ganim-review2

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er the last century, dramatic advances have been made in the elds of human development and pedagogical thinking. Yet, the school building stands stagnan

ther school designers from over a century ago were incredibly forward-thinking, or weve got some serious catching up to do

The Stagnated School Anargumentforarchitecturesrenewedinterestineducati

analysisoftheconventionalschoolmodelbyscale TraditionalSchool Breakdown

Assumingthattheschoolsgoalistoprepareitsstudentstoentertheworkforce,ithashistoricallybeenquitesuccessful.Itspastefcacyreduceditsneedforchange.

0

10

20

30

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year

PercentofUS

population

25-29

years

Batchelors degree or more

High school degree or more

Increases in Educational Attainment: 1950-2005

Source:TheUSCensusBureau,CurrentPopulationSurveyand1950CensusofthePopulation

22.4%

Unemployed

22.0%

Working;

no degree

required

55.6%

Working;

degree

required

Employment Rate:

College graduates under age 2

NewYorkTimes,OutlookisBleakEvenforRecentCollegeGraduates,20

Whiletherehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobthatrequireskilledlabor,educational attainment hasincreaseddisproportionatelyintheUS,resultinginanoversaturation of the skilled job market.

Other

Service

Manufacturing

Other

Service

Manufacturing

Job Market in 1950

Job Market in 2002

Changing Job Market: 1950-2000

Source:USAToday,U.S.manufacturingjobsfadingawayfast,2002

The job market has

changed drasticallyinthelasthalfcentury.Manu-facturingjobs,whichusedtoaccountforathirdofUSjobs,havedroppedtoaroundtenpercent.Thisisattributedtoincreasedau-tomationandoffshoring.

0

1

2

3

7

6

5

4

19 50 1 960 1 97 0 198 0 199 0 2 00 0

Year

Employees(inmillions)

Science and Technology Employment: 1950-2000

Source:TheUSScienceandTechnologyWorkforce,ReportforCongress,6/30/2009

Thehigh tech industryhasalsohadanimpact.Notonlyhasitplayedalargerroleinthejobmarketwithitsfastgrowth,buttheevolutionoftheelditselfisthefastestofanytheworldhasseen.Ourworldisevolvingatanunprecedentedspeed.Thereisagrowingneedtoadapt,create, and innovateinordertokeepupwithorstayaheadofthecurve.Uniformity and narrow denitions ofsuccess are obsolete in this new job market; creativity

and innovation have taken their place.

Conicting Interests

City

Government

tize uniformity and metric

ssment to secure state and

ral funding

Prioritize overall student growth

and learning to be successful

entering the workforce

lective,

titution-focused

Individual,

Student-focused

School Admin

Teachers

Students

School

Building

Parents

Overthelast50years,anewjobmarkethasemerged.Thetraditionalschoolmodelcontinuestoteachtowardsthejobmarketthatexistedthen.Pro-

gressiveeducationhasrecognizedthegrowingim-portanceofcreativeproblem-solvingandhands-onlearningoverrotememorization,andhasdevelopedradicalpedagogiesthatembracethesemethods.Educationismosteffectivewhenpedagogyandschooatmosphereareinalignment.Educatorsaredoingtheirparttoadapt:architecturemustfollowsuit,orriskobsolescenceintheareaofeducation.Woulditbesofarfetchedinourincreasinglydigitalworldtodisposeoftheschoolbuildingaltogether?

Top-down Uniformity

B+

MetricAssessment

Thetraditionalschoolwassuccessful

becauseofitstop-down natureanditsfocusonuniformityandmetric assess-ment,whicharereinforcedbyitsarchitec

ture.Thejobmarket,historicallybasedinagricultureandmanufacturing,valuedthe

skillsthatcamefromthistypeof

education.

Material and Human Scale

Materiality:Prescribedclassroommaterialswithuniformperformance:durable,washable,anti-septic,long-lasting,child-resistant

Ergonomics:Adultfurniturescaleddowntoachildssize.Differencesinachildsmovementandbehaviorarenotaddressedoraccountedfor.

The centralized resource plan

The courtyard plan

The classroom-

clustering plan The courtyard with classroom clustering plan

The dumbbell plan The spine plan

Organizational Scale

Uniformityoforganization:double-loadedcorridorstrategy,standardsizeofandrelationshipsbetweenprogram

Buffer

School Building PlaygroundPlayground

Urban Relationship Scale

Parkingasmeansofmonasticisolationfromtheadjacentcommunity;singleentryandexitpointwithmultipleaccesspointsfromwithinforenclosedoutdoorspace.

