GAT General Analytical Section Prepration Questions

8/13/2019 GAT General Analytical Section Prepration Questions

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SECTION 1

Time C30 minutes

25 Questions

1. Six arms negotiatorsM, O, P, R, S, and Tare to be seated at a round table to discussdisarmament. There are exactly six chairs around the table.

Each negotiator sits facing the center of the table and is directly oppositea negotiator across the table. The seating arrangement is subject to thefollowing restrictions:T cannot sit next to P.S cannot sit next to M.R must sit next to M.If R sits next to S on S's right side, who must sit next to R on R's right side?A. MB. OC. PD. S

E. T

2. Which of the following is an acceptable sequence of negotiators around the table?A. M, S, R, T, P, OB. M, S, T, P, R, OC. T, O, P, S, M, RD. T, R, M, P, S, OE. T, S, R, M, O, P

3. If M sits next to P, which of the following is a complete and accurate list ofthose who can sit next to P on P's other side?

A. OB. O, SC. O, S, RD. R, S, TE. O, R, S, T

4. If T sits next to M and S sits next to R, which of the other negotiators mustsit next to S?A. MB. OC. PD. R

E. T

5. If T sits directly across the table from O, who must sit on either side of P?A. M and OB. M and SC. O and RD. O and SE. R and T


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6. Contrary to the assumption that modern technology allows us to improve on nature, it is clearthat any major technologically induced changes in a natural system are likely to be detrimental tothat system. If you were to open the back of your watch, close your eyes, and poke a pencil into theexposed works, the almost certain result would be damage to the watch.Living organisms too, when subjected to technological alteration, will almost certainly be damagedrather than improved.

The argument above is developed byA. citing a consensus of opinion about technology among informed observersB. projecting the effects of change in a natural system from observation of a representative caseC. drawing an analogy between a natural system and a mechanical deviceD. analyzing a natural system in terms of its constituent partsE. examining the results of technological innovations of the past

7. The plant called the scarlet gilia can have either red or white flowers. It had long been thoughtthat hummingbirds, which forage by day, pollinate its red flowers and that hawkmoths, which forageat night, pollinate its white flowers. To try to show that this pattern of pollination by colors exists,scientists recently covered some scarlet gilia flowers only at night and others only by day: plants

with red flowers covered at night became pollinated; plants with white flowers covered by daybecame pollinated.Which of the following, if true, would be additional evidence to suggest thathummingbirds are attracted to the red flowers and hwkmoths to the white flowers f the scarlet gilia?

A. Uncovered scarlet gilia flowers, whether red or white, became pollinated atapproximately equal rates.B. Some red flowers of the scarlet gilia that remained uncovered at all timesnever became pollinated.C. White flowers of the scarlet gilia that were covered at night became pollinatedwith greater frequency than white flowers of the scarlet gilia that were leftuncovered.

D. Scarlet gilia plants with red flowers covered by day and scarlet gilia plantswith white flowers covered at night remained unpollinated.E. In late August, when most of the hummingbirds had migrated but hawkmothswere still plentiful, red scarlet gilia plants produced fruit more frequentlythan they had earlier in the season.

8.

The chief executive officer of one of the country's most successful steelmanufacturing firms is amused at the publicity her management practices haveattracted. She thinks managers get too much of the credit for upswings intheir businesses. "A fickle public assumes too easily that managers are

brilliant when demand is strong and idiotic when it is weak," she asserts.It can be inferred from the statement made by the chief executive officer thatshe believes which of the following?

A. A successful manager should attempt to control public opinion.B. There are no managers who can justifiably be said to be brilliant.C. Her own management practices are likely to be of little value to other businesses.


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D. The role of managers becomes less important during economic downturns than it is in relatively prosperous times.E. The level of demand for the products of manufacturing firms cannot be completely controlled by the managers of the firms.

9. Exactly six detectivesS, T, U, X, Y, and Ztake turns watching a suspect.To minimize the chance that the suspect will observe them or will escape theirsurveillance, the detectives will operate according to the following conditions:There must be exactly two detectives watching the suspect at all times.Whenever the suspect travels by car, either U or X must be one of the twodetectives watching, but U and X cannot take a turn together.Whenever the suspect travels by train, either T or Z must be one of the twodetectives watching, but T and Z cannot take a turn together.If Z is one of the detectives watching the suspect, S must be the otherdetective watching the suspect.

S and X cannot take a turn together watching the suspect.If the suspect is traveling by car, which of the following is a pair ofdetectives who could be watching?A. S and TB. S and XC. T and YD. U and XE. U and Y

10. If the suspect travels by train and T is not on the of the detectiveswatching, the pair watching must beA. S and Y

B. S and ZC. U and ZD. X and YE. X and Z

11. If Y is one of the detectives watching the suspect, which of the followingCANNOT be the other detective watching the suspect?A SB TC UD XE Z

12. If the suspect travels by car and S is one of the detective watching, theother detective watching the suspect must beA TB UC XD YE Z


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13. If a pair of detectives was watching while the suspect traveled by car, andthe same pair of detectives continued watching after the suspect began to travelby train, one member of that pair of detectives must have beenA TB UC X

D YE Z

14. A hospital administrator is assigning five patientsN, P, T, V, and Xtothree rooms. Each room has two single beds for patients. The assignment is subjectto the following restrictions:Patients sharing a room must be of the same sex.A patient with disease G cannot share a room with a patient who has an infection.Patients V and X have disease G and no infection.Patient N has an infection.Patients P and T each have a broken leg and no other illness or disability.

