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822019 gems n j final
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GEMS AND JEWELLERY SECTOR
HS CODE 71
BY
SAGAR GARG
MANSI CHUGH
MEHAK BATLA
ROMIL SINGHVISWAROOP
NIKHIL SURI
ABHISHEK GUPTA
ANSHU CHABRA
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The Indian gems and jewellery sector is largely unorganised at present There are over
15000 players across the country in the gold processing industry
The industry is dominated by family jewellers who constitute nearly 96 percent of the
market Organised players such as Tata with its Tanishq brand have however been
growing steadily As India‟s jewellery market matures it is expected to get more
organised and the share of family jewellers is expected to decline The braded jewellery
sector is estimated to reach US$ 22 billion by 2010 on the back of quality
consciousness among target consumers
Statistics
bull Total No of Units in Gems And Jewellery - 11136
bull No of Units in Organized sector - 817
bull No of Units in Small Scale sector - 10319
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SIZE bullLarge market for Gems amp Jewellery with domestic sales of over $22billionbull4 of the global Gems and Jewellery market
bullOne of India‟s leading foreign exchange earning sectors over the year has witnessed a considerable growth in the volume of exports from
export figures of US$ 2935849 million in the FY 2009-2010 to US$4313924 million in FY 2010-2011 thus indicating a net increaseof 4689 in the total Gem amp Jewellery exports The performance of this industry is critical as it contributes 1667 to India‟s totalmerchandise exports
bull
India is the largest consumer of gold jewellery in the worldbullAccounts for about 20 of world consumption
bullIndia is the largest diamond cutting and polishing center in the world
bull60 value share 85 volume share and 92 share of the worldmarket by number of pieces
bullThird largest consumer of polished diamonds after USA and Japan
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STRUCTURE
bull The Indian Gems amp Jewellery industry is highly fragmented with a large number of
domestic private sector companiesbull A large portion of the market is in the unorganized sector
bull India is gaining prominence as an international sourcing destination for high quality
designer jewellery
bull Walmart JC Penney etc procure jewellery from India
Sourcing
Processing
Manufacturing
Selling
G amp J Industry comprisesof
SEZ ( SpecialEconomic Zones)
EPZ ( ExportProcessing Zones)
SEEPZ ( ElectronicExports Processing
Zone)
EXPORT comprises of
GOLD
DIAMOND
PLATINUM
COSTUMEJEWELLERY
Main Products
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POLICY
bull100 FD is permitted in the Gems amp Jewellery sector through the
automatic routebullSEZs and Gems and Jewellery Parks have been set up to promoteinvestments in the sector
OPPORTUNITY
bullIndia is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery India is thediamond polishing capital of the world
OUTLOOKbullIndia is the fastest-growing jewellery market in the world
bullBranded jewellery likely to be the fastest-growing segment in domesticsales
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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GEMS AND JEWELLERY SECTOR
HS CODE 71
BY
SAGAR GARG
MANSI CHUGH
MEHAK BATLA
ROMIL SINGHVISWAROOP
NIKHIL SURI
ABHISHEK GUPTA
ANSHU CHABRA
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The Indian gems and jewellery sector is largely unorganised at present There are over
15000 players across the country in the gold processing industry
The industry is dominated by family jewellers who constitute nearly 96 percent of the
market Organised players such as Tata with its Tanishq brand have however been
growing steadily As India‟s jewellery market matures it is expected to get more
organised and the share of family jewellers is expected to decline The braded jewellery
sector is estimated to reach US$ 22 billion by 2010 on the back of quality
consciousness among target consumers
Statistics
bull Total No of Units in Gems And Jewellery - 11136
bull No of Units in Organized sector - 817
bull No of Units in Small Scale sector - 10319
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SIZE bullLarge market for Gems amp Jewellery with domestic sales of over $22billionbull4 of the global Gems and Jewellery market
bullOne of India‟s leading foreign exchange earning sectors over the year has witnessed a considerable growth in the volume of exports from
export figures of US$ 2935849 million in the FY 2009-2010 to US$4313924 million in FY 2010-2011 thus indicating a net increaseof 4689 in the total Gem amp Jewellery exports The performance of this industry is critical as it contributes 1667 to India‟s totalmerchandise exports
bull
India is the largest consumer of gold jewellery in the worldbullAccounts for about 20 of world consumption
bullIndia is the largest diamond cutting and polishing center in the world
bull60 value share 85 volume share and 92 share of the worldmarket by number of pieces
bullThird largest consumer of polished diamonds after USA and Japan
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STRUCTURE
bull The Indian Gems amp Jewellery industry is highly fragmented with a large number of
domestic private sector companiesbull A large portion of the market is in the unorganized sector
bull India is gaining prominence as an international sourcing destination for high quality
designer jewellery
bull Walmart JC Penney etc procure jewellery from India
Sourcing
Processing
Manufacturing
Selling
G amp J Industry comprisesof
SEZ ( SpecialEconomic Zones)
EPZ ( ExportProcessing Zones)
SEEPZ ( ElectronicExports Processing
Zone)
EXPORT comprises of
GOLD
DIAMOND
PLATINUM
COSTUMEJEWELLERY
Main Products
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POLICY
bull100 FD is permitted in the Gems amp Jewellery sector through the
automatic routebullSEZs and Gems and Jewellery Parks have been set up to promoteinvestments in the sector
OPPORTUNITY
bullIndia is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery India is thediamond polishing capital of the world
OUTLOOKbullIndia is the fastest-growing jewellery market in the world
bullBranded jewellery likely to be the fastest-growing segment in domesticsales
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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The Indian gems and jewellery sector is largely unorganised at present There are over
15000 players across the country in the gold processing industry
The industry is dominated by family jewellers who constitute nearly 96 percent of the
market Organised players such as Tata with its Tanishq brand have however been
growing steadily As India‟s jewellery market matures it is expected to get more
organised and the share of family jewellers is expected to decline The braded jewellery
