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GDP Per Capita
Constant 2000 US$
Source: World Bank 2006
Country US$
Japan 38,609
United States 36,655
United Kingdom 26,363
Canada 24,688
Germany 23,705
France 23,432
Mexico 5,968
Russian Federation 2,286
China 1,323
India 538
Exports of Goods and Services
As Percent of GDP
Source: World Bank 2006
Country Percent
Canada 38.3
Germany 38.0
Russian Federation 35.0
China 34.0
Mexico 30.1
France 26.0
United Kingdom 24.7
India 19.1
Japan 11.8
United States 9.6
Exports to NAFTA
Merchandise Exports
20072006200520042003200220012000199919981997
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
Percent Change, Year Ago
CanadaMexico
Source: Global Insight
U.S. Imports on the Rise
Level of Imports from Selected Countries
Source: Global Insight
0604020098969492908886
100
80
60
40
20
0
US$ Billions
Mexico CanadaJapanS. KoreaChina
U.S. Imports on the Rise
As Percent Share of all U.S. Imports
Source: Global Insight
0604020098969492908886
25
20
15
10
5
0
Percent
Mexico CanadaJapanS. KoreaChina
U.S. Trade Balance With Mexico Merchandise Trade
Source: Global Insight
0604020098969492908886
50
40
30
20
10
0
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
US$ Billions US$ Billions
Exports to Mexico - LImports from Mexico - LTrade Balance - R
U.S. Imports from Mexico 2006
Source: ITA
Electric
Machinery;
Sound & TV
Equip
24%
All Other
30%
Mineral Fuel,
Oil; Bitumin
Subst.; Mineral
Wax
17%
Vehicles and
Parts
17%
Nuclear
Reactors,
Boilers,
Machinery
12%
Other
Vegetables and
Preparations
23%
Other
Beverages,
excl. fruit juice
4%
Peppers
7%
Livestock and
animal
products
10%
Other
Agricultual
Products
8%
Fruit and
Preparations
19%
Beer
18%
Tomatoes
11%
U.S. Agricultural Products from Mexico 2005
Source: USDA
Top World Oil Producers* 2005
Source: EIA
*Table includes all countries total oil production exceeding 2 million
barrels per day in 2005.
Total Oil Production
(million barrels per day)
1 Saudi Arabia 11.1
2 Russia 9.5
3 United States 8.2
4 Iran 4.2
5 Mexico 3.8
6 China 3.8
7 Canada 3.1
8 Norway 3.0
9 United Arab Emirates 2.8
10 Venezuela 2.8
Rank Country
Top World Oil Net Exporters* 2005
Source: EIA
*Table includes all countries with net exports exceeding 1 million
barrels per day in 2005.
Net Oil Exports
(million barrels per day)
1 Saudi Arabia 9.1
2 Russia 6.7
3 Norway 2.7
4 Iran 2.6
5 United Arab Emirates 2.4
6 Nigeria 2.3
7 Kuwait 2.3
8 Venezuela 2.2
9 Algeria 1.8
10 Mexico 1.7
Rank Country
U.S. Trade Balance With Canada Merchandise Trade
Source: Global Insight
0604020098969492908886
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
US$ Billions US$ Billions
Exports to Canada- LImports from Canada- LTrade Balance - R
High-Tech Exports As Percent of GDP
0402009896949290
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Percent
United States
Canada
Mexico
Source: World Bank 2006
IndiaRussian Fed.
CanadaMexico
U.KFrance
JapanGermany
ChinaU.S.