Patients N, T, and X are male, and patients P and V are female.If N shares a room with T, which of the following is true?A None of the patients shares a room with any patient with disease G.B None of the patients shares a room with X.C None of the patients shares a room with any patient with a broken leg.D A patient with a broken leg shares a room with X.E A patient with disease G shares a room with X.

15. If a sixty patient is assigned to the remaining bed, it must be true that thesixth patientA is maleB is female or, if male, does not have an infection

C has a broken legD does not have an infectionE has disease

16. If Z, a male patient with disease G and no infection, is a newly admittedsixth patient who is also to be assigned to one of the three rooms, Z mustshare a room withA NB PC TD VE X

17. During its manufacture any widget enters an assembly line having exactlyseven consecutively numbered work stations (1 through 7). Each station isoperated by either one human worker or by one robot. Exactly three of theoperatorsK, L, and Mare human workers. Exactly two of the operatorsR-1and R-2are robots, and each of the robots operates exactly two consecutivelynumbered stations.An entering widget arrives first at station 1 and is subsequently movedthrough stations 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, in that order. However, if at any


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station a flaw is detected in a widget, that widget is removed from theassembly line at the station where the flaw is detected. A flaw in a widgetcan occur anywhere on the assembly line, and a flaw can be detected at anystation operated by a human worker, with the exception that flaws in widgetscannot be detected at station 1. A widget enters an assembly line on oneoccasion only.

Although only human operators can detect flaws in widgets, they do notnecessarily detect every flaw.Which of the following is a possible set of assignments of operators to stations?Station Number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7A R-2 R-2 L K M R-1 R-1 B R-1 R-2 M R-1 R-2 K LC M R-1 R-1 K R-2 L R-2D L M R-2 R-1 R-2 R-1 KE K L R-1 R-1 R-2 M L

18. If K is assigned to station 7 and L is assigned to station 4, which of

the following must be true?A K but not L could detect a flaw in a widget on the assembly line.B M is assigned to either station 1 or 3.C R-1 is assigned to either station 3 or 5.D R-2 is assigned to stations 5 and 6.E A flaw in a widget that is created at station 3 could be detected at

station 6.

19. If R-2 causes a flaw in a widget at station 4, and the flaw is detectedand the flawed widget is removed from the assembly line at station 6, L couldoperate any one of the following stations EXCEPTA 1

B 2C 3D 5E 7

20. If M operates station 6, which of the following must be true?A K operates either station 1 or 7.B L operates either station 3 or 5.C Either K or L operates an even-numbered station.D K and L operate stations that are immediately adjacent to each other.E L operates an odd-numbered station.

21. If R-1 operates station 3 and K is the only operator on the assembly linewho is in a position to detect flaws in widgets that are created by R-1, whichof the following must be true?A K operates station 4.B K operates station 5.C L operates station 1.D R-1 operates station 4.E R-2 operates station 5.


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22. Under an additional rule stipulating that R-1 must operate station 3 or 4but cannot operate both, and that R-2 must operate station 5 or 6 but cannotoperate both, any of the following would be possible robot assignments EXCEPT:A R-1 is assigned to station 2, and R-2 is assigned to station 4.B R-1 is assigned to station 3, and R-2 is assigned to station 5.C R-1 is assigned to station 3, and R-2 is assigned to station 6.

D R-1 is assigned to station 4, and R-2 is assigned to station 5.E R-1 is assigned to station 5, and R-2 is assigned to station 6.

23. To many environmentalists, the extinction of plantsaccompanied by theincreasing genetic uniformity of species of food crops is the single mostserious environmental problem. Something must be done to prevent the loss ofwild food plants or no longer- cultivated food plants. Otherwise, the lack ofgenetic diversity could allow a significant portion of a major crop to bedestroyed overnight. In 1970, for example, southern leaf blight destroyedapproximately 20 percent of the United States corn crop, leaving very fewvarieties of corn unaffected in the areas over which the disease had spread.

Which of the following can be inferred fromthe passage above?

A Susceptibility to certain plant diseases is genetically determined.BEighty percent of the corn grown in the United States is resistant to

southern leaf blight.C The extinction of wild food plants can in almost every case be traced to

destructive plant diseases.D Plant breeders focus on developing plants that are resistant to plant disease.E Corn is the only food crop threatened by southern leaf blight.

24. Many pregnant women suffer from vitamin deficiency, but this is frequentlynot due to vitamin deficiency in their diets; most often it is because they

have higher requirements for vitamins than do the rest of the population.The best criticism of the reasoning in the statement above is that it

A fails to specify the percentage of pregnant women who suffer from vitamindeficiencyB gives insufficient information about why pregnant women have higher vitamin

requirements than do other groupsC fails to employ the same reference group for both uses of the term "vitamin

deficiency"D provides insufficient information about the incidence of vitamin deficiency

in other groups with high vitamin requirements

E uses "higher requirements" in an ambiguous manner

25. Whenever the sun is shining and the windchill factor is below zero, Susanwears her parka. Whenever it is raining and the windchill factor is abovezero, Susan wears her raincoat. Sometimes it rains when the sun is shining.If the above statements are true, which of the following must also be true?

