GCSE Product DesignExam Master Class

21st June 2018

Welcome

Thank you for coming to this master class!

It’s been a tough few weeks for you and I really appreciate that you are here

today. It’s your last exam so let’s have one last burst of motivation and hard

work!

The aim of the these master classes is to fully prepare you for your written

GCSE examination.

Over the next two sessions we will be looking at the two biggest questions in

the exam paper, the design question (nursery themed) and the manufacturing

in schools (production line question). We will also be looking at exam question

technique, and going over a few key topics that are likely to pop up in the

exam.

What we are going to do today

The preliminary material this year stated that the theme for the exam and the design question is a FOOD CARRIER

This is all we know going into the exam so you need to be prepared for every possible scenario.

We have practiced a few options that we think it might be

Today we are going to

analyse different products designed for carrying food

Look at past papers to see what sort of thing is asked on the design question

How it compares to the preliminary material

Look at the pattern of questions that have been on the exam in the least 5 years

Answer exam style questions

Discuss exam technique

2018 Preliminary MaterialPreliminary Material Instructions

You will receive this Preliminary Material on or after 1 March 2017.

Please see below for the context for some of the examination questions.

Between 1 March and the examination date you will be able to research the

context with the guidance of your teacher.

You must not take any Preliminary Material or any associated material into the

examination room.

Information

The Preliminary Material is to be seen by teachers and candidates only, for use

during preparation for the examination on Monday 26 June 2017. It cannot be

used by anyone else for any purpose, other than as stated in the instructions

issued, until after the examination date has passed. It must not be provided to

third parties.

Context • Food Carrier

Exploring previous ‘design questions’ from past

GCSE papers over the last few years.

2016 question and preliminary material

2015 question and preliminary material

2015 question and preliminary material

2015 question and preliminary material

Keywords and phrases linked to packed lunch containers

Exploring a variety of possible designs and

scenarios to be fully prepared…

Example 1 of a possible design

Example 2 of a possible design

Themed Design

Example 3 of a possible design

Jigsaw design

(Unusual Design)

Example 4 of a possible design

Disposable food carrier (The main design we will focus on)

Example of net

Example of packaging labels you can include

Example of layout of drawings

Example of a finished final design

Activity. Complete the question:

You are to design a disposable food carrier to contain

and protect its contents. The carrier will be used by

people who enjoy participating in leisure activities

and need to carry a meal / lunch with them…

- 3d drawing

- birds eye view drawing with contents

- 2d net drawing

- you MUST use colour

- you MUST annotate everything and

include materials, logos, labels, processes, etc.

Using CAD to manufacture the product

Packed lunch function and design criteria

Packed lunch evaluation

Give 5 reasons why your design is suitable and

matches the requirements of the design brief..

Packed lunch evaluation

Name the Packaging Symbols.

Answers.

Potential drawing question linked to the design

question, relating to promoting healthy eating.

Potential answer.

Remember to use colour!!

Manufacturing.

Manufacturing:

Primary Processing, Secondary

Processing and Scales of Production.

What is primary

processing?

What is primary processing?

Primary Processing turns raw

materials into useful standard

stock sizes.

For example: durum wheat is turned into pasta.

1. Wheat grains are milled to produce semolina, which is mixed

with water to make a dough.

2. Eggs, salt and vegetable oil are added. Spinach or tomato

puree could also be added to give flavour and colour.

3. The dough is shaped into the many forms of stock pasta shapes

and then dried.

What is secondary

processing?

What is secondary

processing?

Secondary Processing turns standard

stock materials into manufactured

products or components.

Secondary Processing turns standard stock materials into

manufactured products or components.

Secondary production: this is the manufacturing and assembly

process. It involves converting raw materials into components, for

example, making plastics from oil. It also involves assembling the

product, eg building houses, bridges and roads.

There are six stages and they apply to all materials..

1. Casting and Moulding:

Is the pouring or forcing of liquid or non-solid material

into moulds. Once the material has returned to a solid

state, it’s removed from the mould. The moulds can be

either re-used or broken up afterwards.

