyday life processes in ‘translating’ socioeconomicaldisadvantage into less healthier diets
RQ: “How are conditions and experiences of socioeconomic disadvantage enacted in food practices and in the handling of food related health discourses among Danish men and women?”
Subproject 1: Female food work, caregiving and dietary healthiness Women still cook majority of meals + expectation to be the food and health manager by default
Subproject 2: Masculine food practices, changing expectations and dietary healthiness
Men under-researched regarding food + new statistics suggest changes in their everyday relation with food
21/05/2019 34
Meet consumption – meet and masculinity…
• UN- FAO: Denmark no 1 in the world in terms of meatconsumtion per citizen
• DK: 145,9 kilo per person per year
• Greenland (113,8 kilo per år), Iceland (84,8 kilo per år), Sweden (76,1 kilo per år), Finland (67,4 kilo per år)
• Norway 61,7 kilo per år.
Food consumtion– gender differences
HORIZON2020
Mobility for Growth
MG-4-3-2018
Demographic change
and participation of
women in transport
Coventry University (Coordinator)
University of Copenhagen
VTI
Sboing
Ilmenau University of Technology
Integral Consulting R&D
Politechnico di Torino
Municipality of Alba Iulia
West Midlands Combined Authority
Signosis Sprl
VTM
….and more
36 monthsRIA
3.979.502 €
Tinngo departs from existing knowledge gaps
• Knowledge and policy gaps documented in:
1. Transgen: 2007 Gender mainstreaming European transport
and research – as presented and elaborated in the
Transgen project.
2. Eige report: Gender Equality and Climate Change ( 2012) –
which substantiated transport and sustainability as a vital
part of the European responses to the Beijing Platform of
Action/ Area K.
3. CIVITAS’ report ‘Gender Equality and Mobility: Mind the
Gap!’ (2014)..
21/05/2019 38
Tinngo smarting mobility research
1. Definitions. Smart mobility as including both social/ gender and tInnovations: technological aspects.
2. addressing cutting edge technologies such as smart biking and car sharing, as well as autonomous cars/vehicles.
3. Methodologies - using / developing various big data methodologies as generic models for smart transport planning.
4. Dissemination / and policy making: in the launching of Tinngo/ hubs laboratories
21/05/2019 39
20th century Car culture – gender gaps
Gendered differences in
Commute trip length
Number of trips
Type of trips
Travel time
Travel mode
Travel obstacles
Representation in politics, research and governance
Gender and transport SwedenTINNGO road map/wp 4 survey spring
2019
Tinngo road map/ survey 2019:
Transport ministers Europe 1945 ff254 in total - 23 women
strategies
1. gender equality in automobility? Include more women as drivers ?
2. Use women’s transport patterns as a model
3. New solutions – towards gender smart mobilities..
21/05/2019 45
Change if men travelled like women if women travelled like men..
TINNGO project: Media- topical modelling
Info media / or similar as a text corpus – machine readings
verify hypothesis e.g. men/autonomous cars/ women/ public transport, contextualized and
Visualized in word clouds
Mixed methods:
Distant reading: digital/ topical readings
+ close analysis: focus groups, interviews etc.
TINNGO project: Agent based modelling
Micro simulation scenarious / computer /or game?
e.g. city skylines develop ed/ or used as elicitor
and/or combined
Regression/ multivariable analysis ( combine various socio cultural categories)
21/05/2019 48
Whats the point? Gender specific data feedin to global and regional indexes
Sted og datoEnhedens navnDias
49
Transport from modern to smart..??
modern 20th century
Transport and car-culture key promoters of growth and wealth
BUT
Waste of public space, congestion, accident, air pollution, noise, diseases/ urban obesity/
Produced inequality
Smart 21.st century
Hopes and dreams..
reduction and mitigation of the negative impacts of transport. improve urban environment
BUT…..
21/05/2019 50
Autonomous cars – market appeal to men..
21/05/2019 51
TINNGO: Gender smart mobility – broad, inclusive and dynamic:
INCLUSIVE TRANSPORTATION
AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION:
EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION:
ATTRACTIVE TRANSPORTATION:
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION:
21/05/2019 52
Two cases of gender smart mobility
Mobike and shared biking – home grown Chinese innovation
The roller home grown Nordic innovation
Disruptive-gendered innovation
disruptive -gendered innovations should meet every day needs and create significant changes in terms of sustainable practices and gender equality.
21/05/2019 54
Gendered innovations
include sex/gender analysis in the innovation process
Gender, understood as a variety of forms and expressions
Cultural and biological
Gender should be reflected from conception of ideas, over design processes and methods
gender applied to the inclusion of gendered end users
the kitchen table perspective/ real life perspective important !
21/05/2019 55
Mobike founder and president…
“Bikes cannot only change people and cities, but also the world. It is not only the symbol of peace, but also a weapon to fight the climate Change.”
( Hu Weiwei, founder and president of Mobike on the reception of the UN Champion of the Earth award, UN Conference on Environment, Nairobi, December 2017)
21/05/2019 56
Can a young female journalist led her company to achieve her target, she won’t succeed”!
21/05/2019 57
Mobike as gendered innovation
Meet growing demand of urban (women) professionals with low salaries and no access to cars + broader middle class appeal
High tech – low tech. Mobike pioneers new technology and business models
gendered innovations enabled by the transition from industrial to digital modes of production“based on brain, rather than brawn, and on networks rather than a technical-professional hierarchy”.
21/05/2019 58
Shared biking – change of urban transport
21/05/2019 59
the roller: Nordic model of Gender smart mobility –
21/05/2019 60
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Francois Zimeray,French ambassador in Denmark, 2013:
• The roller which is so visible in the streets of Copenhagen, is a practical instrument, whichextends the active life for seniors with manyyears. We ought to introduce the roller in France.
• But it will take many decades to get Paris women to appear in public with such a practical devise. Then rather sit isolated in an appartment..
21/05/2019 63
The roller – smart is NOT always digital !
Real life + user driven innovation
Simple and accessible technology-
Disrupting ideas of old age and mobility
Links to ideas and practices of gender, welfare regimes, state and family
Social innovation in Belgium?
21/05/2019 64
Thanks for your attention!
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