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Gender as a Key Variable in Scaling Up Energy Access:
ENERGIA’s Approach to Gender Mainstreaming in Energy Projects
Soma Dutta
12 December 2011
ENERGIAInternational Network on
Gender and Sustainable Energy
Rationale
• Attention to gender issues in energy projects can improve development effectiveness and improve project efficiency• In practice, few mainstream energy projects mainstream gender systematically
Since 2007, ENERGIA has been assisting 19 energy (and environment) projects to mainstream gender to showcase • how gender-specific impacts can be generated through energy access
projects and markets, • how mainstreaming gender can improve energy project outcomes; • how such impacts can be multiplied
ENERGIA-Assisted ProjectsCountry Organization Energy Intervention Geographical scope
Pakistan RSPN Pakistan Domestic Biogas Program
Nationwide
Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda
Hivos/SNV/DGIS Africa Biogas Partnership Programme
Nationwide in 6 countries
Nepal Government of Nepal/SNV
Biogas Sector Programme
Nationwide
Kenya SCODE Improved cook stoves
Rift Valley & Central Provinces
Botswana Botswana Power Corporation
Rural Electrification (grid and off-grid) Nationwide
Senegal PERACOD/ENDA Rural electrification and domestic energy supply
Kaolack & Casamance
Tanzania TaTEDO Multi-functional platforms/Productive Use Containers
Northern region
Nepal REDP Community managed micro hydro All districts
Philippines SIBAT Community-based Rural electrification (PV, micro-hydro, wind)
14 projects, community level
Kenya Kenya Power and Lighting Company
Electricity Utility Nationwide
Sri Lanka Practical Action Liquid biofuels & micro-hydro Two districts
Conceptual framework for Gender Mainstreaming
Work with energy projects to• Assess what are the likely implications of the project on men and women (Diagnose..)
• Agree on what a project wants to achieve from a gender perspective (gender goal and strategy)
• Design activities on how these gender goals can be met• Build consensus among stakeholders on the approach• Develop a gender sensitive monitoring strategy
……so that both women and men can benefit from projects and inequality is reduced or eliminated.
Gender mainstreaming approach in practice
Agree on Gender Goal
Decide Gender Specific Activities
Assess the context Assess Gender Situation on the
Ground
Assess Organizational
Capacity
Track Progress
Feedback
DESIGN: Gender Action Plan,
including goal, expected outcomes, activities and
M&E framework
IMPLEMENT: Institutionalize the
process (org. policies, staffing, capacity
building, documentation)
MONITOR:Track progress, outcomes
and communicate
PREPARE: Background review,
organizational assessment, consulting
with project community
Monitor Number of women service
providers after ……. Years of project
Average increase in income
Baseline study Assess women’s potential (literacy/
numeracy skills/ business acumen) Capacity building and other needs Perception of men Women’s institutions
Strategies and Actions Additional training (technology/
confidence/ leadership) Other enabling conditions
Feasibility study Role and status of women in
similar trades/ allied business Assess overall potential
Economic Empowerment
Women form x% of service providers
Mainstreaming gender within project cycle: An example
BPC (Botswana Power Corporation)
Rural electrification (on and off grid)
•BPC Conditions of Service aligned with national gender obligations•Develop a gender mainstreaming policy for BPC and review the BPC CSR policy •Engender planning by including gender disaggregated information on connection rates and obstacles to connection
SCODE (Sustainable Community Development Services), Kenya
Improved cookstoves
•Engender terms of reference of staff •Leadership and business development programmes for women entrepreneurs•Introduce a women-friendly potter’s wheel
RSPN (Rural Support Programme Network) Pakistan
National domestic biogas programme
•Recruit women Social Organizers •Training for women (veterinary care, kitchen gardening, plant maintenance) •Engender promotional material•Gender indicators in biogas user surveys
SIBAt , (Sibol ng Agham at Teknolohiya)
Community based rural electrification (PV, micro hydro, wind)
•Develop gender sensitive technology standards •Incorporate gender concerns within existing instruments such feasibility studies, community training and impact evaluation.
Gender mainstreaming actions
Immediate results : Emerging results
• Enhanced institutional capacity of participating projects (staff and partners)
• Gender integrated in project planning and M&E frameworks• Attention to gender into other energy projects/ proposals
The preparation and adoption of Gender Action Plans, with clear gender goals, activities, indicators and M&E framework• to improve women’s welfare, income generation and empowerment
• to involve women in the operation, installation and maintenance of technologies
• gender-sensitive training and promotion material • ensure women’s participation in project activities.
Intermediate results :
Emerging impacts on development effectiveness• Time saved (>2 hrs a day) and improved home environment & health (Pakistan), time saved (30 min a day )on cooking (Senegal)
• Improved health and incomes from using biogas slurry in kitchen gardens (Pakistan, Nepal, ABPP)
• Improved health from water supply (Sri Lanka, Philippines)• Improved heath from drinking water interventions (NAPA, Cambodia)
Improve quality of life
New interventions identified in gender analysis
• Women working as operators (Philippines, Sri Lanka, Kenya)
• Money saved from slurry use for kitchen gardens (Pakistan)
• Increased incomes through masonry, mobilizers (Nepal), sale of biogas slurry by women’s groups (ABPP), women working as blacksmiths (as against potters) (Senegal)
Increase women’s
productivity & income
Technology improvements
Training on kitchen gardening
Measures to encourage women in supply chain
Women’s capacity increased to manage technology (Nepal, Pakistan, Kenya, Sri Lanka)
Women holding positions in project committees (Philippines, Sri Lanka)
Promote gender
equality & empower
women
Technology improvements, women trained on use and maintenance of technologies
Measures to identify and promote women in decision making roles
Gender as a key variable in scaling up energy access
Improve connection rates (Botswana Power Corporation)
• Targeting women’s and men’s developmental priorities•Women involved in project decision-making and redistribution of tasks in community groups (Philippines, Sri Lanka)• Harnessing women’s traditional knowledge in project planning (Sri Lanka)• Using women’s groups as a vehicle for project functions (financing: Nepal, extension: ABPP)
•Women’s training in tech maintenance (all biogas, 94% functionality in BSP)•Women’s training in animal care, kitchen gardening (Pakistan)
Programme goalImproved targeting
Informed project planning and decisions
Improved performance of
technologies
Towards greater project efficiency & sustainability
• Use a flexible/ adaptable approach to gender mainstreaming
• Introduce gender mainstreaming in design phase
• Integrate gender mainstreaming within the entire project cycle: Integration of gender baselines, indicators, and disaggregation into existing frameworks
• The project must lead the GM process
• Peg expectations realistically: Realizing impact is a long-term goal
Good practices and lessons learned
Integrate gender ALL through the project cycle
Feasibility Study
Baseline Survey
PID
Annual Plans
Monitoring
‘Explores’ gender issues (start discussion)
Systematically answers key questions: • to set the baseline on gender dimensions • to guide project design• Reality check
Outline broad strategies (gender goal/ expected outcome/ activities/ indicators)
Integrate and allocate budget
Track performance on select gender indicators
No stand alone processes
