Gender and Energy: Approtech Asia's Practical Experience at the Household and Enterprise Level

8/6/2019 Gender and Energy: Approtech Asia's Practical Experience at the Household and Enterprise Level

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15 July 2011

ADB headquarter, Manila

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of theAsian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does notguarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of theiruse. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or

necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.


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Significance of Gender in Energy Intervention

Why should gender be taken into account in

energy projects and planning?Men and women are both developers and users of energy

technology or beneficiaries of energy projects

Men and women use energy for different things

Energy technology have different effects on men andwomen


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Gender Mainstreaming vs.

Women Only Energy Projects

The traditional approach to energy policy and planninghas assumedgender neutrality.

What we find in reality is that energy planning isgender-blindsuch that it fails to recognise that needs of men andwomen are different.

If we aim to ensure that women and men benefit from

energy policies and programmes we aim to ensure that thepolicies aregender aware


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Meeting Womens Needs in Energy Projects

Examples of Energy Meets Womens Practical, Productive, and Strategic Needs

Energy Form Womens needs and issues

Practical needs Productive needs Strategic interests

Improved biomass

(supply and

conversion

technology)

improved health

through better stovesless time and effort in

gathering and carrying

firewood

more time for

productive activitieslower cost for

process heat for

income generating

activities

control of natural

forests in community

forestry management

frameworks.

Mechanical milling and grindingreduces drudgerytransport and

portering of water and

crops

increases variety ofenterprises

transport allowingaccess to commercial

and social/political

opportunities


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Gender in Project cycle

Research/Baseline

study

Validationwith

partners

ProjectPlanning

Implementation

Monitoring& reportingEvaluation

&reporting

Sustain-ability

Replication/expansion

/ level up

Newprojects

Discussio

n withpartners

Each activity involves discussion with women and men

Rolesneeds

agreements

Formulate gendergoals & strategies;

plan activities

Genderequity

Identify genderindicators, track

them

Genderresults


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Research and Pilot Projects on Gender and Energy

Enabling . . . with technical support from DfID Knowledge and Research and Universityof Twente, ENERGIA (Philippines, Nigeria, Brazil)Food micro-entrepreneurs (FMEs) spend thirty (30) percent of their budget on

cooking energy. Many use biomass energy in traditional cookstoves.

Ambulant Food Vendors: Energy-Efficient Stoves and Hygienic, Healthy Food with UNDPREP-PoR, ENERGIA

Intervention: energy-efficient charcoal cookstove and financingAFVs save thirty (30) percent on energy expense from using energy-efficient

cookstove compared to traditional stoves, fifty (50) percent on kerosene andseventy (70) percent on LPG.

Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1 (increased income), 2 (children in school), 3(reduce drudgery, gain self-esteem from knowledge and skills learned, becomeleaders/resource persons/trainers resulting to empowered women), 4 (improvednutrition, improved emotional state, better treatment in family), 7 (water,

personal hygiene and environmental sanitation) and 8 (network and partnershipat local and global level).


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continued

Retrofitting Kitchen of Food Micro-Entrepreneurs with CIDA-AIT SEA-UEMA, GWA, ENERGIA

Intervention: energy-efficient institutional stove, improved indoorair quality, capacity development, social network

FMEs using institutional coosktoves save up to fifty (50)percent on biomass fuel compared to their improvised ortraditional stoves. The kitchen is clean & organized withnatural ventilation and lighting, water and sanitation

facilities and functional working area.Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8


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continued

Indigenous Nutritious Food Promoted by Entrepreneurial Poorwith World Bank Development Marketplace 2007

Five mothers of school children in Binondo learned baking ina common or central kitchen of the Alternative Learning

System (ALS). Within six (6) months, each mother owned anoven, through financing, baked bread and otherconfectionary products sold to school canteen, neighborsand friends and became successful entrepreneurs.

Outcomes: UN MDGs 1, 2,3, 4 and 7.


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continued

Business Model of Briquette Production from Agricultural Residue with PanibagongParaan 2008 and Peace and Equity Foundation (PEF)

Women and men of ATAP with technical assistance from LGU-Tupi, produce and sellcharcoal briquettes from agricultural residues for cooking and poultry broodingusing energy-efficient, women-friendly machines. Poultry growers save from 70-80percent on energy for brooding using the briquette compared to LPG. Local

Ordinance s were passed to regulate open field burning in pineapple plantationsrealizing a saving of over fourteen thousand pesos per hectare for diesel andlabour expenses but giving livelihood activities to farm workers/hired labourersand their family members and reducing outdoor pollution, especially smoke fromburning residual crops, and GHG from decomposing agricultural residues.Agricultural practices contribute 70 percent methane emission.

Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8.


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Capacity development: gender trainings (women and men areaware of their role and rules in the family and the food businessresulting to family solidarity and cooperation shift from

wife/mother livelihood activity to family enterprise), hygieneand sanitation (proper hand washing & waste disposal,

acquisition of health cards), GMP (improved time and motion),food processing (variety and increased volume of food products),meal planning (healthy & nutritious food), business planning(savings and investment), food packaging (environment-friendly), recording/bookkeeping/accounting, etc.)

Energy-efficient technologies: improved cookstove, solar-powered LED lighting, solar water disinfection, etc.

Micro-finance facility: clean and improved cooking and eatingutensils, improved stalls and facilities, childrens education,housing and transport facility, etc.

Interventions


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challenges

We work with local partners: reaching out to over300,000 food micro-entrepreneurs in Metro Manila

alone

Monitoring of application of skills and behavior

change; tracking gender indicators

Documentation of impact and translating them topolicy


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Approtech Asiawww.approtech.orgEmail: [email protected], [email protected]
http://www.approtech.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.approtech.org/

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Gender and Energy: Approtech Asia's Practical Experience at the Household and Enterprise Level