Министерство образования, науки иМолодежной политики Краснодарского края

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение Краснодарского края «Кропоткинский техникум технологий и железнодорожного

транспорта»

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК(английский язык)

СБОРНИК ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ С ЗАДАНИЯМИ

для профессии 23.01.09 «Машинист локомотива»

КРОПОТКИН 2016

Протокол №________Зав. МО ____________«____»_________________ 20_____ г.Заместитель директора по научно-методической работе______________«____»_________________ 20_____ г.

Одобрено в качестве учебно-методических материалов для аудиторной работы студентов по дисциплине “Иностранный язык” методическим советом Протокол №_____ от «____»_________________ 20_____ г.Председатель методического Совета _________________________

Рецензенты:

Самойлова Т.А, преподаватель иностранного языкаИностранный язык: сборник технических текстов с заданиями для профессии 23.01.09 Машинист локомотива

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

АННОТАЦИЯ 4

Задание №1 Moscow underground 5

Задание №2 Moscow underground (part 2) 7

Задание №3 Experimental bridge 9

Задание № 4 The channel tunnel 12

Задание № 5 Stone blower for pneumatic ballast injection 14

Задание № 6 The importance of drainage in producing stable track 15

Задание № 7 How to avoid traveling 17

Задание № 8 Dialogues 21

Задание №9 From the history of railway transport (Part 1) 24

Задание №10 From the history of railway transport (Part 2) 28

ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ 31

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

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АННОТАЦИЯ

Сборник технических текстов с заданиями составлен на основе государственного образовательного стандарта 2016 г. и соответствует тематике преподаваемого предмета.

В сборник включено 15 практических заданий, на каждое из которых отводится 2 часа аудиторного времени.

Данный сборник текстов предназначен для студентов профессиональных образовательных учреждений и основной целью работы по нему является развитие у коммуникативной компетенции во всех видах речевой деятельности.

Результатом выполнения практических работ будут:знания:– лексический (2000 лексических единиц) минимум необходимый для чтения и перевода (со словарем) текстов технической и профессиональной направленностиумения:– понимать основное содержание несложно звучащих текстов или диалогов по изучаемым темам;– выражать своё отношение и мнение к высказываниям;– делать сообщения с наиболее важной выбранной информацией;– рассуждать, делать выводы по прочитанному материалу;– выборочно понимать и извлекать информацию в неадаптированных технических текстах;– пользоваться двуязычными или одноязычными словарями и другой справочной литературой.

В практических работах Ваши знания оцениваются следующим образом:

Оценка «5»(отлично)

«4»(хорошо)

«3»(удовлетворительно)

«2»(неудовлетворительно)

% выполнения практическойработы 100-90 89-80 79-75 менее 75

Перечень практических заданий приводится в содержании.

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ЗАДАНИЕ №1

1. Опишите отношения между словами в паре (антоним, синоним, ни то ни другое).

1) term/ semester 7) different/ similar 13) to get/ to receive/ to obtain 2) strong/ weak 8) a number of/ several 14) to include/ to comprise 3) state/ private 9) to achieve/ to reach 15) to include/ to exclude 4) to train/ a train 10) to listen to/ to hear 16) to comprise of/ to consist of 5) to study/ to learn 11) to increase/ to grow 17) to increase/ to decrease 6) different/ various 12) to provide/ to supply 18) up-to-date/ out-of-date

2. Вставьте в пропуски слова . l) This situation ___ my presence. 2) The academic year in all Russian higher educational institutions is ___ into two terms. 3) Must the students of your Institute ___ all the lessons or can they choose the most interesting ___? 4) The Internet is a global computer ___ having millions of users all over the world. 5) This shop sells ___ cars ___ motorbikes. 6) The operation of Metro doesn't ___ on the weather conditions. 7) This commercial bank has a number of ___ in the Volga region. 8) Hurry up, if you don't want to ___ the lecture. 9) Vacations never ___ very long. 10) The Japanese company ___ the first pocket-size color TV set. 11) Safe ___ of freight and passenger trains requires a reliable system of signaling. 12) Next ___ we'll have a course of lectures on Philosophy. 13) Last year there was one case when a student ___ his exam in English. 14) This station is the ___ stop of our train. 15) Rudolf Diesel ___ an engine, which was one of the remarkable engineering ___ of the 20th century.16) The river ___ the city into two parts. 17) The ___ «radar» is composed of the first letters of «radio, detection and ranging».

achievements, attend, both…and, branches, developed (2), depend, divides, divided, failed, last(2), miss, network, operation, requires, subjects, term(2)

3. Переведите текст . MOSCOW UNDERGROUND

For the first time the idea of building the underground railway in Moscow was discussed before the revolution. However, the construction of the first section (from Sokolniki to Central Park) was initiated only in 1932. It lasted 3 years and was called the record period by the world press. The Russian engineers carefully studied the existing underground systems abroad before working out their own project, which represented a significant improvement of the London system. The engineering difficulties were great mainly because much of the soil was composed of running sand. Fortunately, most of the running sand lay close to the surface and it was found possible to use out-and-cover method of construction under many of the streets. However, in the city center where the line is 100ft or deeper, the construction of tunnels was necessary. The Moscow Underground consists of a circle line, which runs round the city center, several radial lines crossing the city and connecting with each other and the lines running

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to the countryside. Some constructional work is still going on. Now the length of the underground lines has reaches about 300 km.

4. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию к тексту.1. Was the possibility of constructing Metro in Moscow discussed before the revolution for the first time? 2. Did the building of the Moscow Underground begin in 1917? 3. Did the project of the Moscow Metro represent a significant improvement of the London system? 4. Were all lines constructed, using cut-and-cover method? 5. Does the Moscow Metro consist of a circle line and two radial ones? 6. Is the construction of the Metro still going on?

5. Назовите предметы.

6. Соотнесите предложения с картинками . Example: 1 The ruler is broken - picture (b)

1 The ruler is broken. 5 The screwdriver is bent. 2 The hammer is broken. 6 The saw is broken. 3 The screwdriver is broken. 7 The window is broken. 4 The tyre is flat. 8 The saw is bent.

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ЗАДАНИЕ №2

1. Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык.

Model: to read – a) reading – читая, читающий;b) having read – прочитав

1) to use; 2) to make; 3) to develop; 4) to forget; 5) to burn; 6) to transport; 7) to receive; 8) to feel; 9) to study; 10) to carry; 11) to go; 12) to try; 13) to think; 14) to cover; 15) to speak.

2. Переведите текст . MOSCOW UNDERGROUND (part 2)

At present, the Moscow Metro handles more than five million passengers each day. During peak hours trains run at a speed of 90 km/h with the intervals of about 80 seconds. One train takes up to 1,500 passengers. For greater safety of travel, all trains are inspected every 6-9 hours of running. Being in operation for about 13 hours daily each Metro train covers the distance equal to that from Moscow to St. Petersburg. The trains servicing the Underground are supplied with low voltage direct current. The current is obtained from the third rail by special devices that are mounted beneath the motor coaches. Rolling stock is completely replaced approximately once every four years. The Moscow Metro can compete with the underground railways in any of the European capitals in level of automation. At present, the experiments are being conducted with an “automatic driver”, i.e. with computer-controlled trains. The computer devices will help to relieve the nervous strain on the drivers and make it possible to increase the cruising speed of trains even more. These automatic devices have already been tested over the Circle Route by way of experiment.

3. Ответьте на общие вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста 1. Do Metro trains run with the intervals of about 8 minutes during peak hours? 2. Are all trains inspected for greater safety of travel every week? 3. Can the Moscow Metro compete with the underground lines of other countries in level of automation? 4. Will an “automatic driver” replace hard man’s labor in future?