250
200
150
100
50
0
US$ Billions
High-Tech Exports Level*
*Data is for most recent year available
Source: World Bank 2006
Foreign Direct Investment
Net Outflows as a Percent of GDP
Source: World Bank 2006
Country Percent
Canada 4.8
United Kingdom 3.8
France 2.3
United States 2.2
Russian Federation 1.8
Japan 0.7
Mexico 0.5
India 0.2
China 0.1
Germany -0.3
Foreign Direct Investment
Net Inflows as a Percent of GDP
Source: World Bank 2006
Country Percent
United Kingdom 3.4
China 2.8
Mexico 2.6
Russian Federation 2.2
France 1.2
United States 0.9
India 0.8
Canada 0.6
Japan 0.2
Germany -1.3
Current Account Deficit Increases United States
050095908580
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
US$ Billions Percent
Balance (L)Share of GDP (R)
Source: BEA
Comparison of Hourly LaborCost Index Relative to U.S.
JapanU.K.
IrelandCanada
Russian F.Mexico
China India
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
U.S. = 100
Source: McKinsey&Co.
Labor Productivity Output Per Hour in Manufacturing, 2004
U.K.CanadaGermanyFranceJapanU.S.
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
1992 = 100
Source: BLS
Cost Advantage Relative to U.S. Manufacturing, (U.S.= 0)
JapanGermany
ItalyU.K.
NetherlandsFrance
CanadaSingapore
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
Percent
Source: KPMG
Cost Advantage Relative to U.S. Research and Development, (U.S.= 0)
GermanyJapan
U.K.Italy
FranceCanada
NetherlandsSingapore
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
Percent
Source: KPMG
Cost Advantage Relative to U.S. Software, (U.S.= 0)
GermanyJapan
U.K.Italy
FranceNetherlands
CanadaSingapore
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
Percent
Source: KPMG
Cost Advantage Relative to U.S. All Sectors, (U.S.= 0)
GermanyJapan
U.K.Italy
FranceNetherlands
CanadaSingapore
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
Percent
Source: KPMG
Prevalence Rates of EntrepreneurialActivity Overall Business Owners (Nascent + New Established)
JapanFrance
GermanySweden
U.K.Italy
SwitzerlandU.S.
CanadaChina
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Percent
Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
Supply of Offshore Talent McKinsey Global Institute
According to Survey of 83 HR Professionals:
• In low-wage counties, on average only 13% of
university graduates are suitable to work in a multinational company
• Driven by China and India, only 7% of the
workforce in low -wage countries has at least a college degree
• Fewer than 10% of potential job candidates in China were suitable for work in a foreign
company
Tertiary Education Attainment
As Percent of Population
ItalyMexico
FranceGermany
U.KKorea
JapanU.S.
CanadaRussian Fed.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Percent
Source: OECD
Burden of Government Regulation
(1 = Burdensome, 7 = Not Burdensome)
Russian Fed.Mexico
IndiaGermany
Korea, Rep.U.K.
Canada China
U.S. Japan
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Score
Mean = 3.1
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-’07
Quality of Math and Science Education
(1 = Lag Far Behind Most Countries, 7 = Among Best in the World)
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-’07
MexicoChina
Russian Fed.U.S.
U.K.Germany
Korea, Rep.Canada
JapanIndia
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
Score
Mean = 4.0
Technological Readiness
(1 = Lags Behind Other Counties, 7 = Is Among World Leaders)
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-’07
Russian Fed.China
MexicoIndia
Korea, Rep.U.K.
CanadaU.S.
GermanyJapan
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
Score
Mean = 3.9
Value Chain Presence
(1 = Companies Primarily Involved in Resource Production, 7 = Do
More than Just Produce)
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ’06-’07
Russian Fed.China
CanadaMexico
IndiaKorea, Rep.
U.S.U.K.
JapanGermany
7
6
5
4
3
2
Score
Mean = 3.8
Company Spending on R&D
(1 = Do not Spend Money on R&D, 7 = Spend Heavily on R&D)
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-’07
MexicoRussian Fed.
ChinaIndia
CanadaU.K.
Korea, Rep.Germany
U.S.Japan
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
Score
Mean = 3.4
University Collaboration
(1 = Minimal or Nonexistent, 7 = Intensive and Ongoing)
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-’07
Russian Fed.Mexico
IndiaChina
Korea, Rep.Canada
U.K.Japan
GermanyU.S.
