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Geant4 updates
Makoto Asai (SLAC/SCCS)G4NAMU meeting @ OrlandoJul/30/2006
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 2
Contents
• Short introduction to Geant4
• New features in versions 8.0 and 8.1
• New features foreseen in version 9.0
• Short introduction to gMocren (former GRAPE)
• Conferences of interests
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 3
What is Geant4?
• Geant4 is the successor of GEANT3, the world-
standard toolkit for HEP detector simulation.
• Geant4 is one of the first successful attempt to
re-design a major package of HEP software for
the next generation of experiments using an
Object-Oriented environment.
• A variety of requirements have also taken into
account from heavy ion physics, CP violation
physics, cosmic ray physics, astrophysics, space
science and medical applications.
• In order to meet such requirements, a large
degree of functionality and flexibility are provided.
• G4 is not only for HEP but goes well beyond that.
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 4
Flexibility of Geant4• In order to meet wide variety of requirements fro
m various application fields, a large degree of fu
nctionality and flexibility are provided.
• Geant4 has many types of geometrical descriptio
ns to describe most complicated and realistic ge
ometries
– CSG, BREP and Boolean solids
– Placement, replica, divided, parameterized, r
eflected and grouped
– XML interface
• Everything is open to the user
– Choice of physics processes/models
– Choice of GUI, Visualization, persistency, his
togramming technologies
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 5
Physics in Geant4• It is rather unrealistic to develop a uniform physics model to cover wide variety of
particles and/or wide energy range.
• Much wider coverage of physics comes from mixture of theory-driven, parameter
ized, and empirical formulae. Thanks to polymorphism mechanism, both cross-s
ections and models (final state generation) can be combined in arbitrary manner
s into one particular process.
• Geant4 offers
– EM processes
– Hadronic processes
– Photon/lepton-hadron processes
– Optical photon processes
– Decay processes
– Shower parameterization
– Event biasing techniques
– And you can plug-in more
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 6
Geant4 – Its history• Dec ’94 - Project start
• Apr ’97 - First alpha release
• Jul ’98 - First beta release
• Dec ’98 - First Geant4 public release
• …
• Dec 17th, ’04 - Geant4 version 7.0 release
• June 30th, ’05 - Geant4 version 7.1 release
• Dec 16th, ’05 - Geant4 version 8.0 release
– Feb 10th, ’06 - Geant4 8.0-patch01 release
• June 30th, ’06 - Geant4 version 8.1 release
– Jul 27th, ’06 - Geant4 8.1-patch01 release
• We currently provide two to three public releases every year.
– Bimonthly beta releases are available to the registered beta-testers.
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 7
Geant4 Collaboration
Collaborators also from non-member institutions, including
Budker Inst. of PhysicsIHEP Protvino
MEPHI Moscow Pittsburg University
Lebedev
TRIUMF
J.W.GoetheUniversität
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 8
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 9
http://top25.sciencedirect.com/index.php?subject_area_id=21
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 10
http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2004/november04-eng.html
http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/jan05-eng.html
http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/mar05-eng.html
http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/may05-eng.html
http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/july05-eng.html
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 11
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 12Courtesy of S.Incerti (IN2P3/CNRS)
MAXIISS Columbus AMS
EUSO
Bepi Colombo SWIFT
LISA
Smart-2
ACE
INTEGRAL
Astro-E2
JWSTGAIA
Herschel
Cassini
GLAST
XMM-Newton
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 14
Cou
rtes
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k, K
TH
Sto
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July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 16
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 17
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 18
Harald Paganetti
GEANT4 based proton dose calculation in a clinical environment: technical aspects, strategies and challenges
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 19
Geant4 8.0 - general picture1. New capabilities
– EM (‘standard’) : new MSC model implementation
– New design for particle definitions, no longer ‘static’
– Concrete scoring and filter classes
– Geometry overlap check at construction
2. Improvements and fixes
– to existing hadronic physics modeling & models
– in physics process implementations
3. Migrations, updates
– Support for CLHEP 2.0.X series
– Keeping compatibility with 1.9.X series
– Usage of <sstream> replacing obsolete <strstream>
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 20
Geant4 8.1 - general picture1. Adoption of a new Geant4 Software License
2. New capabilities
– Updated particle definitions to match PDG-2005
– New ‘material scanner’ utility
– New ‘tessellated’ solids for interface with CAD systems
– ß-release of very low-energy processes in water
3. Numerous improvements in EM “standard” physics