sector is estimated to reach US$ 22 billion by 2010 on the back of quality
consciousness among target consumers
Statistics
bull Total No of Units in Gems And Jewellery - 11136
bull No of Units in Organized sector - 817
bull No of Units in Small Scale sector - 10319
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SIZE bullLarge market for Gems amp Jewellery with domestic sales of over $22billionbull4 of the global Gems and Jewellery market
bullOne of India‟s leading foreign exchange earning sectors over the year has witnessed a considerable growth in the volume of exports from
export figures of US$ 2935849 million in the FY 2009-2010 to US$4313924 million in FY 2010-2011 thus indicating a net increaseof 4689 in the total Gem amp Jewellery exports The performance of this industry is critical as it contributes 1667 to India‟s totalmerchandise exports
bull
India is the largest consumer of gold jewellery in the worldbullAccounts for about 20 of world consumption
bullIndia is the largest diamond cutting and polishing center in the world
bull60 value share 85 volume share and 92 share of the worldmarket by number of pieces
bullThird largest consumer of polished diamonds after USA and Japan
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STRUCTURE
bull The Indian Gems amp Jewellery industry is highly fragmented with a large number of
domestic private sector companiesbull A large portion of the market is in the unorganized sector
bull India is gaining prominence as an international sourcing destination for high quality
designer jewellery
bull Walmart JC Penney etc procure jewellery from India
Sourcing
Processing
Manufacturing
Selling
G amp J Industry comprisesof
SEZ ( SpecialEconomic Zones)
EPZ ( ExportProcessing Zones)
SEEPZ ( ElectronicExports Processing
Zone)
EXPORT comprises of
GOLD
DIAMOND
PLATINUM
COSTUMEJEWELLERY
Main Products
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POLICY
bull100 FD is permitted in the Gems amp Jewellery sector through the
automatic routebullSEZs and Gems and Jewellery Parks have been set up to promoteinvestments in the sector
OPPORTUNITY
bullIndia is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery India is thediamond polishing capital of the world
OUTLOOKbullIndia is the fastest-growing jewellery market in the world
bullBranded jewellery likely to be the fastest-growing segment in domesticsales
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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SIZE bullLarge market for Gems amp Jewellery with domestic sales of over $22billionbull4 of the global Gems and Jewellery market
bullOne of India‟s leading foreign exchange earning sectors over the year has witnessed a considerable growth in the volume of exports from
export figures of US$ 2935849 million in the FY 2009-2010 to US$4313924 million in FY 2010-2011 thus indicating a net increaseof 4689 in the total Gem amp Jewellery exports The performance of this industry is critical as it contributes 1667 to India‟s totalmerchandise exports
bull
India is the largest consumer of gold jewellery in the worldbullAccounts for about 20 of world consumption
bullIndia is the largest diamond cutting and polishing center in the world
bull60 value share 85 volume share and 92 share of the worldmarket by number of pieces
bullThird largest consumer of polished diamonds after USA and Japan
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STRUCTURE
bull The Indian Gems amp Jewellery industry is highly fragmented with a large number of
domestic private sector companiesbull A large portion of the market is in the unorganized sector
bull India is gaining prominence as an international sourcing destination for high quality
designer jewellery
bull Walmart JC Penney etc procure jewellery from India
Sourcing
Processing
Manufacturing
Selling
G amp J Industry comprisesof
SEZ ( SpecialEconomic Zones)
EPZ ( ExportProcessing Zones)
SEEPZ ( ElectronicExports Processing
Zone)
EXPORT comprises of
GOLD
DIAMOND
PLATINUM
COSTUMEJEWELLERY
Main Products
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POLICY
bull100 FD is permitted in the Gems amp Jewellery sector through the
automatic routebullSEZs and Gems and Jewellery Parks have been set up to promoteinvestments in the sector
OPPORTUNITY
bullIndia is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery India is thediamond polishing capital of the world
OUTLOOKbullIndia is the fastest-growing jewellery market in the world
bullBranded jewellery likely to be the fastest-growing segment in domesticsales
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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STRUCTURE
bull The Indian Gems amp Jewellery industry is highly fragmented with a large number of
domestic private sector companiesbull A large portion of the market is in the unorganized sector
bull India is gaining prominence as an international sourcing destination for high quality
designer jewellery
bull Walmart JC Penney etc procure jewellery from India
Sourcing
Processing
Manufacturing
Selling
G amp J Industry comprisesof
SEZ ( SpecialEconomic Zones)
EPZ ( ExportProcessing Zones)
SEEPZ ( ElectronicExports Processing
Zone)
EXPORT comprises of
GOLD
DIAMOND
PLATINUM
COSTUMEJEWELLERY
Main Products
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POLICY
bull100 FD is permitted in the Gems amp Jewellery sector through the
automatic routebullSEZs and Gems and Jewellery Parks have been set up to promoteinvestments in the sector
OPPORTUNITY
bullIndia is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery India is thediamond polishing capital of the world
OUTLOOKbullIndia is the fastest-growing jewellery market in the world
bullBranded jewellery likely to be the fastest-growing segment in domesticsales
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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STRUCTURE
bull The Indian Gems amp Jewellery industry is highly fragmented with a large number of
domestic private sector companiesbull A large portion of the market is in the unorganized sector
bull India is gaining prominence as an international sourcing destination for high quality
designer jewellery
bull Walmart JC Penney etc procure jewellery from India
Sourcing
Processing
Manufacturing
Selling
G amp J Industry comprisesof
SEZ ( SpecialEconomic Zones)
EPZ ( ExportProcessing Zones)
SEEPZ ( ElectronicExports Processing
Zone)
EXPORT comprises of
GOLD
DIAMOND
PLATINUM
COSTUMEJEWELLERY
Main Products
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POLICY
bull100 FD is permitted in the Gems amp Jewellery sector through the
automatic routebullSEZs and Gems and Jewellery Parks have been set up to promoteinvestments in the sector
OPPORTUNITY
bullIndia is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery India is thediamond polishing capital of the world
OUTLOOKbullIndia is the fastest-growing jewellery market in the world