A If it is not raining and Susan is wearing her parka, the sun is shining.


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B If the windchill factor is below zero and Susan is not wearing her parka,the sun is not shining.C If the windchill factor is below zero and it is not raining, Susan is wearingher parka.D If the windchill factor is below zero and it is raining, Susan is wearingher raincoat.

E If it rains while the sun is shining and the windchill factor is zero, Susanwears her parka.

Section 2Time: 30 minutesQuestions: 38

1. Despite the apparently bewildering complexityof this procedure, the underlying----is quite----.

A simplicity.. calculatedB principle.. elementary

C confusion.. imaginaryD purpose.. effectiveE theory.. modern

2. In television programming, a later viewing time often----a more---- audience and, therefore, morechallenging subjects and themes.

A requires.. criticalB evinces.. affluentC implies.. mature

D eliminates.. realisticE invites.. general

3. The cultivation of the emotion of natsukashii,interpretable as "pleasant sorrow," bringsJapanese to Kyoto in the spring, not to----thecherry blossoms in full bloom but to----thefading, falling flowers.

A mourn.. exclaim over

B honor.. protectC describe.. rejoice overD arrange.. preserveE savor.. grieve over

4. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) is stillworth reading, more to appreciate the current----of Smith's valid contributions to economicsthan to see those contributions as the ----of


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present-day economics.

A disregard.. outgrowthsB reaffirmation.. concernsC relevance.. precursorsD acceptance.. byproducts

E importance.. vestiges

5. At several points in his discussion, Graves, ineffect, ----evidence when it does not support hisargument, tailoring it to his needs.

A addressesB createsC altersD suppressesE substitutes

6. Regardless of what----theories of politics maypropound, there is nothing that requires dailypolitics to be clear, thorough, and consistentnothing, that is, that requires reality to conformto theory.

A vagueB assertiveC casualD viciousE tidy

7. Exposure to sustained noise has been claimedto----blood pressure regulation in human beingsand, particularly, to increase hypertension, eventhough some researchers have obtainedinconclusive results that----the relationship.

A sharpen.. conflateB increase.. diminishC aggravate.. buttressD disrupt.. neutralizeE impair.. obscure

8. SOLDIER: ARMY::

A gas: vaporB music: harmonyC ruler: heightD negative: exposureE element: compound

9. SLUR: SPEECH::


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A erase: drawingB smudge: writingC confuse: puzzleD crumble: constructionE decrease: volume

10. LOCOMOTIVE: FLATCAR::

A bus: passengerB airplane: cargoC bicycle: frameD tugboat: bargeE automobile: chassis

11. TRICKLE: GUSH::

A breathe: exhale

B amble: moveC stain: blotchD warm: searE teach: educate

12. CHARADE: WORD::

A symbol: algebraB joke: riddleC sign: directionD mime: storyE lie: truth

13. EPAULET: SHOULDER::

A ring: fingerB tassel: wristC cravat: waistD sash: neckE poncho: arm

14. VERNACULAR: PLACE::

A landmark: tradition

B code: solutionC fingerprint: identityD symptom: diseaseE jargon: profession

15. HEAT: CALORIES::

A liquid: gallonsB exercise: energy


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C steam: pressureD lamp: wattsE thermometer: degrees

16. MARTIAL: MILITARY::

A basic: simplisticB classic: musicalC cosmic: planetaryD runic: mysteriousE endemic: patriotic

17. Eight percent of the Earth's crustis aluminum, and there are hundreds ofaluminum-bearing minerals and vastquantities of the rocks that contain(5) them. The best aluminum ore is bauxite,

defined as aggregates of aluminous

minerals, more or less impure, in whichaluminum is present as hydrated oxides.Bauxite is the richest of all those(10) aluminous rocks that occur in largequantities, and it yields alumina, theintermediate product required for theproduction of aluminum. Alumina alsooccurs naturally as the mineral(15) corundum, but corundum is not foundin large deposits of high purity,andtherefore it is an impractical sourcefor making aluminum. Most of the many

abundant nonbauxite aluminous minerals(20) are silicates, and, like all silicateminerals, they are refractory, resistantto analysis, and extremely difficult toprocess. The aluminum silicates aretherefore generally unsuitable(25) alternatives to bauxite becauseconsiderably more energy is requiredto extract alumina from them.

The author implies that a mineralmust either be or readily supply which

of the following in order to beclassified as an aluminum ore?A An aggregateB BauxiteC AluminaDCorundumE An aluminum silicate

18. The passage supplies information for


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answering all of the following questionsregarding aluminous minerals EXCEPT:What percentage of the aluminum in

the Earth's crust is in the form ofbauxite?A Are aluminum-bearing nonbauxite

minerals plentiful?B Do the aluminous minerals found

in bauxite contain hydrated oxides?C Are aluminous hydrated oxides

found in rocks?D Do large quantities of bauxite

exist?