4. Переведите предложения, используя глаголы have , be или конструкцию there is / are 1) В этом журнале есть интересные статьи? – Да. Журнал очень интересный. Почитай его, если у тебя есть свободное время. 2) У Вас есть английский словарь? – Да, есть, но в нём только 1000 слов. 3) Наш институт находится недалеко от станции Метро. 4) Завтра лекции по физике не будет. Ваш преподаватель в Москве на конференции. 5) Вчера у нас была всего одна пара. 6) Какой экзамен был самым трудным для тебя? 7) В институтской библиотеке много новых книг. 8) У вас вчера был семинар по философии? 9) Тебе 20 лет? – Нет, мне будет 20 в следующем году.

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10) Где ближайшая автобусная остановка? 11) В твоём диктанте было несколько ошибок. 12) У Ника есть телефон? – Да, есть. 13) Лондонский университет – самый большой ВУЗ Британии. 14) Он никогда не опаздывает на лекции и всегда очень внимательный.

5. Исправьте неправильные предложения . Example: (a) FALSE - The screwdriver is on the shelf.

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ЗАДАНИЕ№3

1. Запишите слова в тетрадь.permanent way – верхнее строение пути;a civil engineer – инженер-строитель;reballasting – замена балласта;formation – земляное полотно;earthworks – земляные работы;drainage – дренаж, осушение;an embankment – насыпь;a slope - уклон;as witch – стрелочный перевод;alignment – план трассы;patrolling – обход пути;possession (of the line) – «окно» в графике движения поездов, закрытие перегона;lining – выправка пути;responsible – ответственный;responsibility – ответственность;to have responsibility for … - нести ответственность за (что-л).;to take/accept responsibility for… - принять (на себя) ответственность за (что-л);wear – износ;to wear (out) – изнашиваться, выводить из строя;proper – правильный, надлежащий;simultaneous (ly) – одновременный(-о);while – пока, в то время как.

2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слова из упр.1.1. The government is responsible for the general management of the economy. 2. In 1917 Russia was faced simultaneously with war abroad and revolution at home. 3. The 1980s saw a rise in food prices and a simultaneous fall in wages. 4. Which authority will have responsibility for monitoring river pollution? 5. Supplying necessary equipment for the test was the responsibility of laboratory assistants. 6. It isn’t proper for a girl to go out with her husband’s best friend. 7. I think that making children who write on walls clean them is a proper punishment. 8. Let’s sit in the other room while Daddy is finishing the washing up. 9. The car tyres are worn out. 10. He played the video again and again until it was worn out. 11. While he was on vacation he caught a cold. 12. While I was making breakfast, everyone else was in bed. 13. We provide simultaneous translation for French-speaking delegates. 14. This concert is on BBC TV and will be broadcast simultaneously on Radio. 15. Should this bag wear out, we will replace it at any Dunes’ outlet (shop).

3. Выберите антоним к слову . 1) expensive a) enormous; b) dear; c) cheap; d) suitable 2) fast a) rapid; b) quick; c) swift; d) slow 3) heavy a) light; b) intense; c) necessary; d) busy

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4) low a) tall; b) average; c) high; d) small 5) frequently a) often; b) rarely; c) numerous; d) seldom 6) major a) large; b) small; c) main; d) minor 7) a stopping train a) a direct train; b) a local train; c) an express train; d) a fast train 8) to arrive a) to approach; b) to go; c) to depart; d) to appear 9) to get on a) to leave; b) to enter; c) to get into; d) to get off 10) to see off a) to look at; b) to meet; c) to get off; d) to part 11) to appear a) to arrive; b) to approach; c) to disappear; d) to suggest

4. Соотнесите слова русские с английскими.1) в час пик a) a four- or five-car set 2) войти в книгу рекордов Гиннеса b) at least3) двухэтажный вагон c) plush seats of an aircraft type 4) ехать на велосипеде d) during the rush hours 5) железнодорожный справочник e) shunting works 6) заказать обед в купе f) to enter in the Guinness Book of Records 7) интенсивное движение g) to carry goods by lorry 8) контактный провод h) heavy traffic 9) маневровые работы i) a double-deck coach 10) мягкие кресла самолётного типа j) to ride a bike11) перевозить грузы на грузовике k) a contact wire12) по крайней мере l)a railway-guide 13) состав из 4-5 вагонов m) to order dinner to the compartment

5. Назовите предметы.

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6. Напишите предложения по образцу .

Example: 1 There are screwdrivers on the bench.

7. Переведите текст . EXPERIMENTAL BRIDGE

A bridge is a structure built to cross some natural or artificial obstacles such as river, street, railway and so on. First bridges had to be built out of the material close at hand (подручный материал). In tropical jungles, suspension bridges were made of long bamboo poles. In the places where there were many forests, it was wood. Simple suspension bridges were made by means of ropes and are still used in some countries. Two parallel ropes were suspended from rocks or trees on each bank of the river with a platform of woven mats laid across them. When the Spaniards reached South America, they found that the Incas (Инки) of Peru used suspension bridges made of 6 strong cables, four of which supported a platform and two cables served as handrails (поручни). In middle Ages, people constructed wooden beam type bridges. They were usually built on stone piers or wooden piles. Bridges of this type are still used in Japan and India. With the beginning of railway construction in the 19th century, there was a great demand for bridges and the railway companies had capital for building them. The first railway bridges were built of stone or brick. Later there appeared concrete and metal bridges. The first iron bridge crossed the river Severn in Great Britain.

8. Ответьте на общие вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста. 1 Were the first bridges made of steel? 2. Did people construct wooden beam type bridges in Middle Ages? 3. Was there a great demand for railway bridges in the 19th century?

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ЗАДАНИЕ №4

1. Переведите текст. THE CHANNEL TUNNEL

The first design of the Channel Tunnel was proposed in 1751. Since that time, dozens of proposals had been considered before the actual tunneling began. The work proceeded very quickly and was successfully completed in 6 years. The Tunnel was opened for traffic on May 7, 1994. The Channel Tunnel actually consists of three tunnels: the two running tunnels* and the service tunnel**. Single-track railway lines are laid down in each of the running tunnels. Normally, one of them carries passenger and freight trains from Britain to France and the other carries trains in the opposite direction. If one of the running tunnels is closed down for maintenance, the other is used for train movement in both directions. A smaller third tunnel lies between the two train tunnels. It is called the service tunnel. There is a roadway inside it, so maintenance workers and emergency teams can reach any point of the Tunnel system in their road vehicles. The service tunnel is linked to the running tunnels at regular intervals by cross-passages***. In case of emergency or a train breakdown, the passengers will leave the train through one of the cross-passages into the service tunnel where road vehicles will evacuate them to a safer place. The total length of the Tunnel is about fifty kilometers. Thirty-seven kilometers of the line are under the waters of the English Channel. The electric trains run every three minutes during peak hours, providing the carrying capacity of 4,000 vehicles per hour in both directions. A typical passenger shuttle consists of twenty-six wagons. A half of them are double-deck carriages for carrying cars of average size. Thirteen single-deck wagons are used for transporting buses and vans. Freight shuttles consist of twenty-five single-deck wagons. Each of them is capable of carrying a vehicle weighing up to forty-four tons. Two electric locomotives are coupled in front and at the rear of each shuttle. The time of crossing the Tunnel is thirty-five minutes, about an hour less than by ferry. Passengers and drivers remain in their vehicles. The gauge of the tunnel railway is standard that is why the tunnel can be used for international passenger and freight trains. Notes: *running tunnel – железнодорожный тоннель **service tunnel – служебный тоннель***cross-passage – поперечный переход

2. Ответьте на общие вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста 1. Was the first design of the Channel Tunnel proposed in 1851? 2. Had only two projects been considered before the actual tunneling began? 3. Did the construction proceed very quickly? 4. Are double-track railway lines laid down in the running tunnels?5. Is there a roadway inside the service tunnel? 6. Do the electric trains operate in the Channel Tunnel? 7. Does a typical passenger shuttle consist of 26 wagons? 8. Is the time of crossing the Channel Tunnel 30 minutes? 9. Are two electric locomotives coupled in front and at the rear of each shuttle?

