Gas Turbine Fundamentals

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GAS TURBINE

INTRODUCTION

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

TYPES OF GAS TURBINE

FACTORS INFLUENCING GAS TURBINE SELECTION

INDUSTRY STANDARDS / SPECIFICATION

BMS DOCUMENTS

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INTRODUCTION

An Internal Combustion Rotating Machine whichproduces useful work for industrial processes.

Commonly used in Oil & Gas Industry for MechanicalDrive application and for Power Generation

Self sufficient system Capable to compress air, enrichenergetic power of air and convert power to usefulmechanical energy

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INTRODUCTION

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Operating Principle

Brayton Cycle Thermodynamic cycle according to which gas turbine works

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Operating Principle

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Operating Principle

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Operating Principle

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Operating Principle

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Operating Principle

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Types of Gas Turbines

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A) Construction Industrial Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Aero-derivative Gas Turbines

B) Drive System

Single Shaft

Multiple Shaft

C) Based on Thermodynamic Cycle

Simple Cycle

Regenerative Cycle

Combined Cycle

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Industrial Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

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Heavy, housed in rugged construction

Very High Single Unit Capacity

Compression ratio relatively low - 8:1 to 16:1

More tolerant to low quality fuel

Large Unit with Higher Exhaust Temperature allow Cogeneration/CombinedCycle

Lower capital Cost

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Aero Derivative Gas Turbines

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Light weight

Relatively low Single Unit Capacity

High compression ratio13:1 to 33:1

Not suitable for low quality fueldegradation of performance over time is rapid

Lower Exhaust Temperature limits cogeneration capability Higher power boost possible with steam injection

Higher Capital Cost

High Technology maintenance is required at vendors shop.

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- Single Shaft Gas Turbine For generator applications

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- Multiple Shaft Gas Turbine for mechanical drive applications

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-SimpleCycle Gas Turbine

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- Regenerative Cycle Gas Turbine

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- Combined (Co-generative) Cycle Gas Turbine

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GAS TURBINE SELECTION

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Service & Application

Power generation or Mechanical Drive

Continuous or Intermittent Requirement of Co-generation

Off-shore or On-shore

Ambient Conditions

Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure / Altitude

Relative Humidity Fuel Type

Natural gas

Diesel Oil, Heavy Fuel Oil

Dual Fuel

Pressure Drop in the Inlet / Exhaust System

Environmental Emission Regulation

Availability of Technical Services & Supports

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GAS TURBINE SELECTION(Ambient Condition Inlet Air Temperature)

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(Ambient Condition Atmospheric Pressure)

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(Ambient Condition - Humidity)

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(Fuel Type)

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(Pressure Drop in Inlet & Exhaust)

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ISO Standard Rating Continuous power developed by

gas turbine under the following standard conditions atISO-rated firing temperature

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Site Rated Power The following are considered for

calculating realistic site rated power.

Power Requirement of Driven Equipment

Site Ambient Conditions DeratingAmbient Pressure, Temperature, Humidity

Margin for losses within Gas TurbineAPI 617 margin for Air Compressor, Air

Compressor Fouling, Aging, Inlet & Exhaust Losses, Additional Loss for WHRU,

Gear Box Losses

Type of fuel (gas or liquid) and combustor

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Gas Turbine Auxiliaries

Air Intake Systems & Exhaust System

Fuel Gas Conditioning System

Starting System

Acoustic Enclosure & Ventilation System

Lubrication System

Control System

Cleaning SystemOnline & Offline

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INDUSTRY STANDARDS / SPECIFICATION

INTERNATIONAL

API API 616, 2011Gas Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical & Gas Industry

API API RP11 PGTPackaged Gas Turbine

ASME ASME PTC 22Performance Test Code on gas Turbine

ISO ISO 2314Gas Turbines - Acceptance Tests

COMPANY / PROJECT SPECIFICATION

SHELL DEP 31.29.70.11 SHELL DEP 31.29.70.31

SHELL DEP 31.29.70.32

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GAS TURBINE BMS DOCUMENTS

PEC-BMS-EN-FRM-M-0796 Mechanical: Checklist: Bid Evaluation of GAS

TURBINE

PEC-BMS-EN-STN-M-4550 Technical Bid Evaluation FormatGAS TURBINE

GENERATOR PACKAGE

PEC-BMS-EN-GDE-M-4547 Inter-Discipline Scope Matrix for GAS TURBINE

GENERATOR PACKAGE

PEC-BMS-EN-STN-M-4551 Supplier Document Requirement List (SDRL) - GAS

TURBINE GENERATOR PACKAGE

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Documents

Gas Turbine Fundamentals