19. The author implies that corundumwould be used to produce aluminum ifA corundum could be found that isnot contaminated by silicates

B the production of alumina couldbe eliminated as an intermediate stepin manufacturing aluminumC many large deposits of very high

quality corundum were to be discoveredD new technologies were to make it

possible to convert corundum to a silicateE manufacturers were to realize that the

world's supply of bauxite is not unlimited

20. Traditionally, the study of historyhas had fixed boundaries and focal

pointsperiods, countries, dramaticevents, and great leaders. It also has(5) had clear and firm notions of scholarly

procedure: how one inquires into ahistorical problem, how one presentsand documents one's findings, whatconstitutes admissible and adequate(10) proof.Anyone who has followed recenthistorical literature can testify tothe revolution that is taking placein historical studies. The currently

(15) fashionable subjects come directlyfrom the sociology catalog: childhood,work, leisure. The new subjects areaccompanied by new methods. Wherehistory once was primarily narrative,(20) it is now entirely analytic. The oldquestions "What happened?" and "Howdid it happen?" have given way to thequestion "Why did it happen?" Prominent


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among the methods used to answer the(25) question "Why" is psychoanalysis, andits use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely usepsychological explanations in historicalcontexts. Historians have always used

(30) such explanations when they wereappropriate and when there was sufficientevidence for them. But this pragmatic useof psychology is not what psychohisto-rians intend. They are committed, not just(35) to psychology in general, but to Freudianpsychoanalysis. This commitmentprecludes a commitment to history ashistorians have always understood it.Psychohistory derives its "facts" not(40) from history, the detailed records ofevents and their consequences, but from

psychoanalysis of the individuals whomade history, and deduces its theoriesnot from this or that instance in their(45) lives, but from a view of human naturethat transcends history. It denies thebasic criterion of historical evidence:that evidence be publicly accessibleto, and therefore assessable by, all(50) historians. And it violates the basictenet of historical method: thathistorians be alert to the negativeinstances that would refute their

theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of(55) the absolute rightness of their owntheories, are also convinced that theirsis the "deepest" explanation of anyevent, that other explanations fallshort of the truth.(60) Psychohistory is not content toviolate the discipline of history (inthe sense of the proper mode of studyingand writing about the past); it alsoviolates the past itself. It denies to(65) the past an integrity and will of its

own, in which people acted out of avariety of motives and in which eventshad a multiplicity of causes and effects.It imposes upon the past the same(70) determinism that it imposes upon thepresent, thus robbing people and eventsof their individuality and of theircomplexity. Instead of respecting theparticularity of the past, it assimilates


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(75) all events, past and present, into asingle deterministic schema that ispresumed to be true at all times andin all circumstances.

Which of the following best states

the main point of the passage?A The approach of psychohistorians tohistorical study is currently in vogueeven though it lacks the rigor andverifiability of traditional historicalmethod.B Traditional historians can benefit

from studying the techniques and findingsof psychohistorians.C Areas of sociological study such as

childhood and work are of little interestto traditional historians.

D The psychological assessment of anindividual's behavior and attitudes ismore informative than the details of hisor her daily life.E History is composed of unique and

nonrepeating events that must beindividually analyzed on the basis ofpublicly verifiable evidence.

21. It can be inferred from the passagethat one way in which traditional historycan be distinguished from psychohistory

is that traditional history usualA views past events as complex andhaving their own individualityB relies on a single interpretation

of human behavior to explain historicaleventsC interprets historical events in such

a way that their specific nature istranscendedD turns to psychological explanations

in historical contexts to account forevents

E relies strictly on data that areconcrete and quantifiable

22.

It can be inferred from the passage thatthe methods used by psychohistoriansprobably prevent them fromA presenting their material in


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chronological orderB producing a one-sided picture of an

individual's personality and motivationsC uncovering alternative explanations

that might cause them to question theirown conclusions

D offering a consistent interpretationof the impact of personality on historicaleventsE recognizing connections between a

government's political actions and theaspirations of government leaders

23.The passage supplies information foranswering which of the following questions?A What are some specific examples ofthe use of psychohistory in historical

interpretation?B When were the conventions governing

the practice of traditional history firstestablished?C When do traditional historians consider

psychological explanations of historicaldevelopments appropriate?D What sort of historical figure is best

suited for psychohistorical analysis?E What is the basic criterion of historical

evidence required by traditional historians?

24. The author mentions which of thefollowing as a characteristic of thepractice of psychohistorians?A The lives of historical figures arepresented in episodic rather than narrativeform.B Archives used by psychohistorians togather material are not accessible to otherscholars.C Past and current events are all placedwithin the same deterministic schema.D Events in the adult life of a historical

figure are seen to be more consequentialthan are those in the childhood of thefigure.E Analysis is focused on group behaviorrather than on particular events in anindividual's life.

25.The author of the passage suggests that


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psychohistorians view history primarily asA a report of events, causes, and effectsthat is generally accepted by historiansbut which is, for the most part, unverifiableB an episodic account that lacks cohesionbecause records of the role of childhood,

work, and leisure in the lives of historicalfigures are rareC an uncharted sea of seeminglyunexplainable events that have meaningonly when examined as discrete unitsD a record of the way in which a closedset of immutable psychological laws seemsto have shaped eventsE a proof of the existence of intricatecausal interrelationships between past andpresent events

26. The author of the passage puts the word"deepest" (line 57) in quotation marks mostprobably in order toA signal her reservations about theaccuracy of psychohistorians' claims fortheir workB draw attention to a contradiction inthe psychohistorians' methodC emphasize the major difference betweenthe traditional historians' method and thatof psychohistoriansD disassociate her opinion of the

psychohistorians' claims from her opinionof their methodE question the usefulness ofpsychohistorians' insights intotraditional historical scholarship

27. In presenting her analysis, the authordoes all of the following EXCEPT:A Make general statement without referenceto specific examples.B Describe some of the criteria employedby traditional historians.