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10. Can the Tunnel be used for international passenger and freight trains?

3. Образуйте от глаголов данных в скобках, Participle II. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык.

Model: a (to write) article – a written article – написанная статья.1) a locomotive (to power) by electricity; 2) a (to delay) flight; 3) a (to break) engine; 4) a report (to type) in duplicate; 5) a (to carry out) plan; 6) a (to suspend) bridge; 7) a contract (to sign) by 2 companies; 8) mistakes (to make) in calculations; 9) the (to develop) countries; 10) railway tickets (to sell) yesterday.

4. Напишите по образцу.

5. Дополните предложения.

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ЗАДАНИЕ № 5

1. Переведите следующие слова . responsibility, simultaneously, earthworks, partial, inseparable, intermediate, desirable; permanent way, stabilization of embankments.

2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глагола to do . 1. I do half an hour exercises every morning. 2. Do be careful! 3. What time do the banks in Britain close? 4. We asked them to pack the glass and china for us, but they did it very badly. 5. She does a lot of work for charity. 6. Don’t be silly! 7. Do stop making that noise! 8. It looks easy, but it does need quite a bit of practice. 9. How long does it take you to get to work? 10. She thinks I don’t love her, but I do love her! 11. The doctor didn’t recommend me to take these pills too often. 12. There wasn’t much time for shopping, butI did buy a couple of blouses. 13. I don’t understand the sentence.

3. Прочтите текст и составьте к нему план пересказа.

STONEBLOWER FOR PNEUMATIC BALLAST INJECTIONThe Stone blower is a revolutionary machine developed specifically as an alternative to traditional tamping methods for the restoration of track’s vertical and lateral alignment.The machine utilizes a process, which pneumatically injects ballast under the tie to achieve rack positioning to an accuracy of 1.0 mm. The result is a smooth track surface, which is immediately available for unrestricted line speeds. The Stone blower is the culmination of many years of research and development by Harsco Track Technologies in cooperation with Rail track and British Rail Research. The machine has undergone extensive testing to meet demanding requirements and has demonstrated the ability to significantly extend the time required between track maintenance cycles.

4. Переведите предложения на русский языкОсновными компонентами железнодорожного полотна являются рельсы, шпалы и балласт.Рельсы удерживаются на шпалах. Шпалы укладываются на балласт. Рельсы соединяются друг с другом с помощью рельсовых скреплений. Стандартные рельсовые плети свариваются и образуют бесстыковой путь. В настоящее время бесстыковой путь широко используется на многих высокоскоростных магистралях. Такой путь обеспечивает более комфортное движение. Существует два основных типа шпал: деревянные шпалы и бетонные шпалы. Деревянные шпалы обрабатываются креозотом, который предотвращает их гниение. Балласт может состоять из щебня, песка, гравия и некоторых других материалов. Существует также без балластный путь или путь на плитах. Расстояние между рельсами называется шириной колеи. Ширина колеи на Российских железных дорогах составляет 1520мм. Для содержания и ремонта железнодорожного пути используются современные путевые машины.

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ЗАДАНИЕ № 6

1. Выберите в следующих предложениях модальный глаголы: can , to be able to . 1. Jack has traveled much. He … speak three languages. 2. Tom … drive but he hasn’tgot a car. 3. Ask Val about your problem. He should … help you. 4. You… see a nice park from our bedroom window. 5. I …sleep very well recently. 6. Bob … stand on his head but he can’t do it now. 7. Tom won’t … come to see you tomorrow. 8. I can’t understand Helen. I’ve never … understand her. 9. Martin … pass his finals successfully.10. You …get something to drink from this vending machine. 11. My secretary … book us on a first-class sleeper to Paris. 12. I think I … meet the Trade Union representatives next Tuesday.

2. Practice the reading of the following words and word combinations:drainage, lubrication, moisture, finally, significantly, intimate, frequent, man-hours, comparable, budget, specifically; track stabilization, presence and absence of excess moisture, measuring drainage, false economy.

3 You are to copy the words and memorize their meanings.to lubricate – смазывать, увлажнять,lubrication – смазка, замасливание;roadbed – балластная призма (постель);track structure, permanent way – верхнее строение пути;to accept the load – воспринимать нагрузку.to neglect – пренебрегать, игнорировать;moisture – влага, влажность;to recall - вспоминать;measure – мера, измерение,to measure – измерять;a unit – единица, единица измерения;an item – пункт, любой из перечисленных предметов, статья, вопрос на повестке дня);to hide – прятать, скрывать.

4. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.1. The government has neglected socializing industry. 2. The speaker neglected mentioning all those who had helped elect him. 3. In dry weather start to water your vegetables before the earth loses too much moisture. 4. The lawyer asked the witness to try to recall as much about the accident as possible. 5. I recall that on at least one occasion I saw him taking money from the safe. 6. We’ll have to measure the bed to make sure it fits in this room. 7. We need to know the exact size. Centimeters seem to be the best measure.8. The dollar is the standard unit of money in the USA. 9. There is an item about the robbery on page seven. 10. His house was burgled and a few items of jewelry were taken.11. I took the items off the trolley, one by one. 12. He hides his real feelings under that big

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smile. 13. I tried to hide my anxiety from the rest of the family by pretending that everything was normal. 14. She hid her inability to read all through her schooling.

5. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in written form.1. Мне нечего скрывать; вы можете задавать мне любые вопросы. 2. Не пренебрегайте правилами безопасности 3. Влага очень важна для вашей кожи. 4. Я помню, встреча прошла хорошо. 5. Час – это единица измерения времени. 6. Семья -ячейка общества.

6. Прочтите и переведите текст .

THE IMPORTANCE OF DRAINAGE IN PRODUCING STABLE TRACKNeglecting drainage has been used as a ‘convenient’ way of saving maintenance

money, but poor drainage creates a lubricating effect in ballast. Many factors come into play in any discussion of track stabilization, but the most elementary and probably the most important one is the presence or absence of excess moisture in and around the track roadbed. In a word, drainage.

The old sayings and rules about the importance of track drainage are known by everybody. “The first rule of good track maintenance is drainage, the second rule is more drainage, and the third rule is even more drainage”. We also understand that the basic function of track structure is to accept the loads imposed on rail by rolling stock and to transmit those loads from rail to tie plate, to tie, to ballast and finally to sub grade.

Two of the basic elements of good track structure – ballast and sub grade – are affected significantly by poor drainage. Too much moisture decreases the strength of the roadbed’s foundation, creating a lot of maintenance problems.

Many recall the days when track maintenance was carried out manually and a foreman had intimate knowledge of local drainage situations and was able to make small, frequent corrections to keep a high-quality drainage system functional. Now, the situation has changed completely: much attention is paid to reballasting, retailing, track upgrading.

These track maintenance works are being modernized. But as for drainage maintenance, it is often neglected.

We have problems measuring drainage. We enjoy using units such as miles of rails laid per day, man-hours per tie installed, or miles of track upgraded per hour when discussing track maintenance, yet there is no comparable, convenient measure of drainage.

Most railroads have budgets without an item specifically for drainage. They have items for rails; ties, ballast and bridges, yet funds for drainage are hidden as part of an allotment1 that covers all sorts of maintenance. Neglecting drainage has been used as a’ convenient’ way of saving maintenance money for years, and is an example of false economy.Note: 1) allotment - ассигнования.

7. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим русским фразам:одним словом (короче говоря), передавать нагрузку, создавать массу проблем, мастер, очень хорошо знать что-то.