bullBranded jewellery likely to be the fastest-growing segment in domesticsales
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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POLICY
bull100 FD is permitted in the Gems amp Jewellery sector through the
automatic routebullSEZs and Gems and Jewellery Parks have been set up to promoteinvestments in the sector
OPPORTUNITY
bullIndia is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery India is thediamond polishing capital of the world
OUTLOOKbullIndia is the fastest-growing jewellery market in the world
bullBranded jewellery likely to be the fastest-growing segment in domesticsales
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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POTENCIAL
bull India has several well recognized strengths which have made it a
significant force in the global Gems and Jewellery businessbull Highly skilled yet low-cost labor
bull Established manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamondpolishing
bull India is the most technologically advanced diamond cutting center inthe world
bull Opportunity to address one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growingGems and Jewellery markets
bull Opportunity to leverage India‟s strengths to address the global market
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
822019 gems n j final
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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bull The products in the sector can be categorized as gemstones
jewellery and pearls which can be further segmented intodiamonds colored stones (precious semi-precious and synthetic)
studded jewellery costume jewellery gold and silver
bull Diamond and gold being the two most important segments of the
Indian gems and jewellery sector
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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IMPORT OF RAW MATERIAL
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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VALUE CHAIN OF GEMS AND JEWELLEY
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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Key Brands in the Indian Jewellery SegmentGILI
bull Established by Gitanjali in 1984 after Gold Control Act by Govt
TANISHQ
bull Established in 1984bull A tata group Company
CARBON
bull Established in 1996 within the Peakok Foldbull In 1991 Bangalore based Peakok Jewellery was incorporated
OYZTERBAYbull Began in March 2001bull Seeks to build a National Brand and aspires to be the largest
branded company in the country
TRENDSMITH
bull By Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri
bull Concept store
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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ANDHRA PRADESH Mining major including De beers are exploring areas forminerals and diamond Alexandrite cat‟s eye and rubies are also found here
CHHATTISGARH De Beers has invested several million dollars in exploration thatsuggests a huge diamond reserve (the Indian Bureau of mines estimated a reserve of 1300400 carats
JAMMU amp KASHMIR JampK is known for blue Sapphires The state miningcorporation is currently exploring various stones in the padar area
KARNATAKA has been known a continuous supply of star rubies over the yearsDiamond prospecting is also carried out here
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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KERALA Mainly chrysoberyl as well as some fine qualities of cat‟s eyeand alexandrite
MADHYA PRADESH known for the panna diamond mines- the onlyactive diamond producing centers in India
ORISSA is known as the ldquoBrazil of Indiardquo and consist of majorgemstones and a diamond belt Everything from corundum rubiessapphires emeralds star and cat‟s eye are found here
RAJASTHAN best known for emeralds but there are other gemstonesconcentrated
TAMIL NADU sapphires corundum rubies cat‟s eye feldspar and brownsunstone with a cat‟s eye effect are found here
MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSING
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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MANUFACTURING amp PROCESSINGCENTRES
SURAT is an important diamond processing center which exports around 80of the production and has more than 3500 diamond processingunits
MUMBAI is the centre for machine-made jewellery The city is also India‟slargest wholesale market in terms of volume
HYDERABAD is the centre for precious and semi-precious studded jewelleryand pearls called Hyderabad rice pearls
NELLORE Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)is a source for handmade jewellery and
has been supplying to the Chennai market for quite a few decades Belgaumin Karnataka and Nellore together specialize in studded jewellery usingsynthetic stones
COIMBATORE specialize in casting jewellery
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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TRICHUR Trichur in Kerala is another source for lightweight gold
jewellery and Diamond cutting
KOLKATA is popular for its lightwight plain gold jewellery
This categories of jewellery finds a large market in Tamil Nadu
JAIPUR is a key centre for polishing precious and semi- precious
gemstones The city is particular famous for cutting and polishing of emeralds along with topaz and diamonds
DELHI is famous for manufacturing silver jewellery and articles
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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bull Exports from this sector constituted around 17 of the total exports from India during FY00 to FY09
bull
India has been one of the largest importers of gemstones rough diamonds and precious metals overthe years and most of these imports were used forvalue addition and exports
bull India is also one of the largest consumers of gold inthe world as it accounts for more than 20 of theworld gold consumption
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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Exporting trends in the gems and jewellery sector
The Gems amp Jewellery sector has experienced high growth over the years on the back
of a buoyant performance in its exports Total exports of Gems and Jewellery hasregistered an impressive growth from US$ 299 bn in FY91 to 2112 bn in FY09 which
translates into a CAGR of around 1147
However during FY01-FY02 the slowdown in the US which is the largest importer of Indias gems and jewellery and some other importer countries led to a demand
contraction and a subsequent decline in the export growth rate for the sector while
the decline was mainly in exports of cut and polished diamonds (CPD) gold jewellery
exports had remained resilient as it registered a positive growth
Net exports during FY01 and FY02 fell to US$ 78 bn and US$ 76 bn respectively ascompared with US$ 81 bn during FY00
