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GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

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Page 1: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

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Page 2: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

GAT context:

Primary health care  is a recognized gap  in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes.

Various separate partnerships have been created in response to specific challenges. Proposals have been made to address the most pressing gaps (e.g., TNO’s submission for FHT, SRCHC’s proposal for post‐partum depression service expansion).

However, there has been no overall coordinated health/primary health care plan for TP involving all players to guide priority setting and system integration.

TC LHIN convened key stakeholders serving TP in December 2013 to initiate a collaborative planning process focused on primary health care.  

To inform this process, Flemingdon Health Centre (FHC) in collaboration with Thorncliffe Neighborhood Office (TNO) and South Riverdale CHC (SRCHC) conducted a health care current state and gap analysis, emphasizing primary health care in TP.

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Page 7: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

History and Geography – A Contained community

Thorncliffe Park was a planned suburban community.  It was contemplated during the construction of the Don Valley Parkway (DVP) when it was assumed that  eventually everyone would own a vehicle.

The nearby Parkway, the Don Valley ravine to the south and east and the CN rail line to the north restrict access to and from Thorncliffe Park resulting in an isolated and cloistered micro community with only four entry/exit points.

The only way south or east out of the community require crossing two high bridges designed primarily for cars. The bridges are difficult and dangerous to walk, and a safety concern for pedestrians. This photo shows the length and height of the bridges ‐ two of Thorncliffe Park's only four entry/exit points.

http://spacing.ca/toronto/2013/07/25/concrete‐toronto‐the‐don‐valley‐parkway‐and‐suburban‐growth/

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Page 8: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

People

“Today’s TP, Tomorrow’s Canada”

Population size (2011) = 19,250 according to census.

TP is a top newcomer receiver community with a young population that is undergoing acculturation and has strong cultural ties.

The population is relatively educated but also under/unemployed.

Many intergenerational families live together in the apartments.

While TP apartments are older and fairly large 2‐3 bedroom units, families and friends are doubling up because of lack of access to housing and affordability which is causing overcrowded living conditions.http://spacing.ca/toronto/2008/05/08/walking‐thorncliffe‐park/

Other key population characteristics:• Politically active (high voting rate), high level of involvement in grassroots, faith groups and large multi‐

service agency (TNO).

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Page 9: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

• Sizable undocumented/uninsured population with a variety of circumstances (exact numbers not available).

The following key sub‐populations were the focus of our analysis: newcomers; women; young families and children; youth; seniors; refugees/non‐insured.

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Page 10: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Demographics, Language, Immigration and Ethno‐Racial Diversity, Socio‐economic Status ‐ highlights

City of Toronto released its new methodology for identifying priority neighbourhoods in March 2014.  The Urban Heart Matrix looks at a combination of economic opportunity, social and human development, governance, physical environment & infrastructure indicators.

Each neighbourhood is given an equity score based on comparative results to the Toronto rate. The neighbourhoods with the 10 lowest equity scores have been designated at Neighbourhood Improvement Areas.  Thorncliffe Park has the 9th lowest equity score in Toronto.  Other neighbourhoods include South Parkdale, Regent Park, Oakridge, Mount Dennis and Black Creek.

The Top 10 neighbourhoods will be the focus for City of Toronto coordinated service planning and resource allocation. 

What Urban Heart Matrix tells us about TP population:• Comparably high levels of unemployment and social assistance and low income levels. Education levels are 

higher than comparable neighborhoods and on par with Toronto, and the community is civically engaged. 

• The high rate of diabetes and hospitalization due to preventable causes in TP point to the need for accessible and comprehensive primary health care in the community.

For GAT we selected the following neighbourhoods as comparators to Thorncliffe Park:  Crescent Town, Flemingdon Park, Oakridge, North St. James Town because they are all newcomer, high density/high risecommunities with similar diversity and socioeconomic profiles.

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Page 11: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Thorncliffe Park is experiencing rapid population growth. Between 2001 and 2011 the community grew by 2,500.  That’s more than a 15% increase over the 2011 population estimate of 19,275.

The current population size is likely underreported. It has been frequently reported that families and friends “double‐up” in apartments. TNO and others estimate that the population size is closer to 30,000. 

The greatest growth is amongst children.  Thorncliffe Park has the highest fertility rate in the City by far.  The three‐year average number of births/1000 women 15‐49 years of age was 84.7 in 2009‐11.  The next highest fertility rate was Black Creek at 63.2/1000 women aged 15‐49.

• 71.6% more children 0‐14 years than the proportion of children in this age group in the City of Toronto.  

• Double the proportion of children aged 0‐4 in comparison to the City (10.6% vs 5.4%).  The total number of hospital births continues to increase over time.

• In 2011, 67.0% of private households had children and 18.2% of private households had 5+ persons.

The high fertility rate and the fact that over 90% of births are to mothers not born in Canada suggests a much higher need than other areas of the City for pre‐natal and post‐partum care and services for mothers and children – care that is accessible, culturally competent and well coordinated during pregnancy and throughout childhood.

Seniors represent a relatively small proportion of TP (less than Toronto average by 28.6%) but what is unique is the large proportion of seniors who are medically complex AND living alone (40% living alone). Seniors over 75+ in TP had approximately 25% more ED visits than the Toronto average (2009/10). A majority of seniors in TP have a disability or activity limitation ‐higher than TC LHIN and City averages

Page 12: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Thorncliffe Park has the highest ethnic concentration index score among Toronto neighbourhoods.  This indicator is made up of two indicators – proportion of the population who are recent immigrants (5yr) and proportion of the population who self‐identify as visible minority.