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8. Вернитесь к тексту и угадайте значение следующих фраз.stable track, poor drainage, local drainage situations, to keep the system functional, false economy.

9. Дополните предложения , используя текст . 1. There was a time when traffic was not as heavy as it is today, and a foreman ….2. Often railway authorities want to save money by ….

10. Ответьте на вопросы. Будьте внимательны, один вопрос не содержит ответа.1. Do railway men pay constant attention to track maintenance? 2. Do they consider all the factors? 3. What is lubrication effect in ballast caused by? 4. What do old sayings and rules say about the importance of drainage? 5. What is the basic function of track structure? 6. What is the result of too much moisture? 7. Why are drainage works often neglected nowadays? 8. Is there any unit to measure drainage works? 9. Are drainage works properly financed by most railways? 10. Do you agree that neglecting drainage is an example of false economy? 11. What machines are used to carry out drainage works?

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ЗАДАНИЕ № 7

1. Прочтите слова . ► -ture, -sure ▪ lecture, future, departure, mixture, expenditure, structure, puncture, fracture, manufacture, creature, fixture, curvature, feature, conjuncture, adventure, moisture;▪ measure, pleasure, leisure, closure, disclosure, embrasure, treasure, treasury; BUT: sure, ensure, insurance. ► ea▪ increase, conceal, mean, defeat, eager, treaty, feasible, heater, lead, reasonable, heaver, release, dean, dealer, leave, easy, beacon, lease, meaning, reach, treatment, weak. BUT: overhead, headway, tread, ready, steady, spread, instead, treadle, measure, pleasure, weather, meant, heavy; break; really, create, realize. ► pay attention to the letters which are not pronounced: half, walk, talk, should, could, would, hour, high, height, straight, frighten, slightly, sight, alight, fight, might, midnight, freight, retighten, ought, weight, design, benign; sign, alignment, consignment, assign, what, wheel, wharf, whistle, wrong, wrist, write, wrench, shipwreck, deck, click, rack, reckon, stock, cockpit, know, knot, knock, knuckle, climb, comb. 2. Переведите слова из колонки А и найдите их синонимы в колонке В.

A B1) booking-office a) car/ coach 2) to buy a ticket ahead of time b) comfortable (comfort)3) carriage c) to link/ to join4) to carry d) commuter train/ local train5) conductor e) trunk6) to connect f) rapid/ quick/ swift7) convenient (convenience) g) direct train8) dining car h) to offer/ to suggest9) fast i) to board a train/ to take a train10) to get to j) to reach11) to get on the train k) rush hour12) information bureau l) restaurant car13) long distance train m) sleeper train14) baggage n) ticket-office15) peak hour o) to buy a ticket beforehand/ in advance16) to propose p) enquiry office17) railway q) railroad18) return ticket r) attendant19) single ticket s) one-way ticket20) suburban train t) to transport21) suitcase u) round-trip ticket22) through train v) luggage

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3. Переведите предложения письменно с русского языка на английский.1) Существуют различные типы пассажирских вагонов: общие, плацкартные, спальные. 2) Ты можешь подвезти меня до вокзала? 3) Поезд должен отправиться через пять минут. 4) Вы можете сдать свои вещи в камеру хранения. 5) Электричка была переполнена, поэтому нам пришлось ждать следующий поезд. 6) Мы заказали билеты по телефону за неделю до отъезда. 7) Вы не поможете положить вещи на полку? 8) Наш поезд должен прибыть через час, поэтому у нас есть время, чтобы перекусить. 9) Мы опоздали на последнюю электричку, потому что застряли в пробке на дороге. 10) Летом невозможно купить билет на этот поезд в день отправления. 11) В купе спального вагона есть две нижние полки и две верхние откидные полки. 12) Ты дал носильщику «на чай»? 13) Билетов в купейный вагон не было, поэтому нам пришлось ехать в плацкартном вагоне. 14) Это поезд повышенной комфортности, поэтому билеты такие дорогие.

4. Переведите устно текст .

HOW TO AVOID TRAVELING(after G. Mikes)

Travel is the name of a modern disease, which started in the mid-fifties and is still spreading. The patient grows restless in the early spring and starts rushing about from one travel agency to another, collecting useless information about the places he doesn’t intend to visit. Then, he or usually she, will do a round of shops* and spend much more than he or she can afford. Finally in August, the patient will board a plane, a train, a bus or a car and go to foreign countries along with thousands of his fellow-countrymen, not because he is interested in or attracted by some place, nor because he can afford to go but simply because he cannot afford not to. The result is that in the summer months (and in the last few years during the winter season too) everybody is on the move**. What is the aim of traveling? Each nationality has its own different one. The Americans want to take photographs of themselves in different places. The idea is simply to collect documentary proof that they have been there. The German travels to check up on his guidebooks. Why do the English travel? First, because their neighbor does. Secondly, they were taught that travel broadens the mind***. But mainly they travel to avoid foreigners. I know many English people who travel in groups, stay in hotels where even the staff is English, eat roast beef and Yorkshire pudding on Sunday and steak-and-kidney pies on weekdays, all over Europe. The main aim of the Englishman abroad is to meet people, I mean, of course, nice English people from the next door or from the next street. It is possible, however, that the mania for traveling is coming to an end. A Roman friend of mine told me: “I no longer travel at all. I stay here because I want to meet my friends from all over the world.” “What exactly do you mean?” I asked. “It is simple,” he explained. “Whenever I go to London my friend Smith is in Tokyo and Brown is in Sicily. If I go to Paris, my friends are either in London or in Spain. However, if I stay in Rome all my

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friends, I’m sure, will turn up at one time or another****. The world means people to me. I stay here because I want to see the world. Besides, staying at home broadens the mind.” Notes: *to do a round of shops – идти от одного магазина к другому, покупая что-либо **to be on the move – путешествовать ***to broaden the mind – расширять кругозор ****at one time or another – раньше или позже

5. Верно, или нет. Если предложение неверно исправьте его смысл согласно тексту. 1) Travel is the name of a modern disease, which started in the mid-forties. 2) People begin thinking about traveling in the early spring. 3) Preparing for the trip, he or she spends more than he or she can afford. 4) In November people board planes, trains, buses, subway or cars and go to foreign countries. 5) In summer everybody stay at home. 6) Each nationality has its own aim of traveling. 7) The Americans travel because they want to check up on their guidebooks. 8) The English travel abroad to avoid foreigners and to meet nice English people. 9) The German travels all over Europe to eat roast beef and Yorkshire pudding. 10) Staying at home broadens the mind.

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ЗАДАНИЕ № 8

1. Прочтите 4 диалога. Измените русские слова на английские.Dialogue 1 Passenger – I want билет в Springfield. Clerk – Which Springfield? There are разные Springfield’s… Passenger – I suppose Springfield, Massachusetts, is the cheapest. It is the closest to here anyway. Fortunately, it is also the Springfield I want to go to. What is платазапроезд, please? Clerk – Six dollars and eighty cents for билет “туда”, eleven dollars and fifty cents for билет “туда и обратно”.Passenger – Когда отправляется ближайший поезд? Clerk – Есть поезд в 4.10. There is also another at 7.20 сегодня вечером. Passenger – Are they both прямые поезда? Clerk – The 4.10 is скорый поезд and делает только одну остановку in New Heaven. It прибывает в Springfield at 9.30. These is поезд, который идёт со всеми остановками and takes about полтора часаlonger. Passenger – Is there вагон ресторан on both trains? Clerk – There is вагон ресторан on the 4.10. The 7.20 has only a snack bar. They as usual serve sandwiches and coffee, drinks, etc. Passenger – What train would you choose if you were the passenger?

