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GAVI ALLIANCE REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES July 2006

GAVI ALLIANCE REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL FOR ... …siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGLOREGPARPROG/Resources/RFP_f… · 2 The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI ALLIANCE)

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Page 1: GAVI ALLIANCE REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL FOR ... …siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGLOREGPARPROG/Resources/RFP_f… · 2 The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI ALLIANCE)

GAVI ALLIANCE

REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL

FOR

CONSULTANCY SERVICES

July 2006

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The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

(GAVI ALLIANCE)

Wishes to Contract

CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR CONDUCTING THREE EVALUATION STUDIES

SEALED Proposals should be sent to: PSD Procurement (RFP-GAVI ALLIANCE-06-04) UNICEF 5-7 Avenue de la Paix 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland It is essential that this reference RFP-GAVI ALLIANCE-06-04 is shown on the envelope containing the proposal. The Proposals MUST be received at the above address by latest 05:00 p.m. (Geneva Time) on 25 August 2006 and will be opened at 11:00 a.m. (Geneva Time) on 29 August 2006. IMPORTANT – Proposals received in any other manner will be invalidated. It is recommended to deliver the Proposal either by hand or through a private messenger service to avoid lengthened delivery lead time currently experienced for delivery of mail forwarded through the regular mail service. THIS REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL HAS BEEN PREPARED BY: GAVI ALLIANCE

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PROPOSAL FORM THIS PROPOSAL FORM must be completed, signed and returned to UNICEF not later than 25 August 2006 with the RFP documents. An outline of the proposal can be found in ANNEX 1 .Proposal must be made in accordance with the instructions contained in this Request for Proposal. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT Any Contract resulting from this Request for Proposal shall contain UNICEF General Terms and Conditions and any other Specific Terms and Conditions detailed in this Request For Proposal. INFORMATION Any request for information regarding this Request for Proposal must be forwarded by fax to the attention of the person who is specified on 1.4 RFP Change Policy, with specific reference to the Proposal Number. The Undersigned, having read the Terms and Conditions of Request for Proposal No. RFP-GAVI ALLIANCE-06-0 set out in the attached document, hereby offers to GAVI ALLIANCE the services specified in the schedule at the price or prices quoted, in accordance with any specifications stated and subject to the Terms and Conditions set out or specified in the document. Signature: ____________________________________

Date: _____________________________________

Name & Title: _____________________________________

Company: _____________________________________

Postal Address: _____________________________________

Tel. No.: _____________________________________

Fax. No.: _____________________________________

Validity of Offer²: _____________________________________

Currency of Offer (US$ as basis): _____________________________________

Please indicate after having read UNICEF Payment Terms & Discount stated under Cost Proposal which of the following Payment Terms are offered by you: 10 Days 3.0%______ 15 Day 2.5%_______ 20 Days, 2.0%_________ 30 Days Net________ Other: ______________________ ² The minimum is period is 60 days from the opening see 1.8

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Table of Contents PROPOSAL FORM...................................................................................................................... 3 1 PROCEDURES AND RULES.............................................................................................. 5

1.1 ORGANISATIONAL BACKGROUND..............................................................5 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE RFP ......................................................................................5 1.3 CONTRACTING PROCESS................................................................................5 1.4 RFP CHANGE POLICY.......................................................................................6 1.5 RFP RESPONSE FORMAT.................................................................................6 1.6 PROPOSAL OPENING ........................................................................................7 1.7 ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSALS........................................................................7 1.8 RFP TERMS AND CONDITIONS ......................................................................8 1.9 CONTRACTUAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS...............................................9

2 STATEMENT OF WORK ................................................................................................. 10 2.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ...................................................................10 2.2 SCOPE OF CONSULTANCY............................................................................12

3 TERMS OF REFERENCE................................................................................................. 14 4 REPORTING....................................................................................................................... 14 5 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................... 15 6 TIMETABLE....................................................................................................................... 15 7 PROPOSER'S CORPORATE PROFILE......................................................................... 16

7.1 COMPANY PROFILE........................................................................................16 7.2 EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE ....................................................................16 7.3 COST PROPOSAL..............................................................................................16

ANNEX 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 18 ANNEX 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 19 ANNEX 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 25 ANNEX 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 30 ANNEX 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 35

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1 PROCEDURES AND RULES 1.1 ORGANISATIONAL BACKGROUND

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI ALLIANCE) is an historic alliance of public and private sector partners committed to a mission of saving children’s lives and protecting people’s health through the widespread use of vaccines . GAVI ALLIANCE is hosted by UNICEF in Geneva and follows the UNICEF rules and regulations.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE RFP

This Request for Proposal (RFP) is issued to select one or more qualified company (ies) to provide consultancy services to assist GAVI ALLIANCE in conducting three evaluation studies: • ADIP study • ISS study Part B • GAVI Phase One Evaluation : this will be conducted into two parts:

- a pre-study to finalize the scope and TORs of the study ( This RFP is only for this first part - the study itself to take place in 2007 and for which another FRP will be issued

The GAVI ALLIANCE informs proposers that the three studies must be closely coordinated. Hence preference will be given to offers that demonstrate how this can be achieved in spite of the different set of skills required for each one of the studies. If different companies are selected for each one of the studies, the successful bidders will be required to work closely together in order to maximise synergies.

1.3 CONTRACTING PROCESS

The schedule of the contractual process is as follows: 1) 25 August 2006 : Closing date of proposal submission 2) 29 August 2006: public opening of the proposals 3) By 10 September : the company is selected 4) By End October : interim report prepared and presented to GAVI 5) By November 2006:

ADIP study completed ISS study Part B completed GAVI Phase One Evaluation pre-study report completed, and final TORs and plan/methodology for research phase drafted

6) By June 2007: GAVI Phase One Evaluation completed, incorporating outcomes of ISS and ADIPs studies

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1.4 RFP CHANGE POLICY

All requests for clarification or queries on this RFP must be submitted in writing (letter, e-mail or fax) to: Abdallah BCHIR (tel.: +41 22 909 6542, fax: +41 22 909 6550, [email protected]) or to: Michel Zaffran (tel.: +41 22 909 6510 , fax: +41 22 909 6550, [email protected]). Any information provided verbally will not be considered a fundamental change and will not alter the RFP.

Inquiries received less than seven (7) calendar days prior to the bid closing date cannot be guaranteed a response. Only written inquiries will be considered. A response to written queries will be publicly provided to all proposers in writing and posted on the GAVI ALLIANCE website. Erasures or other corrections in the proposal must be explained and the signature of the Proposer shown alongside. All changes to a proposal must be received prior to the closing time and date. It must be clearly indicated that it is a modification and supersedes the earlier proposal, or state the changes from the original proposal. Proposals may be withdrawn by written or faxed request received from Proposers prior to the opening time and date. Proposers are expected to examine all instructions pertaining to the work. Failure to do so will be at Proposer’s own risk.

1.5 RFP RESPONSE FORMAT

Proposers are requested to confirm no later than 07 August 2006 their intention to submit, by sending an e-mail to Abdallah BCHIR ([email protected]). For any additional information required, Proposers may contact: Abdallah BCHIR (telephone: +41 22 909 6542, [email protected]) or: Michel Zaffran (telephone: +41 22 909 , [email protected]) Offers should be submitted in ENGLISH and must be received not later than 25 august 2006 (17h00 Geneva Time) at the UNICEF office in Geneva (see address on page 2) in six (06) original copies duly signed and dated. In addition, each vendor is requested to send one copy by e-mail to ([email protected]) and ([email protected]). The Proposer must submit sealed proposal, ensuring separate binder for the Technical Proposal and the Cost Proposal. The Cost Proposal (Part 5.3) must be submitted in a sealed envelope separate from the rest of the proposal. Prices or rates shall not appear in any other part of the proposal. Sealed Proposals must be securely closed in a suitable envelope, clearly marked on the outside with the RFP number and despatched to arrive at the UNICEF office indicated no later than the closing time and date. Proposals received in any other manner will be invalidated. Sealed proposals received prior to the stated closing time and date will be kept unopened. They will be publicly opened by an authorized representative of UNICEF when the specified time has arrived and no proposal received thereafter will be considered. UNICEF will accept no responsibility for the premature opening of a proposal not properly addressed or identified. Any delays encountered in the

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mail delivery will be at the risk of the Proposer. Offers delivered at a different address or in a different form than prescribed in this RFP, or which do not respect the required confidentiality, or received after the designated time and date, will be rejected. GAVI reserves the right to invalidate any proposal for reasons mentioned above, and, unless otherwise specified by UNICEF, to accept any item in the Proposal. UNICEF reserves the right to invalidate any Proposal received from a Proposer who has previously failed to perform properly or complete contracts on time, or a Proposal received from a Proposer who, in the opinion of UNICEF, is not in a position to perform the contract.

