(OFCEAS)Optical Feedback Cavity Enhanced

Absorption Spectroscopy

Model 8000 Gas Analyzer

AP2E

Gas Analyzer Probe & Laser OFCEAS

Model 8000 Gas Analyzer

Now Available to Monitor Nox, CO2, SO2, O2CO Coming Soon!

Control Unit Insitu Detector Probe

Typical Locations

CEMTEK 8000Probe System

Monitor NOx SCR inlet /outlet to determinescrubber efficiency

Each Probe consists of acomplete system

Low Cost NoncompliantSystem

Applications & Technology

Measurement method

NOx solid state Chemiluminescence sensorSO2 – NDUV

O2 Zirconia planar sensorCO2 – Infrared sensor (NDIR)

NOx probe product is Designed for

Post combustion SCR inlet/outlet monitoringCombustion turbine tuning

Low Nox burner tuning

Basic ComponentsAnalyzer controller

houses the control electronics and flow controls

Probe contains the dilution block and configured measurement sensors:NO, NO2, O2, CO2

Interconnect cable contains the, calibration gas line, dilution air line,thermocouple and power cables.

Duct / Stack Mounted Analyzer

Analyzer Controller

Flow Control AssemblyCal Span Gas &

Instrument air

Instrument Air

Calibration

Dilution

EnclosureNEMA 4

Optional 4X SS

HMI Display

Heaters/VAC

Control/VDC

Dimensions:

12” x 16” (9.4”deep)

¼” swagelockfittings

Control Board Assembly

Controller Components

Dilution Probe Enclosure

Ozonator

NOx Sensor

Instrument Air

Calibration Dilution

Control/VDC

Heaters/VAC

Probe

Temp ControlHeater

Dimensions:

16” x 20” x 9.78” (to flange)

¼” swagelock fittings

Max ambient temp: 140F

NEMA 4/NEMA 4X SS(option)

Mounting:

via 5/8” studs ontocustomer supplied process

flange

Probe Enclosure Components

Probe Advantages

Low Flow – Dilution sample technology, EPAprovenNo Sample ConditioningFast Response 5 seconds to 90% step changeLow Maintenance, low installation costRobust Probe Mounted OPTIONAL O2 and NO2converter

Advantages ofIn Probe Design

Pneumatic Block Assembly

Regulates all the systemflows

Consists of balance regulators& plumbing

2 flow regulators control theflow of calibration gas &instrument air supply to theNOx sensor.

At the same time eductorplumbing feeds the pump airsupply

Installation Requirements

All connections are via the 1.5” Conduit Connection

One ¼” Swagelok port for calibration gas, concentration is dependent on

range, xx ppm NO in N2

One ¼ Swagelok port for instrument air (1.5 SCFM @ 80 psi). Clean dry air @

30F dew point, for dilution air & zero gas.

Air Clean up Panel is available as an option (compressed air unavailable)

Signals to customer control are isolated 4 20 mA analog

General Fault alarm – analyzer powered 24v dc

Power consumption of 5A (max on startup) at 120VAC.

System Installation Requirements

Controller Interface

Multi unit Installation

Installation References(Details Available)

• AEP, Environmental Equipment Performanceoffice

• Genon Energy Reading PA (7EA CT)

• AEP Gavin Plant

• Ameren Energy Edwards Station

• TVA Kingston Plant

• Hoosier Energy Coop Merom Station

• OVEC Kyger Creek Plant

• First Energy, Bruce Mansfield

SCR Performance Optimization

Actual time differential between 8000 NOx Probe & DilutionExtractive System – approximately 90 secs

AP2E Patented System

Low PressureSampling System

Low PressureSampling System

(OFCEAS)Optical Feedback Cavity Enhanced

Absorption Spectroscopy

(OFCEAS)Optical Feedback Cavity Enhanced

Absorption Spectroscopy

Low Pressure Sampling

On line gas analysis measurement, extremely fast response time, high sensitivity,no drift, minimal interference.

Simplified minimal sampling system, multigas measurement capability

Measurable Compounds

Improved Sensitivity

Increased Signal IntensityReduced Signal NoiseImproved Response Linearity

Direct Intensity MeasurementSelf Referencing Device

Self StabilizationSelf Standardization

Part 1(OFCEAS)

Optical

Feedback

Cavity

Enhanced

Absorption

Spectroscopy

Part 1(OFCEAS)

Optical

Feedback

Cavity

Enhanced

Absorption

Spectroscopy

Traditional Design: Multipass Gas CellPathlength = l1 = 1 – 10 m

Concentration = Absorbtion / length.

Improved Sensitivity

OFCEAS design: Hyper-Reflective Gas CellPathlength = l2 = 1 – 10 km

Concentration = Absorbtion / length.

Sensitivity Improvementl2 / l1 = 1,000 X

1 MHz BW

Improved Sensitivity

Feedback enables increased laser purity

Reduced Noise(single scan noise = 4.10 10 A.U.)

Increased Signal Intensity(10X increase compared to laser alone)

Improved Instrumental Response Linearity(4 orders of magnitude)

0.01 MHz BW

Signal Noise andResponse Improvements

Laser Intensity(mA)

Wavelength

Injected Laser beam wavelengthcontrolled by applying a current

(0.002 nm / mA)

Continuous intensity spectrum

200 equidistant data points

0.00112 nm optical resolution

Discrete spectrum

Direct MeasurementSelf Referencing

1

20

80

(nm)T + d I

T

t(ms)

2 3 199 200

100 ms

0.00112nm0.005cm-1

0.22 nm centered @ 1,500 nm

Injected Laser beam wavelengthcontrolled by applying a current

(0.002 nm / mA)

Continuous intensity spectrum

200 equidistant data points

0.00112 nm optical resolution

Direct MeasurementSelf Referencing

0.00112nm0.005cm-1

I0 (ZERO) I (conc.)

