Wall

Garban, Marines

Perez, Rogmary

Soler, Wini

WallMasonry rising from the floor to a height, generally taller than people. It used to divide a room alia, to protect an area of a house or hold a roof.

Mesopotamia

•The walls were made of fragile mud bricks, so they were thicker. To Cover of walls, their inhabitants were used tiles that gave colorful to them.

•The walls were covered with colored reliefs following very simple patterns, including repetition and symmetry.

Egypt•Materials used for wall construction were adobe and stone.

•The stone for the walls was used in tombs and temples, while bricks were used in homes, even in the royal palaces, forts, of the enclosures walls to the temples and cities.

• The walls were covered with hieroglyphics and carvings painted in brilliant colors.

Mayan Culture

•The stucco was used to cover the walls, which were decorated with paintings.

• Due to enormous weight of the vaults, walls had increased the thickness.

Ancient Greece•The walls were made by

wood, unfired bricks or mortar.

•Inside the house, the walls were whitewashed.

•The exterior walls were so fragile that burglars prefer entrance to force.

Ancient Rome

•The materials used for the walls were cement and brick. As for the brick, the Romans realized that the baked brick was more resistant and therefore lasted longer.

•The Romans placed fresh on the walls.

Medieval Age•Many walls were constructed with stone for protect to medieval cities. Although, brick was a material used.

•The walls were covered with mosaics, many of them made with enamel glass, cut into small pieces.

Renaissance and Baroque•There were alternating between concave and convex walls with corrugated surfaces, which give an impression of movement.

•The amount of details on the walls, sometimes were exaggerated.

•Also, in these stages was make great stone walls that withstand the strong vaults.

Modern Age•The external walls can be made by adobe, brick, stone, wood, glass, steel and cement.

•The internal walls generally tend to be of brick, plaster, wood, among others.

•They can be covered with fine painted plaster, wood, plastic or ceramic.

TYPES OF WALL

Standard wall (5.9 – 7.8 inches thick)Structural wall (11.8 – 15.7 inches thick)

Masonry wall (3.9 – 5.9 inches thick)Retaining wall (Depends on the case)

Openwork wall (5.9 – 7.8 inches thick)

Defensive wall (depends on the case)

The Wall: Architectonical point of view

They create and define spaces. Indicate the difference between inside and

outside. Create privacy. They can be built with almost any material,

from stones to concrete or steel. Since they found the way to build using

inclinations or even curves, walls have served to shape the more daring designs (Guggenheim Museums in New York and Bilbao, Swiss Re Building in London, Valleacerón Chapel in Spain.)

Guggenheim Museums in New York (left) and Bilbao (right)

Swiss Re Building in London Valleacerón Chapel in Spain

The Wall: Urbanistic point of view

• Fortification for defense • Mark territory• Represent status and independence• Enclose settlements• Delimitation for unconstructed areas• Delimitation of green zones• Functional delimitation

Conclusion

Wall is a basic element, needed in any city and construction, it has a lot of uses, it

can work as a separation or union structure.