2. Forming:

Changes the form (shape and size) of the material, but it

doesn’t normally alter the volume. A force is applied to

the material, which changes it but doesn’t destroy it, for

example:

- air pressure

- hammering

- vacuum

3. Wastage:

(or separation) changes both the size and the shape of

the material:

- Machining removes small amounts of material at a

time, e.g. sawing

- Shearing cuts the material to shape

using a wide variety of methods,

e.g. scissors

4. Conditioning:

Changes the internal properties of a material, e.g.

making it stronger or more elastic. Conditioning is

often done using:

- heat

- chemical action

- mechanical action

5. Assembling:

(or addition) means joining materials together. This can

be done…

- through bonding, e.g. welding and adhesives

- using mechanical fastenings, e.g. rivets, screws,

nuts and bolts.

6. Finishing:

deals with the surface finish of a material. This

can be done by..

- applying some form of coating, e.g. paint

- changing the surface through chemical action

to make a protective or decorative finish, e.g.

anodising aluminium

- electro-plating using chrome, silver or gold

Scales of Production

Scales of Production

There are 5 different

scales of production, can

you name one?

There are 5 different scales of production, can

you name one?

- ‘One off’ production

- Batch production

- Mass production

- Continuous production

- ‘Just in time’ production

‘One off’ production:

Only one product is made at a particular time. These productions

usually take a long time and the product is often expensive.

Examples: sculptures and wedding dresses.

Batch production:

Is when a series of identical products are made together in either

small or large quantities. Once made, another series of products may

be produced using the same equipment and workforce

Examples: furniture and bread.

Mass production:

Involves the product going through various stages on a production line where

the workers at a particular stage are responsible for a certain part of the

product.

The product is usually produced in large numbers for days or even weeks and

will be relatively cheap, but production could be halted if a problem occurs at

any stage of the production line

Examples: Cars and electrical goods.

Continuous production:

The product is continually produced over a period of hours, days, or

even years (‘24/7’). The product will be relatively cheap.

Examples: Soft drinks and wood screws.

‘Just in Time’ production:

Involves the component parts arriving at the factory precisely when they are

needed. Expensive warehousing costs are saved as less storage space is

required. But, if the supply of components is stopped, the production line is

interrupted, which is costly.

Examples: cars.

June 2016 – Question 5a This question is about manufacturing in quantity.

You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on this question. A Sunday market is

being started in your area. You have decided to make a product to sell at the

market.

Choose one of the products from the list below.

house name plate

apron

organic meat pies

desk calendar

herb growing pot

kitchen memo board

bird table

pencil holder 5

(a) In the space below, sketch your chosen product. Show the main features. In

part

(b) you will be asked how to manufacture your product in quantity. [3 marks]

What is being

asked?? What do

I need to do?

• Spend 20 minutes on this question

• Choose one of the products from the list

(PICK THE FOOD OR CARD OPTION)

• In the space outlined sketch your design

• Annotate your design showing the tools

and processes you will need to make the

product.

June 2016 – Question 5b

5 (b) Use notes and sketches to show how a batch of 50 of your product

could be manufactured. Marks will be given for:

a clear layout and correct order of processes

identification of appropriate tools and equipment

quality of communication. [12 marks]

What is being

asked?? What do

I need to do?

• Either in the form of a recipe or a flow chart explain

how the product would be made

• Use sketches to show specific stages of the process.

• Explain how you would make a 50 of the product at a

time?

• Annotate your flow chart or recipe with appropriate

tools and equipment for each process – this can be

done by underlining key names of equipment in a

recipe or flow chart or labelling a diagram.

• Make sure that your page is clear and easy to follow.

Examples

Sometimes you may be

asked to draw the layout of

the production line/the

room.

History of Product Design

Design is always changing.

Why?

The reasons have always been influenced by:

1.) The discovery of new materials.

The reasons have always been influenced by:

2.) Iconic products.

The reasons have always been influenced by:

3.) Manufacturing and technological

developments..

The reasons have always been influenced by:

4.) Fashions, trends and the latest thinking.

Influences of nature

The arts and crafts movement was founded

in the 1890’s by William Morris:

- It promoted quality craftsmanship.

- It was inspired by natural patterns and

forms.

- It used high-quality materials, which were

only affordable by the wealthy.

Art Nouveau was developed in Europe

from 1890-1914:

- It was based on natural, organic lines.