– Simulation of back-scattering improved
– Tail of angular distribution now material dependent
– Visible energy in sampling calorimeters less sensitive to production threshold
3. Fixes in hadronic physics and reviewed physics-lists
– New combined elastic-scattering models
– Extended use of Binary and Bertini cascade models
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 21
EM Physics• New stepping algorithm for multiple-
scattering process (since 8.0)
– To improve behavior of low energy
particles
– Significantly reduced cut
dependency
– More precise visible energy in
sampling calorimeters
– Limits step size for particles
– Extra CPU cost when using same
value of production thresholds
– Mechanism provided to deactivate
step limitation
• Refinements to multiple scattering process (version 8.1)
– Improved back-scattering
– Improved scattering on very thin layers
– Tail of angular distribution now material dependent
– Even less sensitive to production thresholds in sampling calorimeters
• Reintroduced option to create secondaries below the cut near geometrical boundaries (sub-cutoff)
• Improved simulation of ionization for ions
– Data from NIST databases used
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 22
Physics … more
• Synchrotron radiation (version 8.1)
• New process version released: new methods for angular distributions; enha
nced to work with local fields and set polarization
• Transition radiation (version 8.1)
• New algorithm for XTR angular distribution
• Multiple scattering does not use table
– Needed to ensure repeatability
• Refined PAI (Photon-Absorption-Ionisation) model
• Low energy EM (version 8.1)
• New models for photoelectric angular distribution
• ß-release of low energy processes in water down to eV scale (Geant4-DN
A)
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 23
More …• Data sets
– New data set for high precision neutron processes G4NDL 3.9 (release 8.1)
– New data set for low-energy EM processes G4EMLOW 4.0 (release 8.1)
• Examples
– New extended examples:
• TestEm0 - uses G4EmCalculator to print x-sections and stopping power
• TestEm16 - simulation of synchrotron radiation
• Hadr01 - simulation of proton/ion beam interaction in water
• Parameterization/gflash - usage of gflash for shower parameterization
• Persistency/P01 - object persistency through Reflex
– New advanced examples:
• Microbeam - cellular irradiation beam line at CENBG facility, France
• Raredecay_calorimetry - photonuclear reactions for photon inefficiency
• Radiation_monitor - LHC radiation monitoring detectors
– Many improvements and fixes …
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 24
New features foreseen in 9.0 • Scheduled release date - December 15th, 2006
• Kernel / Geometry
– Parallel navigator, first implementation
– Revision of biasing/scoring processes
– Optimized navigation for voxelized phantom geometries
– Addition of magnetic moment to particle properties
– Ability to change temperature and density of gaseous materials
• Visualisation and Graphics Representations
– Support visualization of G4Polyhedra with generic constructor
– Extensions to G4RichTrajectory and provide examples
– Provide convenient visualization tools for new Scorers
– Provide solution integrated into normal visualization system for visualization of DICOM files
– Full support for visualization of boolean shapes
– Support visualisation of regions/envelopes/parallel geometries
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 25
New features foreseen in 9.0 • Standard EM
– Updates to ionisation processes
• Spin and mass effects for pions, muons, kaons
• Ability to plug-in user data for stopping powers
• Alternative multiple-scattering processes for different particle types
– e+, e-, muons, hadrons and ions
– Introduction of K-L shell X-rays in photo-electric process
• Low-energy EM
– Low energy extensions in water (down to O(1eV))
– Evaluation of Penelope multiple scattering
– Low energy extensions in silicon
• Hadronic Physics
– Evaluate and improve hadronic elastic scattering
– Extension to G4NDL data library and repackaging using ENDF
– Development of sub-models of Bertini cascade and application to ions
– Binary cascade interface to string models
– Review of total, elastic, inelastic cross sections
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 26
gMocren
• gMocren (former GRAPE) is being developed for the purpose of visualizing patient d
ata with a dose distribution which is calculated by Geant4-based simulation for the ra
diotherapy.
• This activity is a part of the project, "Development of Simulation Framework for Adva
nced Radio Therapy" supporting by CREST, JST (Core Research for Evolutional Sci
ence and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency).
• gMocren home page
http://geant4.kek.jp/gMocren/
– Currently, only the Windows version is available for download. Linux version sho
uld come soon.
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 27
Screen shots of gMocren
July 30, 2006 Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS) 28
Conferences of interests• First European Workshop on Monte Carlo Treatment Planning of the European
Workgroup on MCTP
– October 22 - 25, 2006
– Gent, Belgium
• The Japan-Taiwan Symposium on Simulation in Medicine
– December 12 - 15, 2006
– Tsukuba, Japan
• Monte Carlo techniques in radiotherapy and verification : Third McGill International
Workshop
– May 28 - June 1, 2007
– McGill University, Montreal, Canada