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364 Persoonia–Volume43,2019
Geastrum lanuginosum
365Fungal Planet description sheets
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
FungalPlanet1013–18December2019
Geastrum lanuginosum R.V.B.Araújo,J.O.Sousa,M.P.Martín,Baseia&B.D.BSilva, sp. nov. Etymology.Name reflects thewoolly appearanceof theexoperidiumsurface.
Classification—Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes.
Unexpanded basidiomata epigeous,darktopalebrown(N70Y-99M50toN60Y99M40;Küppers2002),globosetosubglobose,1.8–6.8×2.8–14mm,surfacecottony,spongy,withhyphaltufts forming an areolate pattern, lacking encrusting debris, presenceof subiculumwhite (N00M00C00) little developedcoveringthesubstrate,withrhizomorphsadheredtothebase.Expanded basidiomata saccate,5.7–11.2×16.5–30.2mm(in-cludingperistome).Exoperidiumsplittinginto5–6rays,planartorevolute,recurvedunderthebasidiomata,non-hygroscopic.Mycelial layer darkbrown(N70Y99M50,N80Y99M50)whenfresh,becomingpaler(N60Y99M40,N70Y99M40)whendry,not encrusted with debris, persistent, there is no double layer, surface free of incrustations, cottony and persistent in all basi-diomata, formed by hyaline hyphae, acuminate-strangled.Fibrous layer lightbeige(N00Y50M20),paperysurface,formedbyfilamentoushyphaewiththinwalls,0.5–1µmdiam.Pseudo-parenquimatous layer whiteice(N10M00C00),rimosewhendried,persistent,consistsofbrownhyphae,13–50×15–47µm.Endoperidialbodypalegrey(N60Y20M20),globose,4–10×8–21.3mm,sessile,glabroussurface.Apophysis and pedicel absent.Peristome fibrillose,slightlydelimited,upto1mmhigh,mammiform,samecolourasendoperidium.Columella circular to columnar, central, yellowishwhite (N00C00Y10).Mature gleba dark brown (N90Y70M40).Basidiospores globose, brownishin5%KOH,3–4µmdiam[av.=3.4±1.2×3.7±0.5µm,Qm=1,n=20],verrucoseinSEM,columnarwarts,upto0.5µm,roundedatapex. Eucapillitium brownish, thin-walled (<1µmdiam),2–5µmdiam.
Typus.braZil, Bahia, Salvador, Federal University of Bahia, on leaf litter covered soil and wood, near to Guareaguidonea(Meliaceae)inananthro-pisedarea,29May2017,B.D.B. Silva, M.L.V.D. Costa & R.R. Fermiano (holotypeALCB-129358, isotypeUFRN3168, ITS and LSU sequencesGenBankMK940901andMK936167,MycoBankMB830896).
Notes—ThephylogeneticanalysisgroupedGeastrum la-nuginosum in the section Exareolata (Zamoraetal.2014)withG. aculeatum, G. albonigrum, G. argentinum, G. caririense, G. echinulatum, G. inpaense, G. ishikawae and G. rufensens. All these species havehyphal projections on their exoperi-dium, as does G. lanuginosum. Morphologically, G. aculeatum and G. echinulatum are similar to G. lanuginosum;however,G. aculeatumhaslargerbasidiospores(5–7.5µmdiam)andanexoperidiumwithaculeatehyphaltufts,andG. echinulatum has a well-developed subiculum, non-delimited peristome, and
pseudoparenquimatouslayerthatisreddishwhenfresh(Silvaetal.2013a).Theotherspeciesofthesectionaremorphologi-cally distinguished by: hirsute mycelial layer and peristome not delimited in G. albonigrum(Calonge&Mata2004);hirsutemyceliallayerandlargerbasidiospores(upto6.4µm)inG. in- paense (Cabral et al. 2014); non-delimited peristome andlargerbasidiospores(upto7µm)inG. ishikawae (Crousetal.2016a);lightlyencrustedmyceliallayer,orangetopalebrown,and larger basidiospores in G. caririense (Crousetal.2017a);non-delimited peristome, mycelial layer strongly encrusted withdebrisandsand,and largerbasidiospores(5–6µm) inG. rufescens (Sunhede1989);andnon-delimitedperistome,developedsubiculumandlargerbasidiospores(4.8–5.6µm)in G. argentinum (Zamoraet al. 2014).Geastrum lanugino-sum could be morphologically compared to G. javanicum and G. velutinum, although these species cluster in a different phylogeneticsection(sect.Myceliostroma subsect.Velutinae).Furthermore, these two species also have a well-developed subiculum, distinct delimited peristome and an ephemeral myceliallayerwithoutstrangulated-acuminatehyphae.
RuaneV.B.Araújo&BiancaD.B.Silva,InstitutodeBiologia,UniversidadeFederaldaBahia,Salvador,Bahia,Brazil;e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]
JuliethO.Sousa&IuriG.Baseia,DepartamentodeBotânicaeZoologia,CentrodeBiociências,UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoNorte,Brazil;e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]
MaríaP.Martín,DepartamentodeMicología,RealJardínBotánico-CSIC,PlazadeMurillo2,28014Madrid,Spain;e-mail:[email protected]
Colour illustrations. Brazil,Bahia,Salvador,UniversidadeFederal daBahia,wherethespecimenswerecollected.Immaturebasidiomata;maturebasidiomata; organization of exoperidium hyphae; hyphae acuminate-strangledfrommycelial layer;basidiosporesunderSEM.All imagesfromholotypeALCB-129358.Scalebars=10mm(maturebasidiomata),5mm(immaturebasidiomata),1.4mm(organizationofexoperidiumhyphae),30µm (hyphaeacuminate-strangled),1µm(basidiosporesunderSEM).
ThefirstofthreeequallymostparsimonioustreesoftheITSnrDNAsequencealignmentwereobtainedfromaheuristicsearch.TheanalysiswasconductedwithPAUPv.4.0b10(Swofford2003)with10000bootstrapreplicates.Thenew Geastrumspeciesdescribedhereisindicatedingreen.TheaccessionnumbersfromEMBL/GenBankdatabasesareindicatedonthetree.Bootstrapsupportvaluesgreaterthan50%forParsimonyandMaximum-Likelihoodareindicatedonthebranches.Maximum-LikelihoodanalysiswasrunwithRAxML-HPC2 v.8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) under aGTRGAMMAmodel.Geastrum fornicatum wasincludedasoutgroup.CorelDRAW®X8softwarewasusedtoeditthefinaltree.