- Included designers like Charles Rennie

Mackintosh and Louis Comfort Tiffany.

Influences on Industry:

- The modernist movement was influenced by

industrial designs and made use of geometric

shapes.

The Bauhaus movement 1919-1933 was a

German school of art and design:

- It produced the first design for mass

production.

- It was the origin of many ‘design

classics’.

Art Deco (1920s-1930s) began with an exhibition

of products in Paris in 1925:

- It typically involved the use of geometric

shapes.

- It was influenced by artefacts in Tutankhamen’s

recently opened tomb.

- It included the ceramicist Claris Cliff.

- It was regarded as a ‘glamorous’ period.

De Stijl (The style, mid-1920s) started in

Holland:

- It featured extreme geometric design,

eg, rectangles and primary colours.

War, Post-war and the 1980s:

The Streamlined age was about speed and movement.

New materials and production methods allowed designs to be

manufactured cheaply.

There were 3 main influences:

- The rapid growth in transport design.

- The interest in Science.

- The race to put the first man on the moon.

War, Post-war and the 1980s:

In the 1960s there was huge consumer growth as customers

craved new ideas.

- Designers included Mary Quant (designer of the mini skirt) and

Alec Issigonis (Morris Mini).

1970 – Present Day:

By the 1980s the designer name or brand was important to

customers.

- The designer label spread from fashion markets to other areas

of product design.

Promotion and packaging became a key part of the complete

product.

The Memphis Group, (early 1980s) was an

alternative viewpoint to minimalism.

- It was started by a group of Italian designers, led by Ettore Sottsass.

-They produced highly decorative laminates and humorous products.

- Their post modernist influence can be seen in many of todays products.

Retro and iconic designs

Some products are so innovative and

influential that they are regarded as

classic designs or design icons.

A design could be considered to be

iconic because of 3 reasons:

A design could be considered to be

iconic because of 3 reasons:

1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A design could be considered to be iconic

because of 3 reasons:

2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

A design could be considered to be iconic

because of 3 reasons:

3. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A design could be considered to be iconic

because of 3 reasons:

1. Of the way technology has been used.

2. It uses clever and innovative styling.

3. It simply has a ‘must own’ quality.

Some classic Designs

There are many examples of classic designs,

we will look at a few now. You need to be

able to identify and discuss the influences

on iconic designs.

Name the product:

Name the product:

Name the product:

Name the product:

Name the product:

The Coca Cola bottle (1916) is a globally recognised object and has

remained largely unchanged since its design in 1916, mainly due to

its:

- distinctive shape

- brand name

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4eY5TiMTW4

Name one reason Coca Cola wanted to design their

bottle?

Laszio and George Biro designed the first

ballpoint pen in 1931. In 1950, Marcel Bich

purchased the Biro patent and it became the

main product of his Bic company. The word biro

is used to today to describe ballpoint pens.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-

1p9H6FuTo

How much was the original patent purchased

for?

The Volkswagen Beetle (1930s) was designed by

Ferdinand Porsche and was given its name by the

New York Times due to its unusual shape. There is

a clear influence from this design on the current

VW Beetle.

Philippe Starck’s Juicy Salif lemon squeezer was

very controversial, with critics saying it was

extravagant and unpractical. But. It’s very

popular with many people.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3stiu165d

70

Give a reason why you think this design

could be unpractical?

Harry Beck’s diagrammatic map of the London

Underground is a graphical design which spreads out

the centre of the city and compresses the outskirts.

It doesn’t represent the actual geographical position

of places, but its easy to understand and the format

has been copied all over the world.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gx6DuIO3

70Y

Retro Styling

has become very popular. Retro designs aren’t old-

fashioned products. They are based on old styles, but made

to the latest standards, using the latest technologies.

For example, some modern radios are modelled on

Lawrence Griffin’s 1960 design.

Retro Styling is commonly seen in:

1-

Retro Styling is commonly seen in:

2-

Retro Styling is commonly seen in:

3-

Retro Styling is commonly seen in:

4-

Retro Styling is commonly seen in:

- In transport design

- In Fashion

- In electrical appliances, eg, De Longhi Toaster

- Surface decoration, eg wallpaper and fabrics.