All references to descriptive material and brochures should be included in the appropriate response paragraph, though the material/documents themselves may be provided as annexes to the proposal/response. The Proposer must also provide sufficient information in the proposal to address each area of the Request for Proposal contained in 1.7 to allow the evaluation team to make a fair assessment of the company and its proposal.

Information, which the Proposer considers proprietary, should be clearly marked "proprietary", if any, next to the relevant part of the text, and UNICEF will treat such information accordingly.

1.6 PROPOSAL OPENING

Due to the nature of this Request for Proposal, proposals will be publicly opened at UNICEF, 5-7 Avenue de la Paix, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland at 11:00 am (Geneva time) on 29 August 2006.

1.7 ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSALS

After the public opening, each proposal will be assessed first on its technical merits and subsequently on its price.. GAVI ALLIANCE will set up a steering committee and their conclusions will be forwarded to the internal UNICEF Contract Review Committee.

The steering committee will first evaluate each response for compliance with the requirements of this RFP. Responses deemed not to meet all requirements will be considered non-compliant and rejected at this stage without further consideration.

Failure to comply with any of the terms and conditions contained in this RFP, including the provision of all required information, may result in a response or proposal being disqualified from further consideration. The proposals will be evaluated against the following criteria: a) Relevant experience of staff to be assigned to the task with their CV (Proposals are credited if

they can present a gender balance of the evaluation team and if they include national consultants in the field studies)

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b) Approach and methodology ( the bidders are expected to provide detailed plans of their proposed methodology

c) Financial standing as per the companies’ financial statements. The criteria for selection will be weighted as follows:

- 5% - Financial standing as per the companies’ financial statements - 35% - team experience - 35% - approach and methodology - 25% - financial bid Only at this stage will price be considered. The price/cost of each of the technically compliant proposals shall be considered using the same methodology. The Proposers should ensure that all pricing information is provided in accordance with the Cost Proposal section contained herein. The most-favoured proposal shall be selected on the basis of the best overall value to GAVI ALLIANCE in terms of both technical score/merit and price.

1.8 RFP TERMS AND CONDITIONS

This RFP, along with any responses there to, shall be considered the property of GAVI ALLIANCE and the proposals will not be returned to their originators. In submitting this proposal the Proposer will accept the decision of GAVI ALLIANCE as to whether the proposal meets the requirements stated in this RFP.

GAVI ALLIANCE reserves the right to: • Contact any or all references supplied by the Proposer. • Request additional supporting or supplementary data (from the Proposer). • Arrange interviews with the proposed Contractor (Project Team/Consultants). • Reject any or all proposals submitted. • Accept any proposal in whole or in part. • Negotiate with the most favourable Proposer (s). • Contract any number of companies to conduct one, two or the three studies.

GAVI ALLIANCE will treat in confidence those parts of the RFP proposal that are marked "confidential". Proposal must be valid for a minimum of sixty (60) days from the date of opening of this RFP and must be signed by an authorised representative of the company (ies). The Proposers are requested to indicate the validity period of their proposal on the Proposal Form. GAVI ALLIANCE may also request for an extension of the validity of the proposal.

GAVI ALLIANCE shall not be held responsible for any costs incurred by the Proposers in the preparation of their proposal in response to this RFP.

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1.9 CONTRACTUAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS

The UNICEF General Terms and Conditions attached, as ANNEX 2 will form part of any contract resulting from this RFP. The resulting contract will define all applicable authorities related to this requirement. GAVI ALLIANCE will, together with the selected Contractor, determine the criteria for fulfilment of the contract. The contract shall be for a firm ceiling value with fixed milestones, with firm daily rates and time to support the effort of tasks completed indicated in supporting invoice documentation. Any applicable travel expenses and Per Diems specified for any proposed consultants must be included in detail in the proposal as per UNICEF travel rules. Furthermore, these travel rules require that travel arrangements be made by most economic and direct route. Pursuant to the resulting contract, the Contractor shall provide the services of the personnel specified in the Proposal, and be responsible for providing replacements of similar ability/ with similar qualification and training if replacement is needed. All replacements should be approved by the steering committee.

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2 STATEMENT OF WORK 2.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

2.1.1 GAVI Alliance GAVI ALLIANCE was launched in 2000 to increase immunization rates and reverse widening global disparities in access to vaccines. Governments in industrialized and developing countries, UNICEF, WHO, the World Bank, non-governmental organizations, foundations, vaccine manufacturers, and public health and research institutions work together as partners in the Alliance to achieve common immunization goals, in the recognition that only through a strong and united effort can much higher levels of support for global immunization be generated.

Key to achieving the goals of the Alliance is the need for a dramatic increase in new funding for immunization. At its launch, and building on the resources already provided by individual partners in the Alliance, GAVI ALLIANCE partners created The GAVI Fund to help fill critical gaps in the overall global effort and to maintain a significant source of additional financial support from both public and private donors. The GAVI Fund, was created as the financing arm to help support GAVI immunization goals. While the GAVI Board sets the policies for selecting which countries and programs may access GAVI Fund resources, the GAVI Fund staff and board are responsible for raising new financial resources, managing the funds, and channelling them to developing countries' health systems. In furtherance of GAVI ALLIANCE goals, resources from The GAVI Fund are used to help strengthen health and immunization services, accelerate access to selected vaccines and new vaccine technologies - especially vaccines that are new or under-used, and improve injection safety. For more information on the GAVI ALLIANCE and The GAVI Fund, please consult the websites: www.gavialliance.org.

2.1.2 Partners in GAVI Alliance Governments in developing countries deliver immunization services to children through their national health systems. Government health ministries manage national coordination – usually through inter-agency coordinating committees (ICC), which have become essential to the work of GAVI ALLIANCE.

Governments in industrialized countries help to build political commitment and establish health as a priority for foreign assistance. Donor governments support countries in their efforts to improve health and immunization programmes by participating in national coordinating groups and providing financial and/or technical support to health sectors and immunization programmes.

Vaccine manufacturers in industrialized and developing countries, represented by IFPMA – the International

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Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturer’s Associations – have been GAVI ALLIANCE partners since its inception, The development, manufacturing and marketing of vaccines to all countries of the world are core responsibilities of these member companies. Vaccine manufacturers in developing countries produce vaccines at affordable prices for sale in the developing world. A new GAVI ALLIANCE-inspired network was formed to strengthen collaboration among vaccine manufacturers in developing countries.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation invests in global health efforts, especially in support of immunization, and helps raise awareness of the value of immunization. The Foundation has committed more than $1 billion to projects focused on the prevention and control of infectious disease. These grants help to build coalitions among scientists, universities, nongovernmental organizations and private industry to ensure that all children have access to vaccines and that new drugs, vaccines and diagnostics are developed and delivered.

Nongovernmental organizations – NGOs – have a long history of involvement in the field of child health and immunization. Some NGOs provide technical advice and staff to government programmes while others provide additional financial support.

Public health and research institutions provide policy recommendations on global immunization practices; act as reference laboratories for surveillance and quality control and provide technical staff for operations to help build capacity for research and development.