The government took important policy initiatives including de-licensing of the import
of rough diamonds (with effect from April 1 2002) which was a long standing need to
give a boost to this sector This was reflected in the growth in the exports during FY03Exports during FY03 grew by 2136 as compared to a decline of around 3 during
the previous financial year
during FY06 and FY07 the sector witnessed a deceleration in the rate of growth (65
during FY06 and 27 during FY07) in net exports due to the dismal performance in
the cut and polished diamonds segment
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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Sluggish demand from the US continued during FY07 as well The exporters also faced
delay in payments especially from the US Moreover there was a decrease in the
diamond trading activities of bonded warehouses In FY08 the gems and jewellery sector showed resilience amid turbulent market
conditions The facility of duty-free treatment under the General Scheme of
Preferences (GSP) for precious metals (other than silver) and articles of jewellery
enjoyed by the Indian exporters was terminated by the US from July 1 2007 However during FY08 Indiarsquos exports of gold jewellery recorded a significant
moderation Due to the volatility in gold prices in FY08 and global economic downturn
a slowdown in demand for gold jewellery was witnessed worldwide Growth in the
exports of gold jewellery moderated to 667 during FY08 as compared with a high
growth rate of 3418 during FY07 During FY09 the global economic slowdown which manifested during the second half
of FY09 severely hindered the purchasing power of the jewellery customers bothexternal as well as domestic In spite of this the growth in the net exports during
FY09 remained in the positive territory mainly due to the robust performance duringthe first half of the year
Despite the slump in exports of CPD segment (the CPD segment witnessed a decline of
around 8 in exports in dollar terms) the sector was able to achieve a marginal
growth rate of 132 in dollar terms on account of gold jewellery export sales whichclocked a high growth rate of 2329 during FY09
The overseas demand erosion mainly from US led to postponement or cancellation of orders
resulting in inventory build up erosion of profit margins shutting down of manufacturing unitsand retrenchment in the sector However the March 09 export figures point out to the fact that
the pace at which the exports were declining has been arrested to some extent Exports during
March 2009 registered a decline of 1675 on a y-o-y basis while they were down by about3394 (y-o-y) during January 2009
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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MAJOR ITEMS EXPORTED
As one of the largest cutting and polishing centre of diamonds in the world the Indian CPD
segment has always held the largest share in the total exports of gems and jewellery Indiaprimarily focussed on exports in cut and polished diamonds owing to its traditional expertise indiamond cutting and polishing Growing by around an annual average growth rate of 9 this
segment held an average share of around 83 in the net exports of gems and jewellery during
FY92 to FY02 CPD exports grew from US$ 711 bn in FY03 to US$ 1302 bn in FY09 however
over the years the fall in the share of CPD exports has been increasingly replaced by the
growth in exports of gold jewellery
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
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The share of gold jewellery in Indias net exports of gems and jewellery increased from merely
680 in 1990-91 to 1650 in FY03 and to 3247 in FY09 Exports of gold jewellery (as
shown in the graph below) also witnessed an increase from US$ 151 bn in FY03 to US$ 686bn in FY09 at a CAGR of 2869
822019 gems n j final
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 2553
The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
822019 gems n j final
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
822019 gems n j final
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
822019 gems n j final
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
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Recognising the growing acceptance of Indian gold jewellery in the world market the
government had initiated several measures including a medium term strategy in FY06
The following measures were a part of this medium-term strategy
a Hallmarking and certification of gold to aid the development of Indian brands in the jewellery market
b Integration throughout the jewellery supply chain from mining of raw materials to
retailing of end products as well as joint venture manufacturing with the leading
suppliers of the world
c Developing market intelligence with a focus on key markets including NRIs
Measures such as gradual liberalisation of gold import in the country and opening of gold
trading in exchanges had also provided a boost to the gold segment
The sustained buoyancy in exports of gems and jewellery over the years reflects the effects of
continuing policy initiatives taken by the government over the years As raw mater ials for the
sector are largely imported the government has focussed on reducing the barriers to importraw materials Identified as a thrust sector which has prospects for export expansion and for
employment generation under the Foreign Trade Policy of 2004-09 special policy initiatives
had been announced to increase the competitiveness of the Gems and Jewellery sector
822019 gems n j final
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
822019 gems n j final
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
822019 gems n j final
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
822019 gems n j final
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
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822019 gems n j final
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
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The share of exports of coloured gemstones in Indiarsquos net exports is very small Moreover
India is a net importer of pearls and synthetic stones In fact rough coloured gemstones
synthetic stones and raw pearls are largely imported for value addition and for preparation of final products which are then sold either in the domestic or international market India has a
rich resource of highly skilled and low cost labourers which is effectively utilised by the Indian
manufacturers in this sector for creation of highly value added goods
Even though platinum jewellery is highly sought-after in the international markets India does
not export the same because it lacks natural resources for platinum however platinum bars
are imported into India though in very low quantities as the demand for platinum jewellery is
restricted to high-end customers and is not very robust