C Question the adequacy of thepsychohistorians' interpretation of events.D Point out inconsistencies in thepsychohistorians' application of theirmethods.E Contrast the underlying assumptions ofpsychohistorians with those of traditionalhistorians.


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28.

GROUP:

A restrainB isolate

C confoundD abandonE reveal

29.

IMMEDIATE:

A complexB limitedC futureD multiple

E tiring

30.

PERSEVERANCE:

A obvious sufferingB abnormal tranquillityC lack of promptnessD cessation of effortE frequency of occurrence

31.

OFF-KEY:

A with sensitive phrasingB with a suitable instrumentC at the right volumeD at a regular beatE at the proper pitch

32.

BOLSTER:

A cancelB disconnectC deleteD decrease support ofE lose faith in

33.


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D nonchalanceE trustworthiness


1.After a slow sales start early in the year, mobilehomes have been gaining favor as----toincreasingly expensive conventional housing.

A reactionB an additionC an introductionD an alternativeE a challenge

2.Just as such apparently basic things as rocks,clouds, and clams are, in fact, intricatelystructured entities, so the self, too, is not an"elementary particle," but is ----construction.

A a complicatedB a convolutedC a distortedD an amorphousE an illusory

3.Considering how long she had yearned to seeItaly, her first reaction was curiously----.

A meditativeB tepidC categoricalD unoriginalE insightful

4.The successful----of an archaeological site

requires scientific knowledge as well ascultural----.

A evolution.. awarenessB revelation.. depthC reconstruction.. sensitivityD analysis.. aestheticsE synthesis.. understanding


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5. As painted by Constable, the scene is not one ofbucolic----; rather it shows a striking emotionaland intellectual----.

A intensity.. boredomB complacence.. detachment

C serenity.. tensionD vitality.. excitementE nostalgia.. placidity

6.Our times seem especially ----to bad ideas,probably because in throwing off the shacklesof tradition, we have ended up being quite----untested theories and untried remedies.

A impervious.. tolerant ofB hostile.. dependent on

C hospitable.. vulnerable toD prone.. wary ofE indifferent.. devoid of

7. Although he attempted repeatedly to----her ofher conviction of his insincerity, he was notsuccessful; she remained----in her judgment.

A remind.. forcefulB convince.. unfeigned

C exorcise.. indulgentD disabuse.. adamantE free.. unsure

8.

DERMATOLOGIST: SKIN::

A dentist: organsB optometrist: nervesC oncologist: jointsD cardiologist: bones

E podiatrist: feet

9.UNDERSTUDY: STAR::

A patient: surgeonB deputy: sheriffC secretary: executiveD clerk: judge


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E groom: jockey

10.

SUSPICIOUS: PARANOID::

A envious: proudB admiring: idolatrousC joyous: virtuousD furtive: forthrightE vicious: deceptive

11.GREENHOUSE: PLANT::

A refrigerator: milkB well: waterC orchard: fruit

D incubator: infantE tank: fuel

12.ANACHRONISTIC: TIME::

A discordant: soundB dilapidated: constructionC disreputable: personalityD contagious: illnessE nauseating: odor

13.

RIVER: GORGE::

A glacier: iceB rain: cloudC wind: duneD delta: swampE lava: island

14.

STIPPLE: DOT::

A striate: bandB camouflage: targetC inscribe: drawingD freckle: faceE wrinkle: angle

15.


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GOURMAND: APPETITE::

A pedant: simplicityB skinflint: thriftC prodigal: energy

D daredevil: strengthE egotist: honesty

16.ROYALTY: PAYMENT::

A manuscript: pageB gratuity: checkC dividend: debtD subpoena: writE client: fee

17.

Jean Wagner's most enduringcontribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence thatit be analyzed in a religious, as well(5) as secular, frame of reference. The

appropriateness of such an approachmay seem self- evident for a traditioncommencing with spirituals and owing itsearly forms, rhythms, vocabulary, and

(10) evangelical fervor to Wesleyan hymnals.But before Wagner a secular outlook thatanalyzed Black poetry solely within thecontext of political and social protestwas dominant in the field.(15) It is Wagner who first demonstratedthe essential fusion of racial andreligious feeling in Afro-Americanpoetry. The two, he argued, form asymbiotic union in which religious(20) feelings are often applied to racialissues and racial problems are often

projected onto a metaphysical plane.Wagner found this most eloquentlyillustrated in the Black spiritual,(25) where the desire for freedom in thisworld and the hope for salvation inthe next are inextricably intertwined.

The primary purpose of the passageis to


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A contrast the theories of Jean Wagnerwith those of other contemporary criticsB document the influence of Jean Wagneron the development of Afro-American poetryC explain the relevance of Jean Wagner'swork to the study of Afro-American

religionD indicate the importance of Jean Wagner'sanalysis of Afro-American poetryE present the contributions of Jean Wagnerto the study of Black spirituals

18.