The World Bank Group works to increase financing to combat communicable diseases and increase immunization through more flexible use of International Development Assistance funds. Immunization is now a key health service indicator in the assessment of a country’s eligibility for debt-relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative.

World Health Organization (WHO), the world’s leader in global public health, provides technical expertise and strategic support to the alliance. Furthermore, WHO staff in the field play a critical role in support of GAVI ALLIANCE objectives. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), is mandated to advocate for the protection of children’s rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. Guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child UNICEF strives to establish children’s rights as international standards of behavior towards children. UNICEF’s role is to mobilize political will and material resources to help countries place children as a top priority. UNICEF is committed to ensuring special protection for the most disadvantaged children.

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2.2 SCOPE OF CONSULTANCY

The board has requested GAVI secretariat to conduct different evaluations • Evaluation of the ADIPs and of the Hib Initiative • The second part of the evaluation of the immunization services support (ISS), • GAVI and GAVI Fund phase 1 evaluation : this will be conducted into two parts:

1. a pre-study to finalize the scope and TORs of the study ( This RFP is only for this first part

2. the study itself to take place in 2007 and for which another FRP will be issued

2.2.1 Evaluation of the ADIPs and of the Hib Initiative

In 2002, following recommendations of its Research and Development Task Force, the GAVI Alliance Board decided to fund two Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans (ADIPs) for new vaccines against Streptococcus pneumonia and rotavirus infections. These two vaccines had been identified as those most likely to rapidly have a substantial public health impact because:

There was no registered vaccine, and/or the existing vaccine had drawbacks which limited their utility;

the vaccine had a high potential impact; and could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in children and/or adults;

There was a high probability of success in short/medium term use of the vaccine;

The vaccines were filling a strategic gap, i.e., no other effort was currently focusing on them;

In December 2004, the GAVI Board established the Hib Initiative which main role is to provide programmatic support to those countries wishing to continue to use Hib vaccine and to those countries wishing to explore whether the introduction of Hib vaccine is a priority for their immunization program/health system.

The objective of this study is to take stock of the way the environment for new vaccine development and introduction has evolved over the past four years, assess the progress made and highlights lessons learnt through the ADIP approach, the first year of existence of the Hib Initiative and other new vaccine introduction related GAVI supported activities.

Study outcomes will be used to make recommendations to the GAVI Board on how to structure and finance its continued support in this priority area over the coming years. The study will be based on desk reviews and interviews of major stakeholders.

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2.2.2 The second part of the evaluation of the immunization services support (ISS) In Phase I (2000-2005), routine immunization is primarily supported through ISS funding. ISS funding is an innovative performance-based strategy that makes continued funding conditional upon improved performance and high quality coverage data. This strategy allows countries and governments to spend ISS funds in any manner they deem appropriate, but funding in later years is based on increases in the number of immunized children. Countries are approved for five years of support, usually including new vaccines, safe injection supplies, and ISS funding. The reward funding is calculated at $20 per additional child receiving DTP3 above the number of children in the baseline year, defined as the year prior to its application year. The accuracy of the procedures used to report number of children immunized with DTP3 is verified through a Data Quality Audit (DQA) conducted by GAVI-retained external auditors. Reward funding is contingent upon both increasing the number of children immunized with DTP3 and on achieving a verification factor of 80 percent on the DQA. If a country does not achieve the 80 percent verification factor on its DQA, it may work to improve data quality and becomes eligible for reward shares if it passes a subsequent DQA. In August 2004, Abt Associates submitted to the GAVI Board a report "Evaluation of GAVI Immunization Services Support Funding". This was originally the first of an envisioned 2-part study series. The first study (Study A) was aimed to review the use of ISS (Immunization Services Support) funding and assess the contribution that ISS funds made towards improving immunization programme performance in recipient countries. The second study (Part B) was originally intended to be a qualitative study to examine how the funding scheme affects the incentives and behaviour of staff in recipient countries. Some of the major findings and recommendations of the first study are the following:

1. GAVI should continue to provide ISS funds, but ongoing monitoring and evaluation are needed

2. Because of the delays in the receipt of ISS funds and the relatively short time in which they were in use in many recipient countries, the statistical findings of the study were limited in nature, particularly regarding the impact of ISS funds on raising coverage.

3. The quantitative desk review portion of the evaluation of the ISS funding mechanism should be repeated, with an aim towards gaining a better understanding of the impact of ISS funding.

The overall aims of the evaluation to be conducted (part B) are:

• To assess the performance-related funding scheme for immunization services strengthening (ISS)

• To identify ways to improve it (if appropriate). The findings of the evaluation are expected to inform the Board’s decision on whether to introduce changes in the present scheme.

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2.2.3 GAVI and the GAVI Fund phase 1 evaluation The overall evaluation will serve different objectives:

• Identify and learn form successes and weaknesses in GAVI and GAVI Fund phase 1 • Contribute to refining/adjusting GAVI policies • Strengthen GAVI accountability by documenting impact

The scope of the evaluation will encompass intervention effectiveness and impact at country and at global level. The GAVI objectives and milestones will be used as reference framework for the further refinement of specific evaluation questions in the inception phase.

Relevant findings from the ISS Part B Evaluation (related to objective #1) and of the ADIP evaluation will be incorporated in the GAVI and GAVI Fund Phase 1 Evaluation report.

The GAVI and GAVI Fund Phase 1 Evaluation will be organized in two phases:

i) A pre-study phase that involves a broad stakeholder consultation and participation in defining the scope and methodology for the evaluation. (September 2006– November 2006). This RFP is only for the pre-study phase, another RFP will be issued on due time for the evaluation research. ii) An Evaluation research phase with data gathering and analysis according to the agreed evolution questions (December 2006 – April 2007)

3 TERMS OF REFERENCE Evaluation of the ADIPS and of the Hib initiative: see ANNEX 3 The second part of the evaluation of the immunization services support (ISS): see ANNEX 4 The GAVI and GAVI Fund phase 1 evaluation: see ANNEX 5 4 REPORTING GAVI will establish a Steering committee for these studies. This Steering Committee will be responsible for: - Agreement of the tender process - Assess the quality and objectivity of the evaluation, incl. that the selected evaluation methods are

appropriate and that reports meet quality criteria and respond to TOR - Review of the bids and recommendation for the adjudication of the contract - Briefing of the successful contractor - Facilitating the work of the contractor by ensuring relevant partners are informed and aware of the study - Advising on choice of alternate countries if the initially proposed country visit are not possible or the

consultant proposes changes

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- Comment on the draft report - Provide guidance to the consultants and be the point of reference for the Consultant team(s). - Ensure that effective links are maintained between the various evaluation studies The contractor will update the steering committee on a regular basis. 5 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS The evaluators will need to demonstrate the following skills and experience: Fluency in the official languages of the countries to be visited strongly preferable. At least five years experience of similar work . Evidence of successful team working. Proven inter-personal skills. Experience of working both with public and private client organizations/enterprises. Strong communication skills. Experience in training others.

Please check ANNEXES 3, 4 and 5 for specific requirements for each study 6 TIMETABLE

Evaluation of the ADIPS: a. Draft report by end of October b. Final Report to the GAVI Executive Secretary for presentation to the GAVI

Board in November 2006 The second part of the evaluation of the immunization services support (ISS)

a. November 2006 :Preliminary results presented to the board b. December 2006 : final report submitted

The GAVI and GAVI Fund phase 1 evaluation a. October- November : Pre-study phase b. November: Pre-study report presented to the GAVI Board c. By June 2007: Evaluation report finalized

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7 PROPOSER'S CORPORATE PROFILE 7.1 COMPANY PROFILE

The Proposer must provide the following background information about the company: • Date and country of incorporation. • Summary of corporate structure and business area. • Corporate directions and experience. • Location of offices or agents relevant to UNICEF. • Number and type of employees. • Most recent Financial Statements.

7.2 EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE

The Proposer shall provide a minimum of three (3) references to clients for whom the proposer has carried out similar scope of project. GAVI ALLIANCE may contact references for feedback on consultants / services provided by your firm to support similar projects.