Each spectrum contains bothI(concentration) and

I0 (re zero) information

NO REFERENCE GASREQUIRED

Raw Spectrum

Direct MeasurementSelf Referencing

Beamsplitter / PhotoDiodeContinuous intensity standardization

Piezo Electric Motor Controller MirrorPhase synchronization

Ring Down Measurement(after each spectrum)Check gas cell cleanliness

Laser FeedbackSelf Stabilization (mode locking)

NO DRIFT

Self Stabilization &Standardization

Optical Bench

1 Increasing sensitivity over standard gas cells by increasing pathlength to up 20 km (a1,000x improvement in signal intensity)

2 Improve wavelength accuracy by 100x, reducing noise and increasing signal intensity byfeeding back the laser beam onto itself

3 Self stabilizing the spectrometer by monitoring (and compensating for) the variationsof intensity of the laser IR source

4 Providing information at 200 different wavelengths every 100 millisecond for multi gasanalysis and self referencing capabilities

5 Reducing sample conditioning, and cleaning requirements, and accelerating responsetime by operating at low pressure

Technology of OFCEAS

Improved Sensitivity

Increased Signal IntensityReduced Signal NoiseImproved Response Linearity

Direct Intensity MeasurementSelf Referencing Device

Self StabilizationSelf Standardization

100 mBar Experimental

• Wavelength accurate

• Multi componentsingle laser application.

• Simultaneousmeasurement ofspecies @ ppm leveland species @ %concentration levels

• No interference / falsepositive response

• Absolute measurement(no re zero)

• Self standardizingsystem (no drift)

Spectrometers vs. OFCEAS

Selectivity: NDIR vs. FTIR

NDIR/FTIR selectivityH2S example low res/ high interference

Part 2(LPS)

L owP ressure (50 mBar)

S ampling

Part 2(LPS)

L owP ressure (50 mBar)

S ampling

Absorption Bands Narrowing,Matching Spectral InformationTo Optical Resolution

Avoiding Condensates InThe Sampling Line

Faster Sample Transfer Times

Minimized Maintenance

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

1589.2 1589.25 1589.3 1589.35

800mbr

400mbr

200mbr

100mbr

Narrows the bandwidth of the absorption bands touse the full potential of the extremely low optical

resolution.Avoids interferences and false positive response.

CO2 (30%) CH4 (30%) H2S (300 ppm)

Absorption Bands

As pressure decreases . . .… so does theboiling point …

… and so does thedew point..

Pressure (atm.)Critical Point

Solid(ice)

Liquid Gas(vapor)

Avoiding Condensates

No Heated Lines Required *

Sampling post SCRemissions at a trashincinerator facility.

Sampling engineemissions at engine

research facility.

* No heated line required if H2O < 20% vol. and T > 10 Celsius. Otherwise, 40 Celsius heating required.

Avoiding Condensates

Flow Rate @Sampling Probe 3 – 9 L/h

Flow Rate @Inside Line 30 – 90 L/h

Transfer Time(4/6 tubing) ~ 5 sec / 10 m

Faster Transfer Times

High velocity flow rate under low pressure samplingmeans less sample drawn across the filter and

less maintenance.

Quartz wool filterafter 3 months of usesampling post SCRemissions at a trashincinerator facility.

Minimized Maintenance

Feature

Feedback – 10x signal intensity increase

Analytical Benefit

Sensitivity (ppt levels)

Feedback – 10 KHz laser bandwidth0.00112 nm resolution

Multicomponent analysis single laser(e.g. SO2, O2, H2S, CH4, C2H6, etc)

Low Pressure Sampling Remove problem with condensableRemoves interferences issues.

104 Dynamic Range Measure ppm and percent level speciessimultaneously.

Scanning Speed / Co Addition 1 full spectrum (200 equidistant discretedata points collected every 100 ms)Fast response time; low signal noise.

Absolute measurementNo re calibration required.No re zero required.No instrumental response drift.

ProCeas ®Trace Gas Analyzers

SAMPLING SPECIFICATIONS

Flow RateMax Temp. (°C)Max HumiditySample pressure

3 – 9 liter/hour600°CH2O < 25% vol. (absolute)Atm +/ 100mbar

OPERATIONAL SPECIFICATION

Operational Temp. (°C)

Sampling ProbePower RequirementsPower InputOil free compressed air

15 25°C(10 40°C optional)Sonic Sampler (input)200 W110 – 220V/50 60Hz1 6 bars (not provided)

DIMENSIONS

Dimensions

WeightWall mounted versionATEX version

19’’ RackDepth: 545mm (21.8 in.)30 kg (66 lbs)On requestOn request

SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Display / Control

SoftwareOperating System

Color touchscreen (5.7”diagonal)Win ProCeas ©Windows ® XP ®

DATA I/O’s

Standard:• Ethernet Protocol• RS485, RS232• Analog I/O & TOR

Optional:• MODBUS• other on request

ANALYTICAL SPECIFICATIONS

RepeatabilityZero drift

Stability

< 0.5 % rel. to max in rangeNone(Absolute Measurement)< 1% of full scale

ProCeas ®Trace Gas Analyzers

ProCeas Trace Gas AnalyzersExisting Installations 1/3

ProCeas Trace Gas AnalyzersExisting Installations 2/3

ProCeas Trace Gas AnalyzersExisting Installations 3/3

Thank you . . .I appreciate your time

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