Dialogue 2 Passenger – Is there поезд дальнего следования going directly to Bangor, Maine? Clerk – Yes, there is one train. It отправляется at 1.20 in the morning. Of course you can сесть в поезд any time after eleven o’clock at night and go to bed. Passenger – I suppose it is необходимо купить билет заранее. Clerk – It is customary to buy a ticket at least a day in advance. Sometimes, over holidays or busy seasons, even a week in advance is safer. Плата за проезд to Bangor amounts to about twenty dollars. Нижняя полка to Bangor will cost you about two dollars more than верхняя полка. Passenger – Is there any other difference? Clerk – Well, in the morning, if you are on нижняя полка you get up, and if you are on верхняя полка you get down. That is one of my little jokes. Passenger – Большое спасибо. You have been very helpful. Clerk – Не за что. That is what we are here for.

Dialogue 3 Clerk – Добрый день, чем я могу Вам помочь? Passenger – Good morning, I’d like билет на скорый поезд до Glasgow. Clerk – Which train? Passenger – The one leaving в пять тридцать.Clerk – Билет “туда” или “туда и обратно”? Passenger – Только туда, пожалуйста. Clerk – Would you like первый или второй класс?

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Dialogue 4 [Ted and Ben, who are about 14, have been allowed by their parents to поехать загород на поезде for a day. They make themselves comfortable in an empty купе. Suddenly Ben sees Ted’s билет lying on the seat. He moves it up, берёт его и кладёт в карман. He says nothing to Ted.] Ted – Где мой билет? I had it a minute ago. Ben – You’d better поискать его. Контролёр will be here через минуту. If you can’tпоказать him your ticket, he’ll make you платить double. Ted – But у меня нет enough money.Что же мне делать? [Ted gets up, turns out his pockets, ищет билет на полу, but all this doesn’t help.] Ben – У меня есть хорошая идея.Ted – What is it? Ben – You get under the seat till he has gone. I’ll sit over you and hide you with my legs. Он не заметит тебя. As soon as he has gone, you can come out. Ted – He’ll be here any minute. Мне залазить под кресло right now? Ben – Yes, you’d better. And don’t move while он в вагоне.[Ted gets under the seat. Контролёр comes along. Ben hands him two tickets.] Insp. – Чей это билет?Ben – Oh, that’s my friend’s. Insp. – Where has he gone? Ben – Nowhere. Он под креслом. Insp. – И что он там делает? Ben – Oh, ему нравится путешествовать под креслом, aren’t you, Ted? Ted [getting out from under the seat] – All right! I’ll pay you back for this. Just you подожди.

2. Измените 4 диалог, на историю используя следующие слова и выражения.to buy tickets for the commuter train; to get on the train; to make oneself comfortable; to play a trick; to put the ticket in the pocket; to look for the ticket; to have a good idea; to get under the seat; to enter the compartment; to hand the inspector two tickets; to be fond of traveling under the seat; to pay Ben back for this trick.

3. Назовите инструменты.Example: (a) – knife

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4. Составьте предложения . Example: (a) The pipe is long.

5. Обратите внимание на – ing forms . Переведите предложение . 1. Tom’s coming back was unexpected. 2. Do you mind my opening the window? 3. I am tired of being told lies. 4. Thank you for supporting me at the meeting. 5. On entering the room he was surprised to see many people here. 6. The book is worth reading. 7. It was no use crying. 8. I am surprised at being given such an easy task. 9. There is no chance of catching the train. 10. Having answered all the questions he got quiet. 11. Hearing the news, the girl smiled pleasantly. 12. Being typed in a hurry, the article contained many mistakes. 13. The promising help wouldn’t come. 14. The girl speaking over the telephone put down the receiver and turned. 15. The children were amusing, playing with a dog. 16. Scuba diving is thrilling to many people.17. I am thrilled by Frankenstein movies. They are horrifying. 18. Generally speaking, I am not an early riser. 19. She was kept waiting for a long time. 20. Did you see her taking the money?

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ЗАДАНИЕ № 9

1. Read and translate this:

2. Make sentences.

Example: (a) This ruler is rectangular.

3. Make sentences: Example: (a) These are pliers. This is a pair of pliers.(a) pliers (b) pincers (c) scissors (d) goggles (e) glasses (f) spanners (g) screwdrivers (h) chisels (i) rulers

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(j) tools (k) matches A) nails (m) screws (n) nuts and bolts

4. Describe these objects: Example: (a) The window is rectangular. It is six meters long and three meters high.

5. Translate the sentences given below from Russian into English. 1) Машины заменили тяжёлый ручной труд строителей железных дорог. 2) Срок службы бетонных шпал – 40-50 лет. 3) Первые вагонеточные пути использовались на шахтах [a mine] для перевозки угля [coal]. 4) В России первое самоходное транспортное средство было изобретено И.П. Кулибиным в 18 веке. 5) Реактивные двигатели работают на керосине [kerosene]. 6) Первый паровоз отца и сына Черепановых имел четыре колеса, два из которых были ведущими. 7) Деревянные рельсы были недолговечными [short-lived], поэтому их сначала заменили чугунными, а затем стальными. 8) Существуют различные типы двигателей внутреннего сгорания: такие как дизельный, бензиновый, электрический, реактивный. 9) С изобретением парового двигателя начался новый этап [stage] в развитии транспорта. 10) Люди накопили большой опыт в сооружении мостов и виадуков.

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6. Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary.

FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT(Part 1)

The word ‘transport’ (or ‘transportation’) means to carry people or goods from place to place. Henry Ford, the American motor-car manufacturer, said that “transportation is civilization”. The history of transport is divided into two stages. The first stage is that in which all modes of transport depended directly on the power of men or animals, or on natural forces such as wind and current. The second stage began with the development of the steam engine. Do you know who invented it? It is sometimes said that James Watt got the idea for a steam engine while still a boy, watching steam lift the lid of his mother's tea kettle. The truth is that James Watt did not invent the steam engine; however, he made major improvements on the inefficient steam engine patented in 1705 by Thomas Newcomen, John Cawley, and Thomas Savery. James Watt installed his engine in a machine which was used at a large coal mine for pumping out the water. Soon this invention was widely used at nearly every large enterprise. The revolution in industry made by this machine was extremely great.

One of the first attempts to put a steam engine on wheels was made by Richard Trevithick, a British mining engineer. In 1804 he demonstrated the first successful railroad steam locomotive. His engine pulled a short train of cars uphill on a coal-mine railway in Wales. In the years after Trevithick’s locomotive, several others were built for use on various British coal-mine railways.

The world’s first common carrier railroad to use steam power was the Stockton-Darlington railway in England. It was designed and built by George Stephenson and opened for public service in 1825. On the day when it was opened, a man on a horse went in front of the engine and shouted that the train was coming. People on horses and in carriages were driving near the train. When they had gone for some time, Stephenson, who was running his locomotive, asked the horseman to go away. He put steam on and ran his locomotive at a speed of 12 miles per hour (about 20 km per hour). It was a success.

But the British Parliament did not want to construct railways. The members of the parliament did not believe that steam engines could run against a strong wind. Then Stephenson built a new locomotive and called it the Rocket. This locomotive was faster and stronger than the first one; it could draw a 13-ton train at an “unheard-of speed” of 29 miles per hour (46 km per hour). In 1829 the Liverpool-Manchester Railway was built, and the railway company offered a prize of Ј500 for the best steam loco. The prize was won by George Stephenson with his famous train. Though not the first such locomotive, it was the beginning of the effective use of steam power for passenger and freight transportation. At first many people were afraid of the railways; nevertheless in 1842 the steam-powered railways were already in wide use in Britain.

7. Answer the following questions.1) What does the word ‘transport’ mean? 2) Who said that “transportation is civilization”?