Name and description of client company/organisation. Names of senior individuals in the client companies who were involved in the Project Scope and scale of Projects. Services provided to client.

7.3 COST PROPOSAL

The Cost Proposal will be divided into two budget lines as follows: fixed costs-central management, coordination costs, overhead costs; reimbursable costs-salary for evaluators, travel and miscellaneous costs for countries. The Currency of the proposal shall be in US Dollars. The Proposer will suggest a payment schedule for his contract. Invoice will be in US Dollars. Payment will be effected by bank transfer in the currency of billing.

The personnel, agents of the contractors shall not be considered in any respect or for any purposes whatsoever as being the employees or agents of UNICEF or GAVI, nor shall any personnel, representatives or other affiliates of UNICEF be considered, for any purposes, as being employees or agents of the contractor.

UNICEF reserves itself the right to award/split the contract to one or more companies.

Please be reminded that we have a limited grant for this RFP and have access to limited resources, as GAVI is a non-profit making organisation, which raises all its funds through voluntary contributions. We are looking for a cost-effective proposal. Please submit your proposal with a proposed budget based on: - The Cost Proposal submitted shall be a separate binder from the rest of the RFP response.

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- Please submit a Cost Proposal for the entire consultancy for all countries you are submitting for. Please also include a detailed quotation per items to be funded based on the terms of reference and other relevant documents.

- Your quotation will be considered a firm high ceiling limit for the project, and not subject to revision. All prices/rates quoted must be exclusive of all taxes as UNICEF is a tax-exempt organisation.

Payment will be made only upon GAVI's acceptance of the work performed in accordance with the contractual milestones. The terms of payment are Net 30 days, after receipt of invoice and acceptance of work, or earlier payment maybe considered if discount for early payment is offered. The Companies should have finalized their report on due time for the final payment including requested documents in the contract. In case of reporting delay that is not due to the conditions specified in UNICEF Terms and Conditions and not expressly reported, UNICEF reserves its rights to terminate the contract after a written notification to the company. The contract terms will be issued by UNICEF. Payment will be 20% of the total contract in advance, 40% on submission of the draft report, and the balance (which will depend on actual expenses) on completion of a satisfactory report.

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ANNEX 1 Outline of Proposal All Proposals should address all aspects of the RFP and should include the following sections at the minimum. I. Proposal Form II. Technical Proposal

Knowledge and experience with similar studies/assessments (see specific required skills for each study)

Understanding of TOR (3.0) and all technical steps/aspects Proposed detailed methodology for the study Managerial aspects at global and country level Timeline of all proposed actions including outputs

III Proposer’s Corporate Profile (Expertise and Experience) Refer to 5.1 and 5.2

Financial standing as per the companies’ financial statements. List of office locations. Experience of staff to be assigned to the task with their CV. (please check the specific required skills

for each study) IV. Cost Proposal

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ANNEX 2 UNICEF GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT COPY

Signing and returning the acknowledgement copy of a contract issued by UNICEF or beginning work under that contract shall constitute acceptance of a binding agreement between UNICEF and the Contractor.

2. DELIVERY DATE

Delivery Date to be understood as the time the contract work is completed at the location indicated under Delivery Terms.

3. PAYMENT TERMS

(a) UNICEF shall, unless otherwise specified in the contract, make payment within 30 days of receipt of the Contractor's invoice, which is issued only upon UNICEF's acceptance of the work specified in the contract.

(b) Payment against the invoice referred to above will reflect any discount shown under the payment terms provided payment is made within the period shown in the payment terms of the contract.

(c) The prices shown in the contract cannot be increased except by express written agreement by UNICEF.

4. LIMITATION OF EXPENDITURE

No increase in the total liability to UNICEF or in the price of the work resulting from design changes, modifications, or interpretations of the statement of work will be authorised or paid to the contractor unless such changes have been approved by the contracting authority through an amendment to this contract prior to incorporation in the work.

5. TAX EXEMPTION

Section 7 of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations provides, inter alia, that the UN, including its subsidiary organs, is exempt from all direct taxes and is exempt from customs duties in respect of articles imported or exported for its official use. Accordingly, the Vendor authorises UNICEF to deduct from the Vendor's invoice any amount representing such taxes or duties charged by the Vendor to UNICEF. Payment of such corrected invoice amount shall constitute full payment by UNICEF. In the event any taxing authority refuses to recognise the UN exemption from such taxes, the Vendor shall immediately consult with UNICEF to determine a mutually acceptable procedure.

Accordingly, the Contractor authorises UNICEF to deduct from the Contractor’s invoice any amount representing such taxes, duties, or charges, unless the Contractor has consulted with UNICEF before the payment thereof and UNICEF has, in each instance, specifically authorised the Contractor to pay such taxes, duties or charges under protest. In that event, the Contractor shall provide UNICEF with written evidence that payment of such taxes, duties or charges has been made and appropriately authorised.

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6. LEGAL STATUS

The Contractor shall be considered as having the legal status of an independent contractor vis-à-vis UNICEF. The Contractor’s personnel and sub-contractors shall not be considered in any respect as being the employees or agents of UNICEF or GAVI.

7. CONTRACTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEES

The Contractor shall be responsible for the professional and technical competence of its employees and will select, for work under this Contract, reliable individuals who will perform effectively in the implementation of the Contract, respect the local customs and conform to a high standard of moral and ethical conduct.

8. INDEMNIFICATION

The Contractor shall indemnify, hold and save harmless and defend, at its own expense, UNICEF, its officials, agents, servants and employees, from and against all suits, claims, demands and liability of any nature or kind, including their costs and expenses, arising out of the acts or omissions of the Contractor or its employees or sub-contractors in the performance of this Contract. This provision shall extend, inter alia, to claims and liability in the nature of workmen compensation, product liability and liability arising out of the use of patented inventions or devices, copyrighted material or other intellectual property by the Contractor, its employees, officers, agents, servants or sub-contractors. The obligations under this Article do not lapse upon termination of this Contract.

9. INSURANCE AND LIABILITIES TO THIRD PARTIES

(a) The Contractor shall provide and thereafter maintain insurance against all risks in respect of its property and any equipment used for the execution of this Contract.

(b) The Contractor shall provide and thereafter maintain all appropriate workmen’s compensation

and liability insurance, or its equivalent, with respect to its employees to cover claims for death, bodily injury or damage to property arising from the execution of this Contract. The Contractor represents that the liability insurance includes sub-contractors.

(c) The Contractor shall also provide and thereafter maintain liability insurance in an adequate

amount to cover third party claims for death or bodily injury, or loss of or damage to property, arising from or in connection with the provision of work under this Contract or the operation of any vehicles, boats, airplays or other equipment owned or leased by the Contractor or its agents, servants, employees or sub-contractors performing work or services in connection with this Contract.

(d) Except for the workmen’s compensation insurance, the insurance policies under this Article

shall:

(i) Include a waiver of subrogation of the Contractor’s rights to the insurance carrier against UNICEF; (ii) Provide that UNICEF shall receive thirty (30) days written notice from the insurers prior to

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any cancellation or change of coverage.

(e) The Contractor shall, upon request, provide UNICEF with satisfactory evidence of the insurance required under this Article.

10. SOURCE OF INSTRUCTIONS

The Contractor shall neither seek nor accept instructions from any authority external to GAVI represented by the Steering Team) in connection with the performance of its services under this Contract.

11. ENCUMBRANCES/LIENS

The Contractor shall not cause or permit any lien, attachment or other encumbrance by any person to be placed on file or to remain on file in any public office or on file with UNICEF against any monies due or to become due for any work done or materials furnished under this Contract, or by reason of any other claim or demand against the Contractor.

12. COPYRIGHT, PATENTS AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

UNICEF shall be entitled to all intellectual property and other proprietary rights including but not limited to patents, copyrights and trademarks, with regard to documents and other materials which bear a direct relation to or are prepared or collected in consequence or in the course of the execution of this contract. At UNICEF's request, the Contractor shall take all necessary steps, execute all necessary documents and generally assist in securing such proprietary rights and transferring them to the UNICEF in compliance with the requirements of the applicable law.