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
Score
Mean = 3.3
Availability of Scientists and Engineers
(1 = Nonexistent or Rare, 7 = Widely Available)
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-’07
ChinaMexico
Russian Fed.Korea, Rep.
U.K.U.S.
GermanyCanada
IndiaJapan
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
Score
Mean = 4.4
Researchers
Per Thousand Employed
Source: OECD
IndiaMexico
ChinaKorea, Rep
GermanyRussian Fed.
CanadaFrance
U.S.Japan
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Per Thousand Employed
2004200320022001200019991998199719961995
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Thousands
Biotech Patents Issued in U.S. All Universities, Cumulative
Capacity for Innovation
(1 = Low, 7 = High)
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-’07
MexicoRussian Fed.
ChinaIndia
CanadaKorea, Rep.
U.K.U.S.
JapanGermany
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
Score
Mean = 3.5
Broadband Subscribers
Per 1000 People
Source: World Bank 2006
Country Per 1000 People
Canada 164.3
Japan 145.8
United States 129.0
France 108.2
United Kingdom 102.5
Germany 83.7
China 16.5
Mexico 3.1
Russian Federation 0.86
India 0.65
U.S. Competitive Advantages Global Competitiveness Report, 2006-2007
Category Rank/125
Utility Patents 1
Brain Drain 1
Venture Capital Availability 1
Personal Computers 2
Quality of Scientific Research Institutions 2
Extent of Marketing 2
Company Spending on R&D 3
Time Required to Start a Business 3
Tertiary Enrollment 4
University/Industry Collaboration 4
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-07
U.S. Competitive Disadvantages Global Competitiveness Report, 2006-2007
Category Rank/125
Business Costs of Terrorism 111
Government Surplus/Deficit 101
Government Debt 73
Organized Crime 55
Foreign Ownership Restrictions 43
Quality of Math and Science Ed. 42
Favoritism in Decisions of Government Officials 39
Prevalence of Trade Barriers 36
Judicial Independence 36
Real Effective Exchange Rate 35
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-07
Mexico’s Competitive Advantages Global Competitiveness Report, 2006-2007
Category Rank/125
FDI and Tech Transfer 20
Primary Enrollment 21
Cooperation in Labor-Employer Relations 27
Foreign Ownership restrictions 31
Value Chain Presence 38
Financial Market Sophistication 38
Extent of Marketing 40
University/Industry Collaboration 40
Laws Relating to ICT 42
Quality of Management Schools 43
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-07
Mexico’s Competitive Disadvantages Global Competitiveness Report, 2006-2007
Category Rank/125
Business Costs of Crime and Violence 117
Organized Crime 114
Reliability of Police Services 105
Agricultural Policy Costs 102
Quality of Math and Science Ed. 101
Burden of Government Compliance 94
Time Required to Start a Business 93
Availability of Scientist and Engineers 85
Public Trust of Politicians 85
Quality of the Education System 82
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-07
Canada’s Competitive Advantages Global Competitiveness Report, 2006-2007
Category Rank/125
Number of Procedures to Start a Business 1
Time Required to Start a Business 2
Soundness of Banks 5
Quality of Management Schools 4
Personal Computers 5
Extent of Marketing 8
Financial Market Sophistication 9
Availability of Scientist and Engineers 9
Utility Patents 10
Quality of Scientific Research Institutions 11
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-07
Canada’s Competitive Disadvantages Global Competitiveness Report, 2006-2007
Category Rank/125
Real Effective Exchange Rate 107
Government Debt 89
Business Costs of Terrorism 74
Extent and Effect of Taxation 66
Cellular Telephones 55
Flexibility of Wage Determination 50
Value Chain Presence 46
Cooperation in Labor-Employer Relations 42
Prevalence of Trade Barriers 39
Burden of Government Compliance 38
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report ‘06-07
Mexico - Map
The United States Has the World’s LargestEconomy and Growth Has Outpaced OtherDeveloped Economies