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3) How many stages is the history of transport divided into? 4) Did the second stage in the history of transport begin with the invention of the wheel? 5) Whom was the first steam engine invented by? 6) Did Thomas Savery improve the inefficient steam engine designed by Thomas Newcomen? 7) Where did James Watt install his engine? 8) Who made one of the first attempts to put a steam engine on wheels? 9) Where was the world’s first common carrier railroad to use steam power built? 10) Did Robert Stephenson design and built the first common carrier railway in Britain? 11) Why didn’t the British Parliament want to build railways? 12) When was the Liverpool-Manchester Railway put into operation? 13) What can you say about the locomotive called the Rocket?

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ЗАДАНИЕ №10

1. Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary.

FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT Part 2

Railroads were born in England, a country of dense population, short distances, and large financial resources. In England problems were very different from those in America, which in the early 1800s was a country of great distances, sparse population, and limited capital. Americans had to learn to build railroads for their own country by actual experience; they could not copy English methods. In the USA the first railroads were built in mines for carrying stone or coal. In 1804 Oliver Evans (who had built an amphibious steam-powered scow with wheels) declared that he could “make a steam carriage that will run at a speed of 15 miles per hour on good, level railways.” As early as 1812 Colonel John Stevens, of Hoboken, N.J., began to speak for a new kind of railway. He wanted one that would provide long-distance transportation, linking distant areas of the country. In 1815 Stevens obtained the first charter to build a railroad across New Jersey, but he was unable to raise the money needed to build it. The first common carrier railroad to be built in the United States was the Baltimore and Ohio. It was chartered in 1827 and construction started on July 4, 1828. The first steam locomotive to run in the United States, the English-built Stourbridge Lion, made a trial trip over the tracks of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company in Pennsylvania in 1829. On the day of a test trip a lot of people came from miles around the small Pennsylvania town to see the first run of the steam locomotive. The engineer refused to let anyone ride with him – perhaps because the engine had not been tested before. As the signal to start was given, there was a moment of suspense. Then, slowly, the wheels began to turn. Cheers went up as engineer Allen opened the throttle wide and began his historic trip. All along the route, men were waving their hats, small boys were shouting, and women were looking in amazement as the Lion thundered past at the fantastic speed of ten miles per hour. Who would have believed that anything so big could move so fast without a horse to pull it! But the engine was too heavy for the track and the trip was not repeated. In the summer of 1830 service began on the Baltimore and Ohio line, with horses providing the power. Finally, in December 1830 an American-built locomotive, the Best Friend of Charleston, hauled a train of cars on the tracks of the South Carolina Railroad. The railroad had come to America. Railroads spread rapidly in the eastern and southern United States, with short lines being merged to form through routes. By the mid-1850s, railways linked the Atlantic seaboard and the Midwest. In 1869 the first transcontinental route was completed to the Pacific coast. Railroads became the dominant mode of overland transportation in the last half of the 19th century. Faster and more powerful locomotives and larger freight and passenger cars were built. Standardization of track gauges and the adoption of standard time zones aided efficiency.

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The invention of air brakes, automatic signalling, and the automatic coupler increased safety. Sleeping cars and dining cars increased passenger comfort and convenience. 3. True or false? Correct the statements which do not correspond to the contents of the text (part 2). 1) In the early 1800s America was a country of great distances, dense population, and large capital. 2) Americans learnt to build railroads by coping English methods of construction. 3) The first American railroads were built in large cities for carrying passengers. 4) In 1812 John Stevens obtained the first charter to build a railroad across New Jersey, but he was unable to raise the money needed for its building. 5) The first common carrier railroad to be built in the United States was the Baltimore and Ohio line. 6) The Baltimore-Ohio railroad opened for traffic in the summer of 1830 was horse-powered. 7) The first steam locomotive to run in the United States was the English-built Rocket. 8) In 1829 the American-built locomotive called the Stourbridge Lion made a trial trip in Pennsylvania. 9) The engineer of the Lion refused to let anyone ride with him. 10) The speed of the Stourbridge Lion was twenty miles per hour. 11) 11) The first American-built locomotive called the Best Friend of Charleston was put into operation on the tracks of the South Carolina Railroad. 4. Choose the correct word combination to complete each of the following sentences corresponding to the contents of the text. 1) The remark “transportation is civilization” was made by… .

a) George Washington b) Henry Ford c) James Watt2) One of the mankind’s greatest inventions of the 18th century was… .

a) the steam engine b) the jet engine c) the internal combustion engine3) The first stationary steam engines were installed… .

a) at large farms b) at various industrial enterprises c) at coal mines4) One of the first attempts to put a steam engine on wheels was made by… .

a) Richard Trevithick b) Thomas Newcomen c) George Stephenson5) The first common carrier railway in Britain was laid down between… .

a) Manchester and Liverpool b) Stockton and London c) Darlington and Stockton6) The famous steam locomotive called the Rocket moved at a speed of… .

a) 46 miles per hour b) 12 miles per hour c) 29 miles per hour7) The British Parliament objected to constructing railways because… . a) people were afraid of railways b) the members of the British Parliament did notbelieve that locomotives could run against a strong windc) there were no materials for the construction of railroads8) John Stevens failed to build a railroad across New Jersey (the USA) because… . a) he couldn’t find railway workersb) he was unable to raise the moneyc) people of the state objected to constructing10) The construction of the Baltimore-Ohio railroad lasted… .

a) ten years b) one year c) three years11) The first American-built steam locomotive was called… .

a) the Stourbridge Lion b) the Best Friend of Charleston c) the Rocket29

12) Railroads became the dominant means of overland transportation in the United States… . a) in the 18th century b) in the first half of the 19th century c) in the last half of the 19th century

5. Match the words with the numbers.

6. Complete thisExample: (a) length – long

(a) length(b) width(c) height(d) depth(e) thickness

7. Make sentences.Example: (a) The door is one by two meters.

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КРАТКИЙ АНГЛО-РУССКИЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ

Aabutment – береговая опора моста, быкto accept the load – воспринимать нагрузкуaccident – авария, несчастный случай, катастрофа according to – coгласно ч/л, соответственно ч/л activate– приводить в действие airbrake – воздушный тормоз, пневматический тормоз aircraft-type seat – кресло самолётного типа alignment – план трассыalternating current – переменный токapproach – приближаться, подход arch – аркаarch bridge – арочный мост arrive – прибывать arrival– прибытие attendant– дежурный, операторautomatic (robot) driver – автомашинистautomatic train control – автоматическое управление поездом automatic train operation – автоведение поездаaxle load – нагрузка на ось

Bballast– балластballast bed – балластный слой, земляное полотноballast cleaning machine–балласт очистительbarrier – шлагбаум, барьерto be due to arrive – должен прибытьbeam– балкаbeam bridge – балочный мост bed – основание, полотно дороги, постельberth– спальное место, полка board – 1) сесть в вагон или в поезд; 2) табличка, табло, пульт to board the train – сесть на поездbody– кузов boundary dimensions – габаритные (основные) размерыbox – ящик, коробкаboxcar – крытый вагон brake– тормозить, тормоз braking – торможение break– ломать breakdown – поломка, авария bridge– мост

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brittleness – хрупкостьbuckled tracks – выброшенный путьbulk loose load – сыпучий груз bulky load – тяжёлый (большой) груз burner – горелкаbroken stone – щебёнка busy– оживлённый, интенсивный (о движении); загруженный; занятыйby-product – побочный продукт by means of – при помощи, посредством

Ccapacity – грузоподъёмность, вместимость, мощность car– вагон; машина cargo – груз carriage – вагон carry – перевозить, транспортировать carryout – осуществлять, выполнять carrying capacity – пропускная способность cast iron – чугунcast-iron bridge – чугунный мостto catch a train – успеть на поездcentralized traffic control – диспетчерская централизация change– изменять, заменять; пересаживаться change trains – делать пересадку channel– канал, желобChannel Tunnel – тоннель под проливом Ла Маншchassis – шассиcircle line – кольцевая линия circular road – окружная дорога civil engineer – инженер-строительcivil engineering structures – гражданские сооруженияclearing– зазорclip – зажимcoach – вагонcollapse– обрушениеcollapsible– откидной, складной commuter train – пригородный поезд concrete– бетон concrete sleeper – бетонная шпалаconduit – трубопровод, желоб, водосточная трубаcontact (third) rail – контактный (третий) рельс continuous action tamper – шпалоподбивщик непрерывного действияcontinuous welded rails (CWR) – бесстыковой путьcontrol – управление; управлять