In 2011:• The top 3 non‐official languages spoken in TP were Urdu (20.8%), Farsi (4.0%) and Gujarati 

(3.7%). 7% of the community has no knowledge of either English or French. (2011 Stats Can NHS).

• The top 3 ethnic origins in TP were East Indian (25.9%), Pakistani (19.9%) and Filipino (7.6%).

• The top 3 visible minority groups in TP were South Asian (64.5%), West Asian (9.8%) and Filipino (7.1%)

Given high level of mobility in community and changes in immigration patterns, the make up of TP is quite dynamic.

From 2001 to 2011 there was an increase in the number of Afghani, Pakistani and East Indian immigrants, while the number of Filipino immigrants has decreased.  This has implications for health care planning and service delivery in the neighbourhood., e.g, meeting needs of Afghani’s and others from conflict regions.  The health system has not kept pace with the community’s changing needs.

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Page 13: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Health Profile ‐ highlights

Nearly 15% of TP residents had a physician visit involving mental health (MH) in 2007.  This prevalence rate for MH is higher than the prevalence of diabetes in TP.

Age‐adjusted rates are 18% higher than in the City and higher than TC LHIN. Rates of  MH in TP are the highest amongst comparator neighbourhoods for the males and females 20+ years of age and even higher comparatively for the 20‐44 age groups and among the highest for the seniors’ population. MH visits are high despite the stigma associated with mental illness and addictions in the neighbourhood. Women have more MH visits than men in all age groups. 

Engagement:  What we Heard• All ages and groups affected.

• Low awareness, under‐recognition and stigma among newcomers. Some TP residents prefer to leave community to seek help for MHA.

• Lack of early identification, coordinated care management. Some get support only when in crisis.

• No known psychiatrists, psychologists in TP. A few mental health counseling services in TP for some populations, but not generally available. Some targeted programs are effective, could be replicated.

• Key MH issues identified by residents, primary health care providers, agencies: depression, anxiety, post‐partum depression, PTSD.

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Page 14: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

• Addictions – Hidden issue. Lack of reliable information.  Anecdotally, issues include:  alcohol abuse among youth/young adults, women and prescription drugs (e.g., OxyContin), opium addiction.

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Page 15: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Health Profile – highlights

TEGH reported in consultations that women are arriving at the hospital in the thirdtrimester or at the time of birth without having received pre‐natal care. 

Given that over 90% of women in TP were foreign born and the prevalence of post‐partum depression amongst immigrant women is 41% it can be anticipated that approximately 157 women in TP could be affected by post‐partum depression at any given time.

(Collins, C.H, Zimmerman,C,Howard,L.M. Archives of Women's Mental Health (2011) 3‐11)

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Page 16: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Health care utilization – highlights

TP has higher than average hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC ) even after age adjusting for age differences.  

These are conditions that could have been previously prevented managed in the community and is a proxy measure for access to effective primary health care:• COPD• Asthma• Diabetes• Heart failure and pulmonary edema• Hypertension• Angina

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Page 17: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Health care utilization – highlights

TP has the highest total number of ALC Length of Stay (LOS) days versus comparator neighbourhoods – TP: 1381 days and next highest is North St. James Town: 1118.

Residents of TP had 15.7 ALC days per inpatient discharge in 2012.  This figure is on par with TC LHIN/Toronto but among the highest of comparator neighbourhoods (only North St. James Town is higher).

This indicates access challenges related to primary health care as well as community support services and community mental health services in the neighbourhood.

Further analysis is required to get underneath the numbers.

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Page 18: GAT presentation - April 25 - fhc-chc.com presentation... · GAT context: Primary health care is a recognized gap in Thorncliffe Park (TP) that impacts access and health outcomes

Primary Health Care ‐ highlightsThorncliffe Park has a relatively low concentration of primary health care, made up primarily of 1 large and 2 smaller walk‐in clinics and solo physicians practicing largely out of one location – East York Town Centre. 

Most residents receive episodic care from walk‐in clinics in the neighbourhood, do not have a regular primary care provider, and do not receive comprehensive, coordinated care.

Only 1 physician in TP is part of an enrollment model – Dr. Chu with the Scarborough Academic Family Health Team (FHT) and Scarborough Family Health Organization (FHO). 

A minority of residents who are attached to CHCs, FHTs, and other comprehensive practices outside of Thorncliffe Park benefit from preventative care and wrap‐around services, tailored to their needs.  

However, Flemingdon Health Centre, the nearest CHC, is operating at capacity for primary health care.  Seniors with mobility challenges and mothers/parents with young children have major barriers travelling outside of the neighbouhood to see a family physician. The Overlea bridge is traffic‐heavy and not designed for walking. In consultations, the bridges in and out of TP were identified as a barrier to seeking care outside the neighbourhood.

Primary care in TP  is often not available in the patient’s language and there is little to no access to telephone interpretation.   Some residents experience a lack of respect for their cultural needs and perceive discrimination when they seek care. 

Some newcomers are accustomed to immediate, episodic care in their home countries, are averse to waiting for basic care, and unfamiliar with value of comprehensive, interdisciplinary primary care. 

Making culturally relevant services available at other locations outside the neighbourhoods such as schools and workplaces is, however, an option for those who regularly travel outside of Thorncliffe Park. Example: SRCHC NP provides health services to adult students from TP on site at City Adult Learning Centre (Broadview and Danforth)

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Primary Health Care –highlights

Rates of cancer screening in TP are lower than average across the board – for all cancer screening types, age and sex groups. This is an indicator of poor access to preventative primary health care and referrals to organized programs.

Women and some local heath professionals who were consulted view mobile cervical screening as an effective alternative for some women in terms of convenience and access to female health professionals.

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