13. FORCE MAJEURE; OTHER CHANGES IN CONDITIONS

(a) In the event of and as soon as possible after the occurrence of any cause constituting force majeure, the Contractor shall give notice and full particulars in writing to UNICEF of such occurrence or change if the Contractor is thereby rendered unable, wholly or in part, to perform its obligations and meet its responsibilities under this Contract. The Contractor shall also notify UNICEF of any other changes in conditions or the occurrence of any event, which interferes or threatens to interfere with its performance of the Contract. On receipt of the notice required under this Article, UNICEF shall take such action as, in its sole discretion; it considers to be appropriate or necessary in the circumstances, including the granting to the Contractor of a reasonable extension of time in which to perform its obligations under the Contract.

(c) Force majeure as used in this Article means acts of God, war (whether declared or not),

invasion, revolution, insurrection or other acts of a similar nature or force.

14. TERMINATION

If the Contractor fails to deliver any or all of the deliverables within the time period(s) specified in the contract, or fails to perform any of the terms, conditions, or obligations of the contract, or should the Contractor be adjudged bankrupt, or be liquidated or become insolvent, or should the contractor

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make an assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or should a Receiver be appointed on account of the insolvency of the contractor, UNICEF may, without prejudice to any other right or remedy it may have under the terms of these conditions, terminate the Contract, forthwith, in whole or in part, upon thirty (30) days notice to the Contractor.

UNICEF reserves the right to terminate without cause this Contract at any time upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Contractor, in which case UNICEF shall reimburse the Contractor for all reasonable costs incurred by the Contractor prior to receipt of the notice of termination.

In the event of any termination no payment shall be due from UNICEF to the Contractor except for work and services satisfactorily performed in conformity with the express terms of this contract. Upon the giving of such notice, the Contractor shall have no claim for any further payment, but shall remain liable to UNICEF for reasonable loss or damage, which may be suffered by UNICEF for reason of the default. The Contractor shall not be liable for any loss or damage if the failure to perform the contract arises out of force majeure.

Upon termination of the contract, UNICEF may require the contractor to deliver any finished work which has not been delivered and accepted, prior to such termination and any materials or work-in-process related specifically to this contract. Subject to the deduction of any claim UNICEF may have arising out of this contract or termination, UNICEF will pay the value of all such finished work delivered and accepted by UNICEF.

The initiation of arbitral proceedings in accordance with Article 22 "Settlement of Disputes" below shall not be deemed a termination of this Contract

15. ASSIGNMENT AND INSOLVENCY 1. The Contractor shall not, except after obtaining the written consent of UNICEF, assign, transfer,

pledge or make other dispositions of the Contract, or any part thereof, of the Contractor's rights or obligations under the Contract.

2. Should the Contractor become insolvent or should control of the Contractor change by virtue of

insolvency, UNICEF may, without prejudice to any other rights or remedies, terminate the Contract by giving the Contractor written notice of termination.

16. USE OF UNITED NATIONS AND UNICEF NAME AND EMBLEM

The Contractor shall not use the name, emblem or official seal of the United Nations or UNICEF or any abbreviation of these names for any purpose.

17. OFFICIALS NOT TO BENEFIT

The Contractor warrants that no official of UNICEF or the United Nations has received or will be offered by the Contractor any direct or indirect benefit arising from this Contract or the award

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thereof. The Contractor agrees that breach of this provision is a breach of an essential term of the Contract.

18. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

Amicable Settlement

The Parties shall use their best efforts to settle amicably any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of, or relating to this Contract or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof. Where the parties wish to seek such an amicable settlement through conciliation, the conciliation shall take place in accordance with the UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules then obtaining, or according to such other procedure as may be agreed between the parties.

Arbitration

Any dispute, controversy or claim between the Parties arising out of this Contract or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, unless settled amicably under the preceding paragraph of this Article within sixty (60) days after receipt by one Party or the other Party's request for such amicable settlement, shall be referred by either Party to arbitration in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules then obtaining. The arbitral tribunal shall have no authority to award punitive damages. In addition, the arbitral tribunal shall have no authority to award interest in excess of six percent (6%) and any such interest shall be simple interest only. The Parties shall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of any such controversy, claim or dispute.

19. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES

Nothing in or related to these General Conditions or this Purchase Order shall be deemed a waiver, express or implied, of any of the privileges and immunities of the United Nations, including its subsidiary organs.

20. CHILD LABOUR

UNICEF fully subscribes to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and draws the attention of potential suppliers to Article 32 of the Convention which inter alia requires that a child shall be protected from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.

21. AUTHORITY TO MODIFY

No modification or change in this Contract, no waiver of any of its provisions or any additional contractual relationship of any kind with the Contractor shall be valid and enforceable against

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UNICEF unless provided by an amendment to this Contract signed by the authorised official of UNICEF.

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ANNEX 3 TORs for ADIP evaluation

Lessons learned from GAVI’s initial efforts to accelerate the introduction of new vaccines including the Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans (ADIPs), the Hib Initiative

and implications for future efforts

One of GAVI’s original objectives was to accelerate the development and introduction of priority vaccines into developing countries. GAVI initially focused on accelerating the uptake of Rotavirus and Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines through the Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (ADIPs). Later these efforts were complemented by the development of the Hib Initiative. Finally, in order to facilitate decision making on the selection of vaccines that would be supported by GAVI, a framework for the development of investment case was developed.

Limiting the time between when vaccines are routinely used in the industrialized countries and when they are incorporated into routine immunization schedules in developing countries remains one of GAVI’s most important priorities. As GAVI develops its 5 year strategic plan, it will be important to understand how the landscape for new vaccine introduction has evolved, and what lessons can be learned from GAVI’s initial efforts to accelerate the uptake of HepB, Hib, and Yellow Fever vaccines and the likely impact of the ADIPs as currently designed and supported to pave the way for a more timely uptake of rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines. These lessons will be critical for GAVI to determine how it accelerates new vaccine uptake in the future.

BACKGROUND In 2002, following recommendations of its Research and Development Task Force, the GAVI Alliance Board decided to fund two Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans (ADIPs) for new vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and rotavirus infections. These two vaccines had been identified as those most likely to rapidly have a substantial public health impact because:

There was no registered vaccine, and/or the existing vaccine had drawbacks which limited their utility;

the vaccine had a high potential impact; and could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in children and/or adults;

There was a high probability of success in short/medium term use of the vaccine;

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The vaccines were filling a strategic gap, i.e., no other effort was currently focusing on them;

Vaccine development and introduction is characterized by long-lead time for manufacturers, governments and public health partners. Vaccine forecasts are critical to industry decisions as firms must invest years in the development and scale up production capacity years before the product is actually purchased. Delays in developing forecasts will have dramatic effects on the timeliness of available supply. Inaccurate demand forecasts will result in sub-optimal capacity decisions leading to either shortages, under-utilized facilities or manufacturers left holding expensive inventory. In many cases, a “vicious cycle” comprised of uncertain demand, insufficient supply, and high prices has prevailed. Improving the timeliness and accuracy of demand forecasts is critical to break this cycle.

Experience with the introduction and uptake of two “newer” vaccines, Hepatitis B and Hib vaccines, illustrated that developing country introduction can be 15-20 years after a product is introduced in industrial countries. The slow introduction is due to a variety of factors including uncertain demand, inadequate capacity, fears about long-term sustainable funding, fears about LT prices, and, in the case of Hib, a lack of evidence (e.g. local disease burden data) about the potential value of the vaccine.

The immunization community sought to learn from these experiences to identify better strategies to support the introduction of the next round of priority vaccines such as pneumo and rota vaccines. On behalf of GAVI, the Gates Foundation and the World Bank commissioned McKinsey & Company to explore strategies to accelerate the access and introduction of pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines into developing countries.