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convey – транспортировать, перевозить, доставлять conveyance – перевозка, доставка, подвоз corrugations frails – волнообразный износ рельсовconstructional works – искусственные сооруженияcontrol box – коробка механизма управленияcouple– сцеплять coupler (coupling) – сцепка cover– проходить, преодолевать (расстояние) crosstie– шпалаcreosote– креозот culvert– дренажная галереяcurve– кривая, поворот пути, кривой участок путиcurrent– ток customer – клиент, заказчик customs – таможня crew – бригада, экипаж

Ddam – дамбаday coach – общий вагон decrease – уменьшать, сокращать deliver – доставлять delivery – доставка depart – отправляться departure– отправление derailment – сход с рельсов, крушение design– проектировать, конструировать; проект, конструкция destination– место назначения device– устройство diesel locomotive – тепловоз diesel electric locomotive – дизель электровоз dimension– размер, измерениеdirect current – постоянный ток ditch – кювет, канаваdoor – дверьdouble-deckcar – двухэтажный вагонdouble-track railway – двухпутная железная дорогаdrainage – дренаж, осушениеdrainage channel – дренажная канавкаdriver– водитель drive– вести, ехать; приводить в движение driving wheel – ведущее колесо durability – срок службы; прочностьduplicate – запасной

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Eearthworks – земляные работыecologically friendly – экологически безопасный efficiency – КПД engine – двигатель, локомотив elastomer– эластомерelectric locomotive – электровоз elevated line – линия, расположенная на эстакаде embankment – насыпьemergency braking – аварийное (экстренное) торможениеemergency team – спасательная команда emission(s) – выхлопы, выбросыemu (electrical multiple unit) – электрическая многосекционная единица (электричка) engineer- инженерengine (locomotive) driver – машинистenquiry office – справочное бюро environment – окружающая среда; условияequip– оборудовать equipment – оборудование exhaust – выпускать; выхлоп, выпуск; выхлопная труба

Ffare – плата за проезд ferry – паром freight – груз; грузовой frequency– частота failure – повреждение, неисправность, отказfastener– скоба, зажимfastening– закрепление, зажимfellow-traveler – попутчикferry– паромfixing– креплениеflow– потокflexible hose – гибкий шлангfloating bridge – наплавной, понтонный мостfoot (footing) – основание; подошва рельсаforeman– мастерformation – земляное полотноfoundation – основаниеfuel – заправлять (топливом, горючим); топливо fuel supply – подача топлива funicular – фуникулёр fracture– разрыв, излом, трещинаfreight turnover – грузооборот

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ft (foot; feet) – фут(ы)

Ggang – бригада gauge – ширина колеи get– добираться, получать get on– садиться (на поезд) get off – выходить (из поезда) grab – захват; ковш; грейферgondola car – полувагонgoods– груз(ы) grade – уклон, подъёмgradient – уклон, подъём grinding – шлифовкаground-based line – наземная линия

Hto handle sleepers –укладывать шпалыhandle (traffic) – осуществлять (перевозку) haul– тянуть, тащить; транспортировать; доставлять; буксировать haulage – тяга; транспорт hauler– транспортное средство heat– отапливать, нагревать heavy traffic – интенсивное движение heavy traffic line – линия с большой частотой движения heater– обогревательheating – отопление, нагревание heaving - пучина земляного полотна, пучинообразование путиheavy– тяжёлый; интенсивный; сильный; мощный heavy railway service – интенсивное ж.д. движениеheavy train – тяжёловесный поезд hopper car – вагон-хоппер (вагон с опрокидывающемся кузовом) hose – шланг, рукавhorse-powered – приводимый в движение лошадьми

Iimpact-resistant – противоударный, прочный на удар to impose the load – прикладывать нагрузкуinjection – впрыскиваниеin situ – наместеinsulation - изоляцияinsulating rail joint – изолирующий стыкinternal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

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Jjack – домкратjet– реактивный jet engine – реактивный двигатель joint– стыкjoint less (long welded, continuous welded) track– бесстыковой путьjoint less tracks – бесстыковой путьjourney– поездка, рейс journey time – время в пути junction– узловая станция, железнодорожный узел

Llabor– труд land span – боковой пролет мостаto lay down railway track – укладывать железнодорожный путь (полотно)lb– фунт length – длина, протяжённость length– длина, протяженностьlife expired equipment – устаревшее оборудование light– свет; светлый, лёгкий line– линияlining – выправка путиliquid goods – наливные грузы load – нагрузкаloading – погрузка; загрузка locomotive = loco (n) – локомотив locomotive crew – локомотивная бригада long-distance train – поезд дальнего следования lost property office– камера храненияlow voltage current – ток низкого напряжения lower berth – нижняя полка lubricate – смазывать, увлажнятьlubrication – смазка, замасливаниеluggage van – багажный вагон

Mmachine – машинаmainline– магистраль maintain– эксплуатировать, поддерживать в технически исправном состоянииmaintenance– содержание, эксплуатацияmaintenance team –ремонтная бригадаmain (trunk) line – магистральmain span – главный, судоходный пролет моста

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manual labor – ручной труд masonry bridge– каменный мостmaster– мастер mass transit lines – линии общественного транспортаmeans (of transport) – средство (транспорта) mechanism– механизмto miss a train – опоздать на поездmotorcar= motor coach– моторовагонmount– устанавливать, монтироватьmultiple-unit train – электричкаNnozzle– соплоnoise barrier – шумовой заслонnoise emission(s) – излучение шума

Ooffice – офисon board –в вагонеon (according to) schedule – по расписаниюone-way ticket – билет в одном направлении operate– работать, действовать, эксплуатировать; приводить в движение operation – работа, действие, эксплуатация operational– эксплуатационный, рабочийoperating environment – условия эксплуатацииopen-type car=coach– плацкартный вагонoutput– производительностьouter rail – наружный рельсover bridge – путепроводoverhead wire – воздушный провод

Ppatrolling– обход путиpassage – проход, переход passenger turnover – пассажирооборотpaving – дорожное покрытие, мощениеpaving machine – дорожная машинаperformance– работа, эксплуатация, технические характеристикиpermanent way – верхнее строение путиpier – устой мостаpile – сваяplate– пластинаpoint– стрелочный переводpoint heater – обогреватель стрелочного переводаpossession (of the line) – «окно» в графике движения поездов, закрытие перегона

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power– приводить в движение; сила, мощность, энергия power supply – энергоснабжение power supply system – система энергоснабженияpre stressed – предварительно напряженныйpropel – приводить в движение provide – обеспечивать, предусматривать public address system – система громкой связи pull – тянуть, тащить pull up – останавливаться pull out – отходить (от станции – о поезде)to put into operation – пускать в эксплуатацию

Qquality – качество

Rrail – рельсrail approaches – подъездные путиrail bridge – железнодорожный мостrail clip – рельсовое скреплениеrail fastening – рельсовое скреплениеrail fixing – пришивка рельсовrail joint – рельсовый стык rail length – рельсовое звеноrailway (railroad) – железная дорогаrailway track – железнодорожный путь (полотно)rank – занимать место rate– тариф; темп, скорость rear car – хвостовой вагон reballasting – замена балластаreach– достигать, добираться rear – хвост поезда reclining berth – откидная полкаreclining– откидной, складной reclining seat– откидное кресло reduce – понижать, сокращать refuel – дозаправлять, заправлять (топливом) refurbish– модернизировать, обновлять, реставрировать refurbishment– модернизация, обновление, реставрация reinforced concrete – железобетон reinforced plastic – армированный пластикremote control – дистанционное управление remote control system – система дистанционного управления resistance – сопротивление