822019 gems n j final
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Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
822019 gems n j final
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
822019 gems n j final
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
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Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 2653
Export from India for last five years ndash
Year Total Exports of Gems and Jewellery
( US $ Million)
Share to Total Exports
2010 - 2011 40058 1595
2009 - 2010 29203 1633
2008-2009 28466 1536
2007-2008 19824 1215
2006-2007 16091 1279
822019 gems n j final
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
822019 gems n j final
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
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Export Trend ndash Graphical
822019 gems n j final
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PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 2953
NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3053
SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
822019 gems n j final
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
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J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
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Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
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822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
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The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 2853
PRODUCT WISE EXPORT
PEARLS 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 2953
NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3053
SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3153
DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3253
Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3353
1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3453
The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
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The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
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bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
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The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
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822019 gems n j final
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BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
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bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
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Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
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Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
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NATURAL PEARLS 048 328 143
CULTURED PEARLS UNWORKED 020 009 165
CULTURED PEARLS WORKED 036 021 031
104 358 339
DIAMONDS
SORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 229 1841 747
UNSORTED INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS 009 362 016
NON-INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS UNWORKED 0248 47427 63284
DIAMOND CUT (OTHR THN INDSTRL DIAMOND) 2509009 1752733 1519932
OTHERS 11083 1428 2366
2582888 1804220 1588375
PRECIOUS amp SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
EMERALSUNCUT 113 663 083
RUBY AND SAPPHIREUNCUT 103 018 003
OTHR PRCS STONE
(EGAQUAMARINE CHRISOBARYLE-TOPAZ ETC) UNCUT 872 298 082
FELSPAR (MOON STONE)UNCUT 001 000 009
GARNET UNCUT 003 002 000
AGATE UNCUT 034 018 019
GREEN AVENTURINEUNCUT 000 001 052
OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONE UNCUT 2031 692 652
OTHERWISE WRKD RUBIES SAPPHIRES amp EMERALS 8139 9481 10331
FELSPAR (MOON STONE) CUT 027 108 386
GARNET CUT 038 292 166
AGATE CUT 113 041 130
CHALOIDONY CUT 002 000 005
OTHER STONE CUT(TOPAZ AQUAMARINE ETC) 21138 19309 16325
32611 30924 28191
SILVER 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
822019 gems n j final
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SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
822019 gems n j final
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DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3353
1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3453
The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3053
SILVER IN POWDER FORM 492 007 002
UNWROUGHT SILVER 013 005 206
STEEL PLATES amp PIPES OF SILVER 058 068 107
ALL OTHER SEMI MANUFACTURED FORM 1958 8820 1174
2520 8900 1488
IMITATION JEWELLERY
CUFF LINKS amp STUDS OF BASE METAL 063 112 154
BANGLES 3327 2366 1520
GERMAN SILVER JEWELLERY 022 007 055
OTHER 4390 4089 3366
JEWELLERY SET WITH IMITATION PEARLS 973 3105 2251
OTHER IMITATION JEWELLERY FOR PERSONAL USE 8496 8496 7987
17142 18175 15334
ARTCLES OF JEWELLERY
SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 2277 2486 2158
SILVER JEWELLERY SET WITH GEMS 36169 12734 11420
OTHR ARTCLS OF SILVER JWELLERY 7541 7452 5957
PARTS 642 1076 258
JEWELLERY OF GOLD UNSET 282696 227883 232177
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH PEARLS 9639 8654 47934
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH DIAMOND 340753 322978 325323
JEWELLERY OF GOLD SET WITH STONES 41159 37042 43065
JEWELLERY OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS UNSET 242 036 36035
892878 886361 800881
INDIArsquoS TOTAL EXPORT 25113589 17875143 18529536
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3153
DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
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Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
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1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
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The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
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bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
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GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
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A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3153
DESTINATION WISE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3253
Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3353
1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3453
The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
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KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
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bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
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Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3253