Interior Scale

Uniformityofclassroomlayout:lectureorgroupworkformat,denedfrontofroom


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Formal Education

Top-down,

defined

Traditional School

Distributedcontrol,

undefined

Informal Learning

Potteries Thinkbelt

Bright Works

High School for

Recording Arts

Montessori

Hertzberger

Waldorf

Danfoss Universe

Museums, Galleries, Exploratoria Unschooling

Home schooling

Nature

Schools

The Public

School

Ideas Circus

ArchigramIdeasCircus

CedricPrice

PotteriesThinkbelt

Brightworks:AnExtraordinaryScho

nfossUniverseExploratorium

aldorfSchool

ghSchoolforRecordingArts

Precedent Analysis Alookatalternativestrategies,bothwithintheschoolandwitho

sitioningintentwithregardtotheexistingandtheoretical Situating theMajorPlayers

ark Horton, The Little School

e Public School

kitema, Hellerup Skole

Non-Sc

hoolPrecedents

SchoolPrecedents

Interior

TheGreatMosqueofCordoba

MichaelTownsendOneKinsleyAvenue

AdventurePlaygrounds Museum

Organization

MVRDV

VillaVPRO

StephaneMalka

SelfDefense

H.RoyKelley

RANDCorporation

Mall

U

rbanRelationship

BernardTschumiParcdelaVillette

TheImagineBusProject LeCorbusierVeniceHospital

UrbanTransitNetwork

MaterialandHuman

The Loose t Bottom-Up Interventions Conceptual Antithesis

Programmatic Antithesis

(Typologies)

AndyGoldsworthy

FallLeaves

OlafurEliasson

YourBlindPassenger

PlaygroundLebbeusWoodsSystemWein

HellerupSkoleisoneofthefewsuc-sfulexamplesofanopenplanschool.ndsitssuccessthroughpedagogicalnment,coupledwiththedifferentiationpaces.Avarietyofspecicenviron-

ntsarecreatedthataremoreorlessducivetocertainactivities,ratherthan

niformenvironmentthroughthespace.

orouswalldividestheopenspaceandprovidescirculationthat,duetoitssize,isac-sibleonlytochildren.Thisdesignconvertsthetypicaldouble-loadedcorridorintoad,ratherthanthetraditionalvoid.Additionally,ittakesintoaccounttheergonomics,rgy,andmovementofchildreninawaythattraditionalschoolsneglectto.

ThePublicSchoollooksattheconceptofthecityasaschool.Thereisauidrela-tionshipbetweenteachers

andstudentsbasedonin-terestandexpertise.Anyonecanteach,andanyonecan

cometolearn.Classestakeplacearoundthecity,takingfulladvantageofthecityasalaboratory.


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Thickened Poche Amat-buildingexperimentthatinterlockstop-downandkid-onlylandscap

KateGanim | ThesisReview | Spring2012 | LatentPolitics | BrianPrice

Process Diagram: Thickening the Poche

Floorplan:

TheLittleSchool

AbstractedLittleSchooloorplan

Blackispoche.Yellowisoccupiablebychildrenonly.

Greenandblueareprogrammedareas. Pocheisthickened

Pocheisstretchedfurther,creatingavoidwithinitself.Kid-onlyaccessismaintained

Redbecomeskid-onlyspace.

ening the Field in support of design intent

ossible program combinations: Degree of overlap:

Degree of alignment:

ientation:

rain in 1 direction,

ptimal for sun

mall program) Perpendicular grain 2 different grains

2 different grains with

perpendicular variation Multi-directional

rculation:

Defined, strightDirect

Funneled Pinched Bulging Corner

Thick straight Angled, narrow

Angled, thick

N

S

EW

N

S

EW

N

S

EW

N

S

EW

Orientation for sun:

DirectedUndirected

Directing circulation through overlap:

Overlap + alignment combos:Guiding circulation with alignment:

esign intent: enabling beyond the Field Condition

Enfilade

Flowing space with no

corridors, direct connections

open between rooms

Safe outdoor space

The site is flanked by Oak

and Fell, two streets with

heavy vehicular traffic. Sep

ration between children an

traffic is a must.

Utility of program space

Classroom utility must

remain intact. Circulation

and sound containment

play a significant role, as

well as maintaining typi-

cal classroom dimensions

and qualities, like a desig-

nated front of the room.

Endless storage

Site visits to progressive

schools revealed storage

to be seriously lacking,

with alternate measures

taken to compensate.

Inerlocking continuous

landscapes

At ground level sits the top-

down, programmed land-

scape. Around and above is

the kid-accessed, more

loosely defined landscape.

Inverting the typical

relationship of child reliance

With much of the storage

space located inside of the

poche, roles are reversed in

that adults are positioned to

ask the kids to put away and

access class materials.

Mat-building

Like Corbusiers Venice Hos-

pital or MVRDVs Villa VPRO,

this building type allows for

adaptable interiors and

blurred boundary conditions,

along with a non-iconic form.

Implying programmed spa

Traditional program foot-

prints are legible without f

enclosure. Overlapping foo

prints make boundaries

within this landscape

ambiguous, and the poche

landscape yields a diversit

of spaces.


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Fell

Brod

erick

Panhandle

Oak

Baker

ey

Small program, 800 sf

Medium program, 1,500 sf

Large program, 5,000 sf

Poche

Occupiable poche

Ground (adult) circulation

Above (kid) circulation

Entry point

Front of room

(non-porous wall)

e Plan: Program blocks, entry points, and orientation

che thicknesses and Circulation

ctednessofcirculationatgroundlevel,

-down,adultcontrolledspace

Circulationatelevatedlevelconnectingoccupiablepoche,

Distributedcontrol,kid-occupiedspace

Layeringofduallandscapes

erlocking landscapes and sectional shifts

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