McKinsey explored the product pipeline and the timing for new vaccines already under development. It found that a phased approach was needed, with immediate work with firms who had late stage products (Phase III or beyond) complemented by mid to long-term efforts to facilitate other suppliers to enter the market (e.g. emerging suppliers, next generation technologies…) To identify priority activities for the initial phase focused on early access to products in late stage, McKinsey analyzed barriers that inhibited investments by firms in the late-stage development, production and scale-up of pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines. Consultations with the manufacturers as well as other public and private sector experts indicated that demand uncertainty was the most important barrier. Demand uncertainty is the very real risk to a manufacturer that governments and or donors will purchase the vaccine when expected. As seen in the cases of Hep B and Hib, introduction did not occur for at least fifteen years after licensure in industrialized countries. This delay represents a tremendous cost to a manufacturer who has invested in the early licensure and production capacity for the developing world market. Another important barrier was poor communication between countries, partners and firms. The

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need for a targeted effort to ensure each group had the necessary data at the earliest possible time was highlighted as critical for the creation of demand and supply in a new market. The study proposed a comprehensive, target-oriented plan for introduction of new vaccines that was backed by adequate funding. Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans (ADIPs) for pneumo and for rotavirus vaccines were developed to help coordinate and fund partners engaged in the workplan. The Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans (ADIPS) In 2002 the GAVI Board approved the Pneumococcal and Rotavirus ADIPS as the most efficient way for GAVI to support the introduction of new vaccines into the poorest countries. ADIPs were designed to address the following objectives:

Improve demand forecasts (i.e. through working with governments to provide the

necessary data for evidence-based national decisions), ensure supply (i.e. by working with manufacturers early, and funding (i.e. by engaging governments and donors early as they debate priorities and

resource allocation).

Why ADIPS?

Manufacturers with late stage pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines consistently identified uncertain demand as the largest problem inhibiting investment in the development and supply of these products for the developing world. The ADIP strategy therefore is designed to identify the mix of activities necessary to accelerate the development and introduction of these products by promoting a research agenda, creating and specifying national demand and ensuring the availability of supply to meet that demand. The approach promotes focus around a specific product introduction strategy, and the existing activity plans prioritize those efforts which help establish the value of a vaccine product, communicate that value to relevant stakeholders, and deliver that value to end users in developing countries. The Need to Continually Assess the Attractiveness of Specific Products

In developing the preliminary Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans, the study team conducted preliminary economic analyses of both pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccine products. These analyses – which will benefit from further refinement and expansion by the ADIP team – evaluated a range of demand and supply factors and used available data to generate preliminary conclusions. These early findings suggest that under certain circumstances, the use of public sector resources to accelerate the introduction of rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine products could represent as a highly cost-effective and economically appropriate method for reducing the burden of these diseases in developing countries.

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However, the ADIP concept requires ADIP teams to continually reassess the policy attractiveness of these specific vaccine products based on improved clinical, epidemiological, and economic data. ADIP teams are expected to conduct rigorous assessments of product attractiveness and use these assessments to refine the existing product development and introduction plans. The ADIP team also will use these assessments to advise the GAVI Board on whether or not to proceed with early introduction activities for specific products at pre-specified project milestones (“go / no go” decision points)

ADIPS were designed to improve supply and demand certainty through interactive planning and implementation by both the public and private sectors. It was felt that, if executed successfully, the ADIP effort would turn the “vicious cycle” of demand uncertainty, inadequate supply, and high prices into a virtuous cycle of efficient supply, predictable demand and (lower) prices. The ADIPS were tasked with developing the multi-year coordinated work program to achieve this goal, for example, ensuring that data such as disease burden, efficacy and cost-effectiveness were available to government decision makers evaluating whether or not to introduce a pneumococcal or rotavirus vaccine into their national program. These decisions, in turn, needed to be translated into credible and timely demand forecasts for industry. It was felt that beginning these activities early was necessary to help alleviate the concern for manufacturers that demand will not exist, and the concerns of the public sector that the vaccines will be unaffordable and unavailable. In 2005, the GAVI Board developed a new GAVI investment process, requiring comprehensive and comparable data about any vaccine or strategy that might be funded by GAVI (Investment Cases). The ADIP’s work to support vaccine introduction would need to be presented to the Board through an Investment Case before funding to support vaccine purchases would be approved. Also in 2005, the Board launched the Hib Initiative (an ADIP-like entity) as a means to assist countries to collect and analyze data to inform their decision of whether to introduce Hib-containing vaccines into routine immunization programmes. Objectives and scope The objectives of the evaluation are

i) to take stock of the way the environment for new vaccine development and introduction has evolved over the past 4 years,

ii) to assess the progress made and highlight the lessons learnt through the innovative ADIPs approach, the Hib initiative and other new vaccine introduction related GAVI supported activities and

iii) To make recommendations to the GAVI Board on the structure and finance its continued support in this priority area in the coming years.

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Changing Environment Describe how the environment that prevailed at the time ADIPs were established has evolved and how changes may have affected the relevance and objectives of the ADIPs. For instance:

• Lessons learned in the introduction of Hib and HepB vaccines • Evolution of the vaccines market • Product pipeline over the next 5 to 10 years • Availability of funds to support vaccine R&D • Availability of new financing mechanisms for vaccines and immunizations • Competing health objectives such as increased attention on strengthening health

systems, availability of new health interventions and products (e.g. antiretroviral, anti-malarial).

Evaluation of the ADIPs; their mandate, structure, support from the partners, and impact. Given the changing environment assess the value of the Rota and the Pneumo ADIPs in accelerating the access to and uptake of their respective vaccines by the poorest countries in the world; Was the mandate of the ADIPs and of the Hib Initiative clearly defined at the outset? Review the original TORs of the ADIPs and assess how the Rota and Pneumo ADIPs have

each fulfilled their objectives including any modifications they made to their defined goals; 1. Summarize major stakeholders (industry, technical partners, GAVI stakeholders and

countries) objective assessment and lessons learned from the two ADIPs 2. Highlight any major shortcomings or issues that are not under the control of the ADIP but to

GAVI management (e.g. Board, Exec Committee, Management Committee, Working Group, Secretariat);

3. Is each ADIP appropriately empowered and supported (GAVI Board, GAVI Secretariat, Management committee) and did they have the necessary resources

4. How does the work of the Pneumo and the Rota ADIP complement or compete with each other, with the Hib Initiative and with partners mandates?

Next Steps • In view of the availability of licensed rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines and of the rich

pipeline for other vaccines of relevance, clarify what role GAVI should be playing to continue to support the introduction of these and other new vaccines into the developing world

How should this support be structured, building on the lessons learnt from the experience with HepB, Hib, and Yellow fever vaccines and the ADIPs?

Should GAVI centralize some of the ADIP functions providing common support across all vaccines;

Should some function remain product specific? What are the pros and cons?

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• If GAVI should modify its approach : What should be the scope and mandate of any new GAVI and ADIP effort(s)? How should they be organized and managed? What role should the GAVI Secretariat, ADIP teams and other partners play? How should these changes be transitioned in?