Indian handmade jewellery enjoys immense popularity among the Indian emigrant population
Over the years the US Hong Kong UAE Belgium Israel Japan Thailand UK and Singapore
have been the major export markets for the Indian gems and jewellery sector The US is thelargest importer of Indian gems and jewellery as it accounted for more than 29 of the total
exports during FY06 to FY07 However when the US economy was engulfed in recession its
share in Indiarsquos total gems and jewellery exports fell to 2610 in FY08 from 3147 in FY07
Also the 550 basic import duty imposed by US with effect from July 1 2007 on the jewelleryimported from India that ended the US-GSP benefit on Indian jewellery affected Indiarsquos export
to the US over the last 2 years exports to Hong Kong and UAE have grown rapidly Exports of gems
ewellery and precious stones to UAE have grown steeply during the last three years Indiarsquosex ort to UAE re istered a rowth of 3494 durin FY07 and 3063 in FY08
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3353
1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3453
The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3353
1 ITALY
bull
Its one is the largest producer of fine Jewellerybull 8200 factories which produce annually approx 64 billion USD
bull Its strength lies in PLAIN gold jewellery
2 HONG KONG
bull
Produces a substantial portion of the world jewellery marketbull China and Hong Kong are strong In both gold and studded jewellery
3 THAILAND
bull Major global supplier of quality jewellery over the last two decades
bull Thailand‟s strength is in gemstone jewellery
4 UNITED STATES
bull While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around theworld the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3453
The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3453
The Government has extended the following facilities to this sector
Import of gold of 8 carat and above has been allowed under the replenishment scheme subject
to the import being accompanied by an Assay Certificate specifying the purity weight andalloy content
Duty-free import entitlement of consumables for metals other than gold and platinum at 2 per
cent of FOB value of exports during the previous financial year
Duty-free import entitlement of commercial samples fixed at US$ 686
Duty-free re-import entitlement for rejected jewellery fixed at 2 per cent of FOB value of
exports
Cutting and polishing of gems and jewellery to be treated as manufacturing for the purpose of
exemption under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act
Import of precious metal scrapused jewellery has been allowed for melting refining and re-
export of jewellery However such imports will not be allowed through hand baggage
Exporters of gems and jewellery have been allowed to export jewellery on consignment basis
and export cut and polished precious and semiprecious stones for treatment and re-import as
per rules
Value additions norms for different categories of gems and jewellery products have been
reduced from 7 to 3
GEM AND JEWELLERY EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3553
J
Set-up in 1966 the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the scattered efforts of
individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias
export-led growth This apex body of the gem amp jewellery industry has played a significant role
in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature GJEPC iscontinuously working towards creating a pool of artisans and designers trained to international
standards so as to consolidate the Indian jewellery industry and establish it as a prominent global
player in the jewellery segment With strength of 6500 members spread all over the country
the Council is primarily involved in introducing the Indian gem amp jewellery products to the
international market and promotes their exports To achieve this the Council provides market
information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries trade and tariff regulations rates of
import duties and information about jewellery fairs and exhibitions
ROLE OF GJEPC-
Trade Facilitator
Advisory Role
Nodal Agency for Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
Training and Research
Varied Interests
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3653
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) a representative body
of the trade have taken several steps to improve exports of gems and jewellery and
enhance competitiveness
A medium-term export strategy for various sectors including gems and jewellery
prepared by Ministry of Commerce and IndustryGJEPC and Government constantly exploring the possibility of direct procurement of
rough diamonds from mining countries
Promotion of the image of Indian diamonds and jewellery by GJEPC abroad through
advertisements publicity and participation in international fairs buyer-seller meets
and direct approach to market retailers
Market study by GJEPC through experts in the field to identify new markets
Deployment by GJEPC of Indian designers to various international trade fairs and
exhibitions to study the latest trend in designs
Promotion of export of hallmark jewellery from India to assure foreign customers of
ualit and urit of eweller made in India
INITIATIVE BY GJEPC TO INCREASE THE EXPORT
OF GEM AND JEWELLERY IN INDIA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3753
bull Provision of infrastructure facilities for training to enhance the quality design and
global competitiveness of Indian jewellery A training institute of international level -
Indian Institute of Gem and Jewellery-has been set up The Government plans toorganize buyer-seller meets abroad to showcase the quality and variety of Indian
products under the Market Development Assistance and Market Access Initiative
scheme of the Government
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3853
bull All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) is both a center of knowledge for
the Indian Gems amp Jewellery Industry and an advocate for professionalism
bull Keeping this in mind GJF has created a brand ldquoTRUST MARKrdquo based on high
standards
ldquoTRUST MARK - is an assurance to a customer of the commitment of the jeweller for
his quality amp best business practicesrdquo
Must be registered with BIS
Must sell only certified precious stone jewellery
Must be experienced amp reputed (Minimum 15 yrs)
The Bureau of Indian Standards
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 3953
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) the National Standards Body of India is a statutory body set up underthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and is responsible for hallmarking gold jewellery in India
HALLMARKING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GOLD JEWELLERY
CARATS PERCENTAGE24 Carat 100
22 Carat 9167
18 Carat 7500
STANDARDS FOR SILVER JEWELLERY