All of the following aspects of Afro-American poetry are referred to in thepassage as having been influenced byWesleyan hymnals EXCEPT

A subject matterB word choiceC rhythmD structureE tone

19.It can be inferred from the passagethat, before Wagner, most students ofAfro-American poetry did which of thefollowing?A Contributed appreciably to the transfer

of political protest from Afro-Americanpoetry to direct political action.B Ignored at least some of the historicalroots of Afro-American poetry.C Analyzed fully the aspects of socialprotest to be found in such traditionalforms of Afro-American poetry as the Blackspiritual.D Regarded as unimportant the developmentof fervent emotionalism in a portion ofAfro-American poetry.E Concentrated on the complex relations

between the technical elements in Afro-American poetry and its political content.

20.

Two relatively recent independentdevelopments stand behind the currentmajor research effort on nitrogenfixation, the process by which bacteria


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(5) symbiotically render leguminous plantsindependent of nitrogen fertilizer. Theone development has been the rapid,sustained increase in the price ofnitrogen fertilizer. The other(10) development has been the rapid growth

of knowledge of and technicalsophistication in genetic engineering.Fertilizer prices, largely tied to theprice of natural gas, huge amounts of(15) which go into the manufacture offertilizer, will continue to representan enormous and escalating economicburden on modern agriculture, spurringthe search for alternatives to synthetic(20) fertilizers. And genetic engineering isjust the sort of fundamental breakthroughthat opens up prospects of wholly novel

alternatives. One such novel idea isthat of inserting into the chromosomes(25) of plants discrete genes that are nota part of the plants' natural constitution:specifically, the idea of inserting intononleguminous plants the genes, if theycan be identified and isolated, that fit(30) the leguminous plants to be hosts fornitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, theintensified research on legumes.Nitrogen fixation is a process inwhich certain bacteria use atmospheric

(35) nitrogen gas, which green plants cannotdirectly utilize, to produce ammonia, anitrogen compound plants can use. It isone of nature's great ironies that theavailability of nitrogen in the soil(40) frequently sets an upper limit on plantgrowth even though the plants' leavesare bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas. Theleguminous plantsamong them cropplants such as soybeans, peas, alfalfa,(45) and cloverhave solved the nitrogensupply problem by entering into a

symbiotic relationship with thebacterial genus Rhizobium; as a matterof fact, there is a specific strain of(50) Rhizobium for each species of legume.The host plant supplies the bacteriawith food and a protected habitat andreceives surplus ammonia in exchange.Hence, legumes can thrive in nitrogen-(55) depleted soil.


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D peasE soybeans

22.The passage implies that which ofthe following is true of the bacterial

genus Rhizobium?A Rhizobium bacteria are found primarilyin nitrogen-depleted soils.B Some strains of Rhizobium are notcapable of entering into a symbiosis withany plant.C Newly bred varieties of legumes cannotbe hosts to any strain of Rhizobium.D Rhizobium bacteria cannot surviveoutside the protected habitat providedby host plants.E Rhizobium bacteria produce some ammonia

for their own purposes.

23.It can be inferred from the passage thatwhich of the following was the mostinfluential factor in bringing aboutintensified research on nitrogen fixation?A The high yields of the Green RevolutionB The persistent upward surge in naturalgas pricesC The variety of Rhizobium strainsD The mechanization of modern agriculture

E The environmental ill effects ofsynthetic fertilizers

24.

Which of the following situations ismost closely analogous to the situationdescribed by the author as one of nature'sgreat ironies (lines 37-42)?A That of a farmer whose crops havefailed because the normal midseason rainsdid not materialize and no preparations

for irrigation had been madeB That of a long-distance runner wholoses a marathon race because of a wrongturn that cost him twenty secondsC That of shipwrecked sailors at seain a lifeboat, with one flask of drinkingwater to share among themD That of a motorist who runs out of gasa mere five miles from the nearest gas


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stationE That of travelers who want to reachtheir destination as fast and as cheaplyas possible, but find that cost increasesas travel speed increases

25.According to the passage, the ultimategoal of the current research on nitrogenfixation is to developA strains of Rhizobium that can enterinto symbioses with existing varieties ofwheat, rice, and other nonlegnumesB strains of Rhizobium that produce moreammonia for leguminous host plants thando any of the strains presently knownC varieties of wheat, rice, and othernonlegumes that yield as much as do

existing varieties, but require lessnitrogenD varieties of wheat, rice, and othernonlegumes that maintain an adequatesymbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixingbacteria and produce high yieldsE high-yielding varieties of wheat, rice,and other nonlegumes that are geneticallyequipped to fix nitrogen from the airwithout the aid of bacteria

26.

The author regards the research programunder discussion asA original and extensive but ill-definedas to methodB necessary and ambitious but vulnerableto failureC cogent and worthwhile but severelyunder-fundedD prohibitively expensive but conceptuallyelegantE theoretically fascinating but practicallyuseless

27.Most nearly parallel, in its fundamentalapproach, to the research program describedin the passage would be a program designed toA achieve greater frost resistance in frost-tender food plants by means of selectivebreeding, thereby expanding those plants'area of cultivation


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B achieve greater yields from food plantsby interplanting crop plants that are mutuallybeneficialC find inexpensive and abundant naturalsubstances that could, without reducingyields, be substituted for expensive

synthetic fertilizersD change the genetic makeup of food plantsthat cannot live in water with high salinity,using genes from plants adapted to saltwaterE develop, through genetic engineering,a genetic configuration for the majorfood plants that improves the storagecharacteristics of the edible portion ofthe plants

28.