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restore – восстанавливатьresult in – приводить к ч/л ride– ехать; поездка rider – пассажир ridership – количество пассажиров riding quality – качество ходаroad – дорога road bed –балластная призма (постель)road bridge - автомобильный мостroad transport – автомобильный транспорт road vehicle – автотранспорт rolling stock – подвижной состав round-trip ticket – билет «туда и обратно» route– маршрут enroute – в пути run – двигаться; пробег running rail – ходовой рельс

Ssafetydevice – предохранительный механизм seat – кресло, сиденье, место seating capacity – вместимость (пассажирского вагона) seat of modern design – кресло современной конструкции section – участок ( пути)secondary line – ж.д. линия второстепенного значения see off – провожатьself-propelled – самоходныйservice – служба, эксплуатация; обслуживание, услуги; перевозки, движение service life – срок службы schedule– расписание scheduling –составление расписанияshipping – судоходствоshortness– хрупкость (металла)shoulder – обочина (земляного полотна)shoulder ballast – балласт у стыкаshunt – маневрировать, сортировать shunter=shunting locomotive– маневровый локомотив shuttle – челночный поездshuttle train – челночный поездshunting operation – маневровая работаsingle-track railway – однопутная железная дорога sleeper – шпала; спальный вагонsleepingcar – спальный вагон

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sliding door – раздвижная дверь slope– уклонsmooth– плавный, ровный, гладкий span, n– пролетное строение мостаspan, v – соединять берега рекиto span the river with a bridge – построить мост через рекуsubsurface line – подземная линия suspension bridge – висячий мостsupport foot (footing) – основание опорыto spread the load– распределять нагрузкуspoil– земля, вынутая при земляных работахstabilization – укреплениеstack– укладывать в штабельstability – устойчивостьstation master (ан.) – начальник станции steam engine – паровой двигатель steam locomotive – паровоз steam-powered – приводимый в движение паром steep grade – крутой уклон (подъём) stock – запас; подвижной состав straight section – прямой участок путиstream lined– обтекаемой формы strength– прочностьstructure – сооружение, строение, устройство; структура subgrade – земляное полотноsub-structure – нижнее строение путиsuburban train – пригородный поезд subsurface – подземный supersonic – сверхзвуковой supply– снабжать, обеспечивать, поставлять; поставка, снабжение, подача surface – поверхность surfacestation – наземная станция survey – производить изыскания surveying gang – изыскательская партия switch – стрелочный переводsystem– система

Ttankcar=tank wagon – цистерна tamper– шпалоподбивщикtamping– трамбование, подбивкаteam – бригада terminal, terminus, termination – вокзал, конечная станция test(s) – испытания

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ticket –билетticket-vending (selling) machine – автомат для продажи билетовtie – шпалаtie plate– рельсовая подкладкаtiltin gmechanism – противоопрокидывающиймеханизмtilting train – скоростной поезд с противоопрокидывающим устройством time– время throughtrain – прямой поездtrack – железнодорожный путь (полотно) track-laying machine – путеукладчикtrackmachine – строительно-дорожная машина trackstructure – верхнее строение путиtrack – железнодорожный путь (полотно)track bed – балластный слой, балластная подушкаtrack grinding – выправка путиtrack surfacing machine – планировочная машинаtractive stock – тяговый подвижной состав traffic – движение; перевозки train – поезд, составtrain crew – поездная бригада traffic flow – транспортный потокtraffic frequency – частота движения trafficjam – пробка, затор (на дороге) trafficlights – светофор trailer – прицепной вагон train– поездtransfer– пересаживаться на другой поезд; пересадка -transport(ation)treat– обрабатывать treatment – обработка; пропиткаtotreatwithcreosote – обрабатывать (пропитывать) креозотом trestlebridge – эстакадаtrouble– неполадка, неисправность; повреждение tunnel– тоннель turnover – оборот

Uunbreakable – небьющийся underpass – тоннель; подземный переход tounder go tests – проходить испытанияupgrade – реконструировать, модернизировать

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upgrading – реконструкция, модернизация upholstered carriage– мягкий вагонupholstered seat – мягкое сиденье, сиденье с обивкой up-to-date – современныйupper berth – верхняя полка

Vvan – товарный вагон vehicle – транспортное средствоviaduct – виадук voltage – напряжение

Wwagon - товарный вагон way – путь; дорогаwear – изнашиватьсяwear and tear – износwheel– колесоweb– головка (рельса)weld, n – сварка, сварной шовweld, v – свариватьwire– провод wooden sleeper – деревянная шпалаworks – завод, фабрикаworn-out – изношенный wrench – гаечный ключ

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СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. Агабекян, И.П. Английский для инженеров [Текст] / И.П. Агабекян, П.И. Коваленко. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2007. – 352с. – 3000экз. – ISBN 978-5-222-12171-9.

2. Англо–русский и русско–английский словарь для школьника [Текст]: Фонетика, грамматика, лексика к разговорным темам. / Сост. А.А. Кадук. – К.: А.С.К., 2005. – 800с. – 80000 экз. – ISBN 966-539-255-7.

3. Андреев, Г.Я. Сборник технических текстов на английском языке [Текст] / Г.Я. Андреев, Л.Л. Гураль, А.Л. Лев. – М.: «Высш. школа»,2005. – 200с. – 1000экз.– ISBN 968-5-112-32171-9.

4. Бгашев, В.Н. Английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей [Текст] / В.Н. Бгашев, Е.Ю. Долматова. – М.: АСТ, 2007. – 384с. – 3000экз. – ISBN 978-5-271-12432-7.

5. Бонами, Дэвид. Английский язык для будущих инженеров [Текст] / Дэвид Бонами. - М.: АСТ, 2006. – 320с. – 8000экз. – ISBN 5-17-016962-0.

6. Бриль, Б.М. Работа с техническими текстами на уроках английского языка в средних профессионально технических училищах [Текст]: методические рекомендации для металлообрабатывающих специальностей / Б.М. Брилль, Н.А. Морген. – М.: «Высш. школа»,2006 - 61с. – 250000экз. - ISBN 978-5-721-41272-3.

7. Жесткова, М.В. Английский язык: Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов 1 курса железнодорожных специальностей дневной формы обучения [Текст] / Жесткова М.В., Никитина С.Я. – Самара: СамГАПС, 2005. - 155 с.

8. Калинина, Н.В. Применение технической терминологии на уроках иностранного языка в средних профессионально-технических училищах [Текст]: методические рекомендации / Н.В. Калинина, Ю.С. Шлепова. – М.: «Высш. школа», 2006.– 58с. – 30000экз. - ISBN 155-187-016962-0.

9. Савельева, Н.В. Английский язык. Методические указания и контрольные задания №3 для студентов 2 курса железнодорожных специальностей заочной формы обучения [Текст] / Н.В. Савельева, Н.В. Васильева. – Хабаровск: Изд-во ДВГУПС. – 42 с.

10. Синявская, Е.В. Учебник английского языка для технических вузов [Текст] / Е.В. Синявская. - М.: «Высш. школа», 2007 – 269с. - 50000экз. - ISBN 978-6-08-015128-3.

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11. Шляхов, В.А. Английский язык. Контрольные задание для студентов технических специальностей вузов [Текст]: учебно-методическое пособие / В.А. Шляхова, Т.Д. Любимов. – М.: «Высш. школа», 2007. – 111с. – 500 экз. – ISBN 978-02-04236.

12. International Railway Journal, International Railway Gazette, Rail International.-2000-2002.

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