Fine Silver 999Jewellery 925 of silver and 75 of copper
STANDARDS FOR DIAMOND JEWELLERY
CLARITY
IF
VVS 1VVS
VS 1
VS 2
SI 1
SI 2
I 1
I 2I3
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4053
GEMS amp JEWELLERY UNDER FTP 2009-2014
The following measures have been announced for gem amp jewellery sector
a) To neutralize duty incidence on gold jewellery exports it has now been decided to allowDuty Drawback on such exports
b) Import of Diamonds on consignment basis for CertificationGrading amp re-export by theauthorized officesagencies of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India or otherapproved agencies will be permitted
c) To promote export of Gems amp Jewellery products the value limit of personal carriagehave been increased from US$ 2 million to US$ 5 million in case of participation inoverseas exhibitions The limit in case of personal carriage as samples for export promotiontours has also been increased from US$ 01 million to US$ 1 million
d) The number of days for re-import of unsold items in case of participation in an exhibitionin USA has been increased to 90 days
e) In an endeavour to make India a Diamond International Diamond Trading Hub it is planned to establish ldquoDiamond Boursesrdquo
f) With an objective to meet the Dollar Credit needs of exporters a Committee has been
constituted with Finance Secretary Commerce Secretary and Chairman IBA
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4153
A new scheme under paragraph 4A2 has been introduced in the Foreign Trade
Policy 2009-2014 (FTP) for import of diamonds for certification and grading and
re-export thereof
(i) This scheme is presently allowed to the authorized officesagencies in India of Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in India only
(ii) GIA shall furnish a general bond to the satisfaction of the AssttDy
Commissioner of Customs at the port of import undertaking to properly account
for the diamonds to follow the specified procedure and to re-export diamonds
within the prescribed period(iii) The import shall be allowed under bill of entry having the detailed description
of the diamonds including inter alia the dimensions weight colour caratage
specification approximate value etc of each piece of diamonds
(iv)The bill of entry should carry the endorsement ldquoonly for certification and
gradingrdquo(v) GIA while taking the diamonds in their unit shall allot a unique bdquocontrol
number‟ for identification purposes and maintain a separate account for such
diamonds
(vi)After the gradingcertification the diamonds shall be re-exported under a
shipping bill containing the detailed description as was mentioned at the time of
import
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4253
Duty Free Import Entitlement (based on FOB value of exports during previousfinancial year)of Consumables Tools and additional items allowed for
bullJewellery made out ofPrecious metals(Other than Gold amp Platinum) ndash 2Gold and Platinum ndash 1Rhodium finished Silver ndash 3
bullCut and Polished Diamonds ndash 1
Personal carriage of Gems amp Jewellery products in case of holding participatingin overseas exhibitions increased to US$ 5 million and to US$ 1 million in case of export promotion tours
In an Endeavour to make India a diamond international trading hub it is plannedto establish ldquoDiamond Bourse(s)rdquo
Th d B f i k b d di i h i il h
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4353
The word Bourse refers to a private stock bond or commodities exchange similar to the
NYSE Diamond Bourses are basically trading exchanges for loose cut and uncut
diamonds The largest diamond trading center in the world is located in Antwerp Belgium
but there are also Diamond Bourses in Israel Hong Kong London Moscow and Shanghai
Almost 85 of the worlds rough diamonds and about half of the polished diamonds are
sold in Antwerp every year and the city is the hub of the global diamond trading industry
Two of the oldest Diamond Bourse in Antwerp were the Diamond Club of Antwerpmdashand
the Beurs voor Diamanthande
Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) is world largest diamond bourse(exchange) based
in Mumbai Maharashtra India Spread over 20 acre plot the Complex is designed to
house around 2500 small and large Diamond Traders in addition to Custom House Banks
and other service providers who will cater to the Gem and Jewellery Trade
The facilities at BDB will include
bull offices of diamond traders
bull
four walk-in vaultsbull 24500 safe deposit boxes
bull a 6200-square-foot (580 m2) trading floor
bull strong rooms
bull lockers customs clearance facilities with all the modern facilities required to carry day
to day business
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4453
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4553
BLOOD DIAMONDS
There are a lot of organizations around the world that strive to stop the manufacturing
of blood diamonds They say that human life is far more important than a simple
jewel Blood diamonds or conflict diamonds (as some people call them) originate in
Africa where rebels force workers to mine them Since they donrsquot mine the diamonds
themselves but rather use the African population by forcing them to work in the minesthese diamonds got their reputation as blood diamonds
Because diamonds are so rare and in such high demand their prices are exorbitant The
money accumulated for these diamonds are used to sustain and fund the wars between
different countries from the same area
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4653
KIMBERLEY PROCESS (KP)
The Kimberley Process came into force when the South African diamond producing
nations met at Kimberley in South Africa in May 2000 The Kimberly Process was set upto discuss ways to stop the trade in bdquoconflict diamonds‟ and to ensure that diamond
purchases did not fund violence As of November 2008 the KP had 49 members
representing 75 countries The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was
implemented in India on January 1 2003 to verify the legitimacy of the import export of
rough diamonds as per the UN resolution and to curb the entry of conflict diamonds into
the global trade flow The system of verification and issuance of KPC is administeredfrom the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC In India‟s Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
the following measures related to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
have been adopted
No import or export of rough diamonds shall be permitted unless accompanied by the KP
certificate as specified by the GJEPC
The export and import of rough diamonds to and from Venezuela has been prohibited by
the Indian government owing to the voluntary separation of Venezuela from the KPCS
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4753
bullUnorganized Sector