EXTINGUISH:

A smolderB defuseC scorchD igniteE explode

29.DWINDLE:

A acceptB esteemC exaggerateD combineE increase

30.

UNEARTH:

A conformB conceal

C respectD blendE plot

31.

TESTINESS:

A devotion


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B patienceC methodicalnessD cautionE discretion

32.

PRECARIOUS:

A cleverB recentC anxiousD clearly intendedE firmly grounded

33.FETID:

A luminousB denseC having a pleasant smellD having a balanced structureE unable to be imitated

34.

PREJUDICED:

A straightforwardB unmoved

C disinterestedD sentimentalE even-tempered

35.

TRAVESTY:

A intentional slightB light burdenC good rapportD assertion

E paragon

36.

PROSCRIBE:

A predictB sanctionC reciprocate


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D delineateE codify

37.

TRUCULENT:

A gentleB dimC daintyD silentE pure

38.

IMPROBITY:

A success

B honestyC paucityD likelihoodE presumption


1. In an office, each of the nine employeesP, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, and Xisto be assigned his or her own mailbox. The boxes, which are all the same size,

are arranged in three rows of three boxes each with each box directly aboveand/or below another box. The boxes are numbered from left to right1 to 3in the top row, 4 to 6 in the middle row, and 7 to 9 in the bottom row. Theassignments are subject to the following restrictions:P is to be assigned box 5.Q is to be assigned the box directly above T's box.R is to be assigned a box in the bottom row.U is to be assigned the box directly to the left of V's box.X is to be assigned the box directly above P's box.X must be assigned boxA 1

B 2C 3D 4E 5

2.Which of the following groups of three people could be assigned boxes 4, 5,and 6, respectively?A P, V, and T


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B Q, P, and SC S, P, and TD T, Q, and PE U, P, and T

3.

If W is to be assigned box 6, Q must be assigned boxA 1B 2C 3D 4E 5

4.Which of the following could be the box assigned to V?A 4B 5C 6

D 7E 8

5.

Which of the following must be assigned a box in the middle row?A QB RC TD UE X

6.

If S is to be assigned box 3, W must be assigned boxA 2B 3C 4D 5E 6

7.

Which of the following could be assigned the box directly above R's box?

A PB QC SD UE V

8.

According to a newspaper article, a customs inspector believed that he could


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always tell if people were trying to deceive him. He based this belief on thefact that, in ten years of experience, in cases where he suspected that atourist was carrying contraband, he was always right. Careful inspections ofthe luggage and persons of the suspects always turned up the contraband goods.Which of the following points up a logical flaw in the inspector's reasoning?

A The tourists who passed through the inspector's checkpoint could have knownthat they might be searched.B Only a small percentage of the tourists passing through the inspector'scheckpoint could be expected to be intentionally carrying contraband.C Other customs inspectors at the same checkpoint caught tourists carryingcontraband just as often as this inspector did.D Some tourists whom the inspector decided not to search could have knowinglycarried contraband.E Some tourists who passed through the checkpoint without being searched couldhave been carrying contraband unwittingly.

9.In any negotiations between a party with limited aims and an opposing partywith unlimited aims, the party with limited aims is bound to lose. This is sobecause the scope of a negotiating party's aims determines the energy andthe perseverance that will be brought to the negotiations by that party.Which of the following is an assumption implicit in the passage above?

A The intensity with which parties conduct negotiations affects the outcome of those negotiations.B Negotiations almost always pit against one another parties whose aims differin scope.

C The outcome of negotiations cannot be correctly predicted in advance.D A negotiator who has exceptionally high aims needs exceptional perseverancein order to avoid losing.E Negotiating parties are typically not aware of the scope of each other's aimsuntil the outcome is no longer in doubt.

9.In a recent study, sedentary middle-aged men who drink more than two cupsof coffee a day were found more likely than other sedentary middle-aged mento have a high blood level of cholesterol, which is a factor increasing risk ofheart disease. Cholesterol can reach the blood from food and drink but is notcontained in coffee.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens a conclusion from thestudy that for sedentary middle-aged men coffee increases the risk of heartattack?

A A sedentary style of life increases levels of cholesterol in the blood.B Coffee contains caffeine, which acts as a stimulant that increases heart rate.C The men studied drank their coffee without milk or cream, which containcholesterol.


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D In both groups, the men were likely to be overweight, and excess weight is afactor that increases risk of heart disease.E The men who drank more than two cups of coffee a day also ate more foods highin cholesterol.

10.

A gallery owner is preparing to exhibit examples of an artist's painting andsculpture. The artist has submitted one large sculpture, one small sculpture, twolarge paintings, and three small paintings. The gallery owner plans to show atleast three, but no more than five, works selected according to the followingconditions:At least one sculpture must be selected.At least one large work must be selected.The three large works cannot all be selected.The four small works cannot all be selected.If the small sculpture is selected, at least one small painting must also be selected.Which of the following could be a complete selection for the exhibit?