Process and timeline

Interview of all major stakeholders of the RotaADIP, PneumoADIP, Hib Initiative and GAVI new vaccine work : Industry partners, GAVI Board and EC Members, Dr Tore Godal, former Executive Secretary of GAVI, McKinsey consultants who carried out the initial work, ADIPs and hib initiative staff, GAVI Secretariat and Working Group, Partners in various institutions collaborating with ADIPs, Regional Working groups and selected country representatives)

Draft report by end of October for presentation to the Executive Committee in September 2006

Final Report to the GAVI Executive Secretary for presentation to the GAVI Board in November 2006

Sources of information Mercer, McKinsey and BCG studies ADIP and Hib Initiative technical and financial reports and newsletters Management committee and Board meeting minutes and reports Skills required The investigators are expected to have the following skills and experience: - strong experience and skills in evaluation methodology - Strong experience and skills in evaluation of management systems - In-depth understanding of the pharmaceutical market and of vaccine industry in particular - Good understanding of GAVI’s objectives and specifically the new vaccine introduction effort - Experience of work with vaccine manufacturers and multilateral organizations would be

desirable ANNEX 4

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Terms of Reference for the

Evaluation of ISS Scheme in GAVI Phase 1

Introduction: The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) is an alliance involving multiple partners from the private and public sectors, dedicated to improving health and saving the lives of children through the support of widespread vaccine use. In Phase I (2000-2005), GAVI provided support to immunization programs through the GAVI Fund (VF) in the form of in-kind support for the introduction of new vaccines, in-kind and cash contributions for injection safety, and cash contributions for immunization services support (ISS). Routine immunization is primarily supported through ISS funding, which is the focus of this study. In order to be eligible for ISS grants during 2000-2005, countries must have a per capita gross national income of less than $1,000 (which included 75 of the world’s poorest countries for 2000-2005) and DTP3 coverage rates below 80 percent. ISS funding is an innovative performance-based strategy that makes continued funding conditional upon improved performance and high quality coverage data. This strategy allows countries and governments to spend ISS funds in any manner they deem appropriate, but funding in later years is based on increases in the number of immunized children. Countries are approved for five years of support, usually including new vaccines, safe injection supplies, and ISS funding. While the calculation of funding or in-kind support is based on five year projections, for many countries, the period of support is extended over seven years. ISS funding for the first “year” is paid in installments over three years and is considered investment funds. The final four years is comprised of reward funding. The reward funding is calculated at $20 per additional child3 receiving DTP3 above the number of children in the baseline year, defined as the year prior to its application year. The accuracy of the procedures used to report the number of children immunized with DTP3 is verified through a Data Quality Audit (DQA) conducted by GAVI-retained external auditors. Reward funding is contingent upon both increasing the number of children immunized with DTP3 and on achieving a verification factor of 80 percent on the DQA. If a country does not achieve the 80 percent verification factor on its DQA, it may work to improve data quality and become eligible for reward shares if it passes a subsequent DQA. Countries that were granted ISS funding began to become eligible in 2004 for four years of reward share funding, based on the actual number of additional children immunized with DTP3. Countries that failed the DQA were declined reward shares, and those that passed the DQA and increased the number of children immunized began to receive reward shares in 2004. 3 $20 represents an estimate of the cost of fully vaccinating a child.

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As of December 2005, US $126 million of ISS funds had been disbursed to 53 countries. WHO/GAVI projections estimated that by end 2005, in countries receiving ISS support, 8.3 million additional children had been vaccinated with DTP3, and by end 2008, this number will reach nearly 33 million. In August 2004, Abt Associates submitted to the GAVI Board a report "Evaluation of GAVI Immunization Services Support Funding". This was originally the first of an envisioned 2-part study series. The first study (Study A) was aimed to review the use of ISS (Immunization Services Support) funding and assess the contribution that ISS funds made towards improving immunization programme performance in recipient countries. The second study (Part B) was originally intended to be a qualitative study to examine how the funding scheme affects the incentives and behaviour of staff in recipient countries. The major findings and recommendations of the first study are the following:

1. 62% of the ISS funds have been disbursed 2. Overall, it does not appear that the concept of maximizing reward shares is a high priority in the programming of ISS funds. 3. Countries used quite different criteria for allocating funds across districts. In most countries, the allocation process appears systematic and strategic 4. the presence of a coherent ICC (inter-Agency Coordination Committee) appeared to be the

key factor determining strategic allocation of funds 5. There have been difficulty accessing funds at district level 6. ISS funding is largely used for recurrent cost (82%) 7. GAVI should continue to provide ISS funds, but ongoing monitoring and evaluation are

needed 8. Immunization data quality and completeness were a major problem in most of the case

studies, further complicating any conclusion regarding changes in performance 9. Because of the delays in the receipt of ISS funds and the relatively short time in which they

were in use in many recipient countries, the statistical findings of the study were limited in nature, particularly regarding the impact of ISS funds on raising coverage.

10. The quantitative desk review portion of the evaluation of the ISS funding mechanism should be repeated, with an aim towards gaining a better understanding of the impact of ISS funding.

Aims and objectives of the evaluation (part B): The overall aims of the evaluation are:

(i) To assess the performance-related funding scheme for immunization services strengthening (ISS) (ii) To identify ways to improve it (if appropriate).

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The findings of the evaluation are expected to inform the Board’s decision on whether to introduce changes in the present scheme.

Specific Objectives:

1) To assess the experience of the ISS scheme in Phase 1: a. Number of countries provided with investment funds, b. Number of countries receiving reward payments, c. Amount of resources allocated for investment, d. Amount of resources allocated for reward payments, e. Amount of resources expended, f. Who controls funding at country level, account signatories, g. Role of the ICC, h. Planning for the use of ISS resources

2) To assess the application of ISS funding at country level and its relation to overall immunization financing

a. What have been the main uses of ISS funds? b. What proportion of ISS funds has been used to improve surveillance, monitoring and

evaluation? c. Total funding by category of expenditure , d. Have ISS funds been used for recurrent/ operating expenses? e. Have ISS funds been additional to national resources for immunization or have

they replaced exiting government or partners funding 3) To identify the relationship between the allocation of ISS funding and immunization

coverage rates (DTP3) Methodology It is suggested that the methodology of the review includes he following:

1) Desk review using but not limited to the following sources of information: a. Country annual progress reports b. WHO-UNICEF Joint Reporting Forms c. Financial Sustainability Plans d. The World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) database e. The United Nations Population Division database f. The UNICEF child information database g. Other publicly available key health indicators.

Where necessary, GAVI Alliance members such as WHO, UNICEF, and the World Bank

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will facilitate access to the required data for the selected contractor. The desk review will be composed of a descriptive analysis and will aim to generate the following information:

o Breakdown in ISS funding as reported in progress reports o Utilisation rates of ISS funds o Trends and patterns in coverage figures (as reported in both the JRF and by

the WHO-UNICEF coverage estimates) - including DTP3, MCV, dropout rates, etc.

o Trends in sources of immunization programme funding (according to FSP/progress reports)

o Patterns of resource implementation and use (according to progress reports), including looking at who controls the funds, at what levels the funds are used, etc, and ISS fund usage as percentage of fixed and recurrent costs.

o Repeat of the general descriptive analyses produced in the Annex tables to Study A.

In addition to the largely descriptive analyses described above, it is expected that the investigators will use a variety of multivariate data analysis techniques (e.g. principal components, k-means clustering, classification and regression trees, multivariate regression, and others as appropriate), to explore the trends and patterns in immunization performance and financing with a goal towards creating classifications of countries which have received ISS funding. The work done by the World Bank on immunization benchmarking should be used as a guide towards the types of outputs that might be expected from this analysis. Key factors to examine in developing a classification of countries include immunization coverage, health expenditures and ISS support received, but other indicators may help define natural groupings of countries that seem to have had similar experiences.

Expected outcomes from this will be

a. Further descriptive analyses of trends in key indicators among recipients of ISS support, broken down by achievement levels

b. Classification or benchmarking of countries into similar groups of performance. This should yield somewhere between 4 and 9 country groupings.

c. Recommendations on what data elements appear to be missing from such an analysis, and how such data might be obtained.

d. An assessment of the relative quality of different indicators used in the analysis.

2) Country Case studies including but not limited to those countries visited in the first evaluation (Kenya, Cambodia, Mali, Mozambique, Tanzania and Madagascar) to determine whether there have been any changes (positive/negative) given the longer time frame for using ISS funds. The selection of countries to be visited will have also to take into account a

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balance between the different regions, performances. These country case studies will also be used to complement the desk review

3) Telephone interview for further investigation of the use of ISS funds at the country level and

to better understand the determinants of coverage. The contractor will interview national officials as well as major stakeholders such as WHO and UNICEF country representatives.