Around 90 of the players operate in the unorganized sector mostly in family-run operations Alsobeing largely unorganized the sector mainly uses labor-intensive and indigenous technology thataffects their growth prospects
bullThreat from China
China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India however it is slowlycatching up and is threatening to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominantposition in the world
India also faces threat from China in terms of technology adoption which allows China to processdiamonds at a more competitive price
bullPredominance of the US market and Exchange RateCurrency Risk
The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US markets which is its topexport destination The growth of gems and jewellery sector is heavily dependent on the growth of demand in the US market However the recent appreciation of the rupee vis-agrave-vis the US dollar and a
slowdown of the US economy have aggravated the concerns for the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4853
bullDecreasing Diamond Reserves
The supply of rough diamonds is expected to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are
decreasing There has been no major diamond reserve discovery since 2003 when reserves werelast discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada The reduced supply will push up the
prices of rough diamonds which will further put pressure on margins
bullIssue of Conflict Diamonds
India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of
the same therefore it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds Conflict diamonds are
those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola Liberia Sierra Leone and the
Democratic Republic of Congo to fund illegal military wars In spite of the KP certification there
are issues related to fake KP certificate These fake certificates put diamond importing countries
at a risk of dealing in conflict diamonds
The issues that need to be addressed by the
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 4953
The issues that need to be addressed by the
Government of India immediately are as follows
bull Exclusion from the powers of the Authorized Officer the power to seize any bullion
precious or semiprecious stones or jewellery which is held as stock in- trade of the
business under the proposed Direct Tax Code (DTC)
bull Continuation of all measures announced under Fiscal Stimulus packages for the
Industry till end of 2011
bull Creation of a Diamond Gem amp Jewellery Dollar Fund to cater to the dollar credit
needs of the exporters from the sector
bull Credit limits sanctioned to the exporters by banks as on 31032009 may be
continued to exporters of good track record (except for those whose accounts have
been declared as NPA) till 31032011 without putting additional conditions
bull Government should help in sourcing of rough diamonds from countries like Africa
Russia Canada South America amp etc
bull Allowance of consignment import of rough diamonds for trading assortment auction
etc to make India an ldquoInternational Diamond Trading Hubrdquo
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5053
Entering New Markets
The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years Howeverwith the current global slowdown the dependence on the US market has affected the Indian gems
and jewellery sector tremendously The sector is exploring new locations to diversify business
and to minimize the risk Russia Middle East and China are few of the emerging destinations that
are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap
these countries to diversify and increase their business
Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds
India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world India‟s vast low cost and
extremely skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries However itis predominantly involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds which weigh less
than one carat Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high global share in terms of
number of pieces however in terms of value the share is much lower By moving up the value
chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports Large
diamonds are less commonly found in nature therefore the price of a diamond rises
exponentially with its size
Value Addition
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5153
Value Addition
There exists a huge opportunity for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds
and to export diamondstudded jewellery India is already a leader in processing small-sized
diamonds and it also has inherent capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery
Jewellery Retail
The Indian retail sector is growing rapidly This provides an excellent opportunity for the Indian
players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up
in the Indian markets Further this move will also provide an organized structure to the largely
unorganized gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5253
Outlook
The outlook for the gem and jewellery sector is positive
On account of the global recovery the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a
recovery mode In December 2009 the exports from the sector grew by 4535 as
compared with the same period in 2008
According to GJEPC the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009
which indicates a gradual recovery for the sector The positive trend is expected tocontinue as major economies are showing signs of recovery which is resulting in
fresh orders for the sector
bullFurther the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic
market going forward As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India
there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic marketbullHigh interest rate being charged by the banks on export credit
bullScarcity of dollar credit for sourcing of rough diamonds
bullReduction in sanction on extension of credit limits to gem and jewellery exporters
bullBiased rating of gem ampjewellery firms by Credit rating agencies in India
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies
822019 gems n j final
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullgems-n-j-final 5353
Potential growth areas are in diamond studded jewellery amp silver jewellery Exports to
non traditional markets like China Russia and CIS will grow if they come up with trade
friendly norms 2009-10 will see around 5 growth from previous year‟s exports and the
same growth rate may continue in 2010-11
Sales in the Global Market expected to grow up to US$37 billion by2015
Diamond industry to grow over 95 between 2010 ndash 2015
GJEPC initiated IIJS Signature to promote India as the preferred sourcefor jewellery and eventually build brand lsquoIndia
All India Gems amp Jewellery Trade Federation (GJF) recently held thefirst of its kind leadership summit for the jewellery industry in aneffort to corporatize the ways of working and streamlining policies