A Three small paintingsB The two large paintings and two small paintingsC The small sculpture and two small paintingsD The small sculpture, a large painting, and two small paintingsE The large sculpture, the two large paintings, and one small painting

12.If the only sculpture selected for the exhibit is the large sculpture, whichof the following must be true?A Exactly three additional works are selected.B The additional works selected are all small paintings.C One of the large paintings is selected along with exactly three small paintings.

D Either two or more small paintings are selected, or one large painting andat least one small painting are selected.E Either two small paintings and one of the large paintings are selected, orexactly three small paintings are selected.

13.

If five works are selected for the exhibit, which of the following must betrue?A Exactly two of the works selected are large.B Exactly three small paintings are selected.C Exactly four of the works selected are small.

D Both sculptures are selected.E Only one of the two large paintings is selected.

14.If three small paintings are selected for the exhibit, which of the followingmust also be selected?A The small sculptureB The large sculptureC One large painting


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D One large painting and the large sculptureE One large painting and the small sculpture

15.If the small sculpture and one of the large paintings are selected, anacceptable exhibit can be made by the addition of each of the following

selections EXCEPTA one small paintingB two small paintingsC the other large paintingD the other large painting and one small paintingE the other large painting and two small paintings

16.If both sculptures are selected, an acceptable exhibit can be made by theaddition of each of the following selections EXCEPTA one small paintingB two small paintings

C three small paintingsD one large painting and one small paintingE one large painting and two small paintings

17.K, L, M, N, O, and P were the finalists in a spelling bee. There were exactlytwenty words to be spelled. Each of the contestants attempted to spell all twentywords. For each of the twenty words a contestant spelled correctly, the contestantobtained one point. For each word a contestant spelled incorrectly, one point wasdeducted from the contestant's score. (It was thus possible for a contestant tohave a negative final score.)

No two contestants obtained the same final score.K obtained a higher score than L did and a lower score than M did.N obtained a higher score than M did.P obtained a higher score than K did and a lower score than O did.Which of the following must be the contestant with the lowest final score?A KB LC MD OE P

18.

If N had a lower final score than P did, which of the following must havehad the next-to-the-highest final score?A KB MC ND OE P

19.


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The exact order of the six contestants in the final-score standings could bedetermined if which of the following were known to be true?A M had a higher final score than O did.B M had a higher final score than P did.C N had a higher final score than P did.D O had a higher final score than M did.

E O had a higher final score than N did.

20.

If none of the contestants spelled the two hardest words correctly, thehighest final score that any contestant could have obtained isA 18B 17C 16D 15E 14

21.If the contestant with the next-to-lowest score had a final score of zero,the lowest final score that could have been the winning score wasA 14B 12C 10D 8E 6

22.

If each of the contestants spelled the first fifteen words correctly, andif O finished immediately ahead of M in the final-score standings, which of thefollowing must be the contestant whose final score was sixteen?A KB MC ND OE P

23.

A package is never accepted for delivery by the delivery service unless it

is within the established size limits. All packages accepted for delivery bythe delivery service have a return address.If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

A The delivery service charges more for heavier packages than for lighterpackages.B The delivery service will always accept for delivery a package that iswithin the established size limits.


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C If a package is within the established size limits and has a return address,it will be accepted for delivery by the delivery service no matter how heavythe package is.D A package that is not within the established size limits but has a returnaddress is never accepted for delivery by the delivery service.E The delivery service does not charge for packages that must be returned to

the sender.

24.The pattern of scientific grants awarded by foundations is changing as thenumber of worthy requests grows in the face of cuts in federal spending. Manyfoundations, formerly willing to fund innovative but risky projects, havebegun to support relatively conservative projects only.From the passage above it can be most reasonably concluded that which of thefollowing was true when the passage was written, as compared to preceding years?

A Foundations were being forced to recognize that they could be more

effective by granting smaller amounts of money to a greater number ofprojects.B The decision-makers at foundations tended to be more politically conservative.C Foundations had less money available to support worthwhile projects becauseof the rising costs of other activities.D Foundations were increasingly allowing decisions about which projects tofund to be based on a reluctance to see projects they supported fail.E Those programs that were more innovative than the ones funded by foundationswere supported by the limited federal funds that were still available.

25.The Wheat Farmers Alliance, a political action committee, attracts 70

percent of its contributors from an advertisement requesting contributionsplaced only in the September, October, and November issues of the GrangeReport, a monthly newsletter for wheat farmers. The president of the WheatFarmers Alliance, to increase the number of contributors, decides to advertisein each of the monthly issues of the Grange Report. She expects that, as aresult of the additional Grange Report advertisements, the number ofcontributors will be increased to at least double the present number.Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the president'sexpectation?

A The September, October, and November advertisements were noticed by fewer

than one-third of those readers of the Grange Report who would be willing tocontribute to the Wheat Farmers Alliance.B Wheat farmers traditionally repay their bank loans in late summer after thewinter wheat crop has been harvested and sold.C The majority of the readers of the Grange Report with a great enough interestin the Wheat Farmers Alliance to contribute have already responded to theadvertisements.D Most of those who contribute to the Wheat Farmers Alliance in the course of ayear do so in response to advertisements in the Grange Report.


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E The total number of readers of the Grange Report is stable from year to year.

Documents

GAT General Analytical Section Prepration Questions