Deliverables: The report of the evaluation will include the findings in order to share the lessons learned from this innovative approach and make recommendations for the next steps with ISS. The prime audience for this report is the GAVI Board and the GAVI Alliance constituencies at large. Because of the broad diversity in country situations and since the number of actual country reviews will be limited; it will be difficult to generalize findings across all countries. Therefore, the results for this part of the study will be presented as country case studies. However, the desk review will cover the total sample of all 53 countries that have been approved for ISS funding, and hence findings should be generalizable. Skills required: The investigators are expected to have the following skills and experience: - strong experience and skills in

- evaluation methodology - statistical analysis - epidemiology - financial analysis

- experience of working in developing countries - knowledge of performance based schemes - Expertise in immunization programme implementation and health systems development. Proposed timeline - September- November : Study conducted - November : Preliminary results presented to the board ANNEX 5

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TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR

GAVI AND GAVI FUND PHASE ONE (2000-2005) EVALUATION

1. BACKGROUND

• The GAVI alliance is a public-private partnership whose primary goal is to reverse the trend of declining coverage rates and to accelerate the introduction of new vaccines, in order to avoid deaths of vaccine preventable diseases.

• GAVI is in the process of moving from Phase 1 (2000-2005) to Phase 2 (2006-2015). It is therefore an opportune time to take stock of GAVIs and the GAVI Fund in their first six years of existence.

• Several studies have been conducted to assess some components of GAVI support to countries as well as managerial aspects.

The evaluation will need to take into account:

• Related studies requested to be conducted by Board in 2006 (ISS Part B, ADIP) • The multi-stakeholder dimension of the GAVI Alliance, hence the need for broad

stakeholder involvement and participation • The partnership and “added-value” dimension of the GAVI Alliance and the GAVI Fund.

2. EVALUATION OBJECTIVES

The evaluation will serve different objectives: • Identify and learn form successes and weaknesses of the GAVI Fund and GAVI in phase 1 • Contribute to refining/adjusting GAVI policies • Strengthen GAVI accountability by documenting impact4

Experiences from other multi-stakeholder partnerships suggest that stakeholder participation also in definition of objectives is important to ensure relevance, quality and ownership of evaluation results. Further refinement of specific objectives and evaluation questions will therefore take place through a participative process organized by the contracted consultants in the evaluation pre-study phase.

3. SCOPE OF EVALUATION

The scope of the evaluation will encompass intervention effectiveness and impact at country and at 4 Impact is proposed defined as the totality of the effects of a development intervention, positive and negative, intended and unintended, in line with the OECD/DAC Network on Development Evaluation.

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global level. The GAVI and GAVI Fund objectives and milestones will be used as starting point for the further refinement of focus and specific evaluation questions in the pre-study phase. The stated GAVI objectives are: :

1. Improve access to sustainable immunization services 2. Expand the use of all existing safe and cost-effective vaccines, and promote delivery of other

appropriate interventions at immunization contacts 3. Support the national and international accelerated disease control targets for vaccine-

preventable diseases 4. Accelerate the development and introduction of new vaccines and technologies 5. Accelerate R&D efforts for vaccines needed primarily in developing countries 6. Make immunization coverage a centerpiece in international development efforts

Possible dimensions of GAVI and GAVI Fund performance to be measured in the evaluation:

• Support related performance (e.g. ISS, NVI, INS) • Operational performance • System effects performance • Health and socio-economic impact

Possible dimensions of GAVI institutional capacities to be evaluated, taking into account added-value elements:

• Policy and leadership • Resources • Partnership • Fund raising?

4. EVALUATION PROCESS

I. Pre-study Phase: Design and implement a process to seek stakeholder involvement in developing the scope of the evaluation. (September 2006 – November 2006) This pre-study phase will include broad stakeholder consultation and participation in defining the scope and methodology for the evaluation. Key tasks:

Identification of ongoing and exiting studies for the different dimensions of the evaluation (The GAVI objectives and milestones should be used as reference framework (ref. annex 3)

Prioritize the gaps of information considering immediate decision to be taken and technical feasibility

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Organize a stakeholder consultation with the different alliance stakeholders Analysis of stakeholder input and consensus reaching approaches Agree on interpretation of evaluation questions and basic result levels (i.e Impact,

system effects, grant performance, operational performance) Pre-study report presented to the GAVI Board in November 2006 Final approval of scope and methodology of the GAVI Phase one evaluation by the board

in November 2006 The pre-study report must be approved by the GAVI Board before the evaluation proceeds to the next phase. II. Evaluation research phase (December 2006 – March 2007) Desk analysis Stakeholder interviews Field studies Incorporation of relevant findings from ISS Phase B evaluation (related to objective #1) and ADIP study (related to objectives 2, 4&5)

III. Reporting and dissemination (March – April 2007) The steering committee will examine the evaluators draft report against the contracted criteria, and make sure that key stakeholders are invited to respond to the draft report. The steering committee will disseminate the results of the evaluation to all interested parties, in particular the users. Expected products:

Country reports (brief) Global data sets A synthesis report

IV. Management Response: (May-June 2007) The GAVI board and/or the GAVI Secretariat revise evaluation report and recommendations and if required suggests actions to adjust the strategic plan or workplan of the GAVI Alliance.

5. METHODOLOGY

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The methodology should be further developed by the evaluation team during the pre-study phase, but shall at the minimum consider the following:

desk review quantitative analyses of country data interviews with stakeholders Country studies in 4-6 countries looking at operational performance of the Alliance

(including coordination), grant performance (ISS, INS, NVI) and system effects of GAVI support.

The contractor will be required to develop the approach/ method and input variables for undertaking this work for review by the Steering Committee. Establishment of an Evaluation Steering Committee composed of

• a sub-set of the Board • a few additional external evaluation experts (for example from academia or institutions

involved in the field of evaluation)

6. SKILLS REQUIRED

The investigators are expected to have the following skills and experience: • strong experience and skills in

- evaluation methodology (including participatory methods) - statistical analysis - health system research skills - epidemiology

• experience of working in developing countries • Expertise in immunisation programme implementation and health systems development. • Independence and objectivity

7. TIMELINE

25 August 2006 : Receipt of bids 10 September 2006: The Company is selected October- November: Pre-study phase November: Pre-study report presented to the board By June 2007: Evaluation report finalized

Annex to draft ToRs GAVI Phase One Evaluation Examples of possible dimensions of GAVI performance that could be measured in the evaluation

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Operational performance

Resources mobilization Operations management Communication Proposal review and approvals Review of annual progress report Disbursement of funds to countries Procurement and delivering supplies Providing technical assistance Conducting DQAs Conducting FSPs

GAVI support related performance

Country support performance • ISS

o Rewards o Use of funds o Improving reporting system o Strengthening the NPI o Additional children vaccinated

• INS o Use of INS devices o Improvement of waste disposal o Taking over GAVI support

• NVS o Introduction of new vaccines o Building cold chain capacity o Children vaccinated o Financial contribution

• YF stockpile • Measles support

Regional support performance • RWG

o Meetings o TA o Fund raising

Global support performance • ADIPs • Hib Initiative • Strategic plan 04-05

System effects performance Global level

• Added value

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o Harmonization o Catalytic effect on resources o Public/private partnership o Innovation: DQA, FSP, cMYP , DQA…. o New approaches to strengthen NPI: RED,

Country level • ICC • Catalytic effect on resources • Financial impact and sustainability • Effects on the health system • Innovative approaches to delivery

Health and socio-economic impact

Global level • Deaths averted • Mortality reduction • Inequity reduction • Poverty reduction

Country and regional level • Deaths averted • Mortality reduction • Inequity reduction • Poverty reduction

Possible dimensions of GAVI institutional capacities to be assessed and used to explain the level of achieved performance:

o Policy and leadership Guiding principles : how policies and strategies have provided clear guidance for the

programmes and for partners Governance (legal framework, role and performance of the board and workings

groups in policy formulation and overall management of the organization) Leadership Information and communication

o Resources Resources mobilization Human resources and organizational structures Grant management M/E systems

o Partnership Global partnership Country partnership

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Technical support Support among partners