Source: Global Insight
Source: Global Insight
The United States Leads All MajorEconomies in GDP Per Capita
More Diverse and Older Workers AreDriving Growth in the American Workforce
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Source: Office of Advocacy, U.S. Small Business Administration
Small and Medium-Sized FirmsCreate Most New Jobs
Source: International Intellectual Property Alliance, “2004-2005 Estimated Trade
Losses Due to Copyright Piracy” (Sep. 18, 2006)
American Businesses Lose Billions of DollarsAnnually Due to Intellectual Property Violations
Source: Updated version of Figure 1 in David H. Autor, Frank Levy, and Richard J. Murnane, “The Skill Content Of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration,” Quarterly Journal of
Economics, 118(4), November 2003. See also Frank Levy and Richard J. Murnane, “How Computerized Work and Globalization Shape Human Skill Demands,” (May 31, 2006)
Higher-Order Skills Have Grown inImportance, Driven by TechnologicalChange and Globalization
Immigrants, Women and MinoritiesHelp Drive U.S. Entrepreneurship
Source: Robert W. Fairlie, “Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity: National Report, 1996-2005” (2005)
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
The United States Has High Levelsof Job Churn
U.S. Multinationals Sell Three Times MoreThrough Foreign Operations Than Through Exports
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
U.S. consumption has drivenexport-led growth around the world
Source: Global Insight, Inc.
Energy expenditures are a growingshare of U.S. economic output
Source: International Energy Agency, Annual Energy Outlook 2006
Regional competitiveness(International Competitiveness Index: IMCO)
52.5
61.7
63.2
53.2
61.3
63.0
Asia EEC NAFTA
2004
2006
Source : IMCO, Punto de Inflexi ón: Situaci ón de la Competitividad de M éxico, (2007)
Canada’s Performance in the
Global Economy
• Canada’s economic performance has been strong over the
past decade
• Canada’s macroeconomic framework created the right
conditions for improvement in living standards and
sustained economic growth.
– Lowest debt burden among G7
– Low and stable inflation
– Declining taxes
– Among the strongest employment growth in G7
– Among the strongest real GDP growth per capita in G7
• But the rest of the world has not stood still. Canada faces
new pressures on our prosperity.
Competitiveness and
Prosperity Pressures
• Trade, Investment, and Technology flows fuel productivitygrowth. These flows face new domestic and internationalchallenges:
• Domestic
– Demographic challenges to expanding our highly skilledworkforce
– Trade and investment barriers in service industries
• International
– Competitors’ rapidly improving business climates andincreased efforts to attract FDI and innovation
– Emerging markets’ growing share of FDI and innovation
– China and India integrated into global economy and movingup global value chains
– Appreciating Canadian dollar
Source of imports
NAFTA EU ASIA Others
NAFTA 34.90% 16.67% 32.03% 16.41%
Importer EU 6.12% 61.99% 12.94% 18.95%
ASIA 10.62% 10.84% 54.93% 23.61%
Others 11.84% 37.43% 21.96% 28.77%
Source: IMF DOTS for year 2005
Regional Trade Integration
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Growth in Merchandise Trade
2000-2005
%
ASIA*(excl Japan)
EU-25North
America
* Asia includes China, India, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, South Korea, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and others
Source: IMF
Exp
ort
sIm
port
s
Exp
ort
sIm
port
s
Exp
ort
sIm
port
s
60
66.0%
59.4%
49.2%
Geographical Distribution of China’s Imports*(Share of Chinese Imports Sourced from Within Geographic Area Covered by Circle)
* Merchandise Imports
Source: DFAIT calculations based on data from China Customs
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
90
92
94
96
98
'00
'02
'04
'05
North America’s Share of World
%
Outward FDIInward FDI
Imports
Source: UNCTAD and WTO
Exports