GCSE PE Year 10

Skeletal System

The Skeletal System

Learning ObjectivesBe able to explain the function of the skeletonBe able to name all the bones of the skeleton.To know the four types of bones and their function.

Starter ActivityName and describe a test that is used to measure agility ?

Q. How many bones make up the Human

Skeleton ?

206 bones make up the

skeleton

Discuss what are the functions of

the skeleton?

5 functions of the Skeleton• Protection - the cranium and ribs protect the brain and

vital organs in the chest.• Shape - gives shape to the body and makes you tall or

short.• Support - holds your vital organs in place when playing

sport. The vertebral column holds the body upright.• Movement - muscle are attached to bones, which are

jointed. When the muscles contract the bones move.• Blood production - red blood cells (to carry oxygen) and

white blood cells (to protect against infection) are produced in the bone marrow of some bones.

Label the diagram of the skeleton

The skeleton

• The skeleton is divided into 2 main parts

•APPENDICULAR SKELETON•AXIAL SKELETON

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

• Contains the moving parts that are not connected to the VERTEBRAL COLUMN.

• Pectoral girdles• Upper Limbs• Pelvic Girdle• Lower Limbs

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Makes locomotion, digestion, excretion , reproduction and to

protect the major organs of locomotion.

Axial

• Consists of 80 bones• Vertebral Column 26 bones • Rib Cage ( 12 pairs)• Skull

Discuss with your partner what you think its function is ?

AxialUp right posture of humans is

maintained by the axial skeleton, which transmits the weight from the

head, the trunk, and the upper extremities, down to the lower

extremities.

How many types of bones are there ?

Types of Bones

• Long • Short • Flat • Irregular

Long Bones

Have a body longer than it is wide• Have a hard outer casing with spongy bone in

the centre.• Bones such as the

FemurHumerus Metatarsals

Short Bones

• Are roughly as wide as they are long.• Contain large amounts of bone marrow to

make blood vessels.• Bones such as the Carpals and Tarsals in

the wrist and foot

Flat Bones

• Strong, flat pieces of bone• Their main functions are protection and

muscle attachment• Bones such as the cranium (skull) and

scapula (shoulder blade)

Irregular Bones

• Do not fit into any of the other categories and often have an unusual shape

• Bones such as the Vertebrae, Sacrum and Mandible