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8/11/2019 GEBE 1 - The Globalisation Phenomena-2
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27 aot 2007 http://christophe.benavent.free.fr 1
European and Global
Business Environment :
Images of Demographics andEconomical globalisation
Christophe Benavent
Professor University Paris
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!orld "odern #istory
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$actors of globalisation
Theory of comparative advantage Ricardo) the non mobilityhypothesis Explaining International specialization
World as a region (Krgman) and the attraction la! the mobility
hypothesis "cale economies The geographical economy
The dynamic of innovation #ommnication and Information $ no barriers to the diffsion of
innovation
%oining the technology frontier ( &ass edcation) &oving the technology frontier ( 'niversity edcation)
estion of externalities learning externalities agglomeration
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%he comparative advantage
la&
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'e mod(le de %edlo& )scale
economy*
(I)Marchs
fra!ents
(II)Marchs
nationa"#
(III)Marchs
se!ents
(I$)%&oba&isation
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Population density
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Economic $lo&s
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%he triad )+,,,*
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Development process
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-ituation of today
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Globali/ation 0 trade
International trade in goods, 2005 China
Exports *+,-- Imports /0,01 Trade Balance 2/,10
European Union Exports -+-,21 Imports 0342,0* Trade Balance 5+2,1-
Japan
Exports /,14 Imports 4+/,-- Trade Balance 11,1 United States
Exports *2-,/ Imports 022+,23 Trade Balance 5-+,++
Selon l!conomiste am!ricain "aul #$ %rugman, &uatre nou'eaut!s ma(eurescaract!risent l)!'olution du commerce international depuis 25 ans$
6e commerce intra5branches7 6e d8copage de la prodction de valer a9ot8e en diff8rents liex (exemple$ l:ordinater dont les
composants sont fabri;8s en diff8rents endroits)7
6:8mergence de pays s nepetite transformation ("ingapor? @ongAong? et assi dans ne certaine mesre? l:Irlande? la Belgi;e o la&alaisie)7
6:8mergence d:exportations de prodits manfactr8s venant de pays C bas salaires vers les pays riches,
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1 vie& of global trade
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International trade
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But small countries are really
international
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Cost of communication
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Diffusion of innovation and
transports
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Income distribution : &orld
evolution
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-ome business 23D effort
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Income of U- #ousehold
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Distribution of Income for
Bra/il
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Case of france
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Case of Indonesia
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Evolution of Ine4ualities in
!estern Countries
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#appiness
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EUropean map
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!ealth disparities
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European budget : spending
5+, billions euros
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2evenue : 657+89 GP
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Decision process