4
Gandhi and Mandela Their Stories By: Sophie Ludel

Gandhi and mandela presentation

  • Upload
    sludel

  • View
    523

  • Download
    2

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Gandhi and MandelaTheir Stories

By:Sophie Ludel

Mahatma Gandhi• Was born in 1869 in Porbandar, India• He left for England in 1888 to become a lawyer• Gandhi then went to South Africa in 1893 to work for a Muslim firm as a

lawyer and correspondence clerk• Gandhi founded the Natal Indian Congress, in an effort to reduce the

intensity of the Indian Franchise Bill, which attempted to take away Indian’s voting rights

• Returned to India in 1914, and traveled as a political guru– He created a syllabus of national regeneration, entitled the

“Constructive Programme”• Dealt with a variety of things about life, and symbolic values,

also looked at development of village industries, equality for women, bans on alcohol, adoption of a common national language, and much more

• Within four years of being back in India, Gandhi became a national leader• In 1920, Gandhi introduced a Non-cooperation Movement, and lasted for

about two years– As a result of leading this movement, Gandhi was arrested and tried in

1922• Was sentenced to six years in prision but only served two of them• In 1924 Gandhi was elected President of Congress• In an effort to create a mutual respect and tolerance between the Hindu’s

and Muslim, Gandhi took part in a 21 day fast in 1924• In the 1930s, salt became an important since it had a huge impact on all

Indians, united the Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi decided to launch a satyagraha (which is a nonviolent resistance) against the governments decision to tax it.

• On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was on his way to prayer when assassinated by a fellow Hindu

Gandhi BeliefsGandhi Beliefs• Gandhi was an extremely religious thinkerGandhi was an extremely religious thinker

– Religion was how human beings related and understood GodReligion was how human beings related and understood God– Religion was the foundation of life, and formed one’s activitiesReligion was the foundation of life, and formed one’s activities– He followed Indian traditions and took a cosmocentric view of He followed Indian traditions and took a cosmocentric view of

human beingsshuman beingss

• Thought that “evil” was not an independent principle, but Thought that “evil” was not an independent principle, but rather that it was something that was permitted or allowedrather that it was something that was permitted or allowed

• Gandhi considered that all life was sacred, and thus he Gandhi considered that all life was sacred, and thus he thought that it was inhumane to kill any form of life, no like thought that it was inhumane to kill any form of life, no like if more important than another, human or nonhuman, it is a if more important than another, human or nonhuman, it is a lifelife

– He was a vegetarianHe was a vegetarian

• Believed that persons owed their existence to their parentsBelieved that persons owed their existence to their parents• Saw humans as interdependent (regards both the self and Saw humans as interdependent (regards both the self and

the other)the other)– Thus humans could not degrade/brutalize others without doing Thus humans could not degrade/brutalize others without doing

the same to themselvesthe same to themselves

• To Gandhi the idea of oppression and exploitation was To Gandhi the idea of oppression and exploitation was formed from the idea of indivisible humanity formed from the idea of indivisible humanity

• The mind included a stream of conscious (chetana), also The mind included a stream of conscious (chetana), also intelligence (buddhi) and the last was a dimension of intelligence (buddhi) and the last was a dimension of human beings (atman)human beings (atman)

– Humans were four dimensional in nature: possessing body, a Humans were four dimensional in nature: possessing body, a mind, a non-material personality and a spiritmind, a non-material personality and a spirit

– Human nature was the basis of moral thinkingHuman nature was the basis of moral thinking

• Gandhi was known for satyagraha: this was a philosophy Gandhi was known for satyagraha: this was a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistanceand practice of nonviolent resistance

• Thought that police did not reduce crime but encouraged it Thought that police did not reduce crime but encouraged it

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela• Born Rolihlahla Mandela, he came into this world on July 18th 1918, Born Rolihlahla Mandela, he came into this world on July 18th 1918,

in Transkeiin Transkei• Born into a high ranking familyBorn into a high ranking family• After the Afrikaner-dominated National Party, who supported After the Afrikaner-dominated National Party, who supported

apartheid policy of racial segregation, won the election in 1948, apartheid policy of racial segregation, won the election in 1948, Mandela became extremely prominent in politicsMandela became extremely prominent in politics

• In 1952, he led the ANC’s (African National Congress) Defiance In 1952, he led the ANC’s (African National Congress) Defiance Campaign as an anti-apartheid projectCampaign as an anti-apartheid project

• In 1952, he was arrested for violating the Suppression of In 1952, he was arrested for violating the Suppression of Communism ActCommunism Act

• In 1960, the ANC was outlawedIn 1960, the ANC was outlawed• Mandela was imprisoned in both 1962 and 1964 for treasonMandela was imprisoned in both 1962 and 1964 for treason

– In total he spent twenty-seven years in prison: From 1964 to In total he spent twenty-seven years in prison: From 1964 to 1983 on Robben Island, from 1982 to 1988 in Pollsmoor Prison 1983 on Robben Island, from 1982 to 1988 in Pollsmoor Prison in Capetown, South Africa, and from 1988 to 1990 in Victor in Capetown, South Africa, and from 1988 to 1990 in Victor Verster Prison, in PaarlVerster Prison, in Paarl

• He was released in 1990, after South African President, He was released in 1990, after South African President, F.W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the ANCF.W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC

• Klerk and Mandela won the Noble Peace Price in 1993 for their efforts Klerk and Mandela won the Noble Peace Price in 1993 for their efforts in ending the apartheidin ending the apartheid

• Mandela was elected the countries president in 1994Mandela was elected the countries president in 1994– Upon coming into power Mandela formed a coalition government Upon coming into power Mandela formed a coalition government

entitled “national unity”entitled “national unity”• Gandhi was a huge influence for Mandela, affecting his approach and Gandhi was a huge influence for Mandela, affecting his approach and

methods to issuesmethods to issues– Mandela chose to use Gandhi’s non-violent approach to solving Mandela chose to use Gandhi’s non-violent approach to solving

conflictsconflicts