Game, Fish and Parks · Disease Overview • Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal brain disease of cervids that is caused by an abnormal protein called a prion • Mule deer,

November 2018 CWD Stakeholder Meeting

GAME, FISH and PARKS South Dakota

Chronic Wasting Disease

Presentation Outline • Disease overview • CWD transmission • Disease impacts • CWD distribution • Results of CWD surveillance in South Dakota

Disease Overview • Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal brain disease

of cervids that is caused by an abnormal protein called a prion

• Mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk, moose, reindeer

• Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) • Scrapie – sheep and goats • BSE (Mad Cow Disease) – cattle • Transmissible mink encephalopathy • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) – humans

• Chronic wasting disease is always fatal

• No vaccine, treatment, or medical cure currently exists

Disease Overview cont. • No cases of human prion disease have been associated

with Chronic Wasting Disease

• Other species have been infected by CWD (e.g., mice, non-human primates), but only under laboratory conditions

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) makes recommendations on the side of caution • The risk appears low, but is not zero

Disease Transmission • Contagious • Uptake is believed to be mostly oral

• Direct Transmission • Animal to animal • Body fluids – saliva, urine, feces • Carcasses – infectious tissues

• Indirect Transmission • Animal to environment to animal • Contaminated environment - carcasses, saliva, urine, feces • Environmental reservoirs – mineral licks, feeding/baiting,…

Disease Transmission cont. • Prions are virtually indestructible. They are resistant to many

common disinfectants, heat, sunlight, and freezing, as well as other processes that typically kill pathogens

• Prions can persist in the environment for potentially decades and remain infectious to susceptible animals

• Certain plants uptake small levels of the prion from contaminated substrate, indicating the potential for susceptible animals to ingest the pathogen

• Long incubation period (months to years) • 16 months to 5 years or longer • Non-clinical animals are infectious • Some animal may be more resistant, but none immune

Disease Impacts • Recent research has documented mortality and herd

growth implications due to CWD. Examples:

• Colorado, Mule deer (Miller et al. 2008) • 25% prevalence rates; unhunted population • Higher mortality rates; Population growth < 1

• Colorado, Elk (Monello et al. 2014) • 13% prevalence rates • Higher mortality rates; Population growth < 1

• Wyoming, White-tailed deer (Edmunds et al. 2016) • High prevalence rates, Males 29%, Females 42% • Mortality rates 4.5 times higher; Population growth .9

• Wyoming, Mule deer (Devivo 2015) • Prevalence rates, 50% males, 30% females • Mortality rates 2.8 times higher; Population growth .74

CWD Distribution (2018)

Deer and Elk – CWD positives

Adult Elk CWD Surveillance

CWD Prevalence RatesSick Surveillance Hunter Harvest Road kill/other

WICA CSP Black Hills WICA CSP Black Hills WICA CSP Black Hills2000/01--2012/13 68.3% 18.2% 4.3% na 0.4% 0.5% 22.9% 0.0% 2.9%2013/14--2017/18 55.1% 86.7% 19.0% 15.4% 11.1% 1.4% 10.4% 0.0% 0.0%current year 2017/18 41.7% 100.0% 0.0% 32.0% 6.7% 1.8% na na 0.0%overall 61.1% 57.7% 8.8% 15.4% 1.1% 0.6% 16.9% 0.0% 2.4%

Sample sizesSick Surveillance Hunter Harvest Road kill/other

WICA CSP Black Hills WICA CSP Black Hills WICA CSP Black Hills2000/01--2012/13 41 11 47 0 785 4193 105 5 352013/14--2017/18 49 15 21 272 54 952 96 1 7current year 2017/18 12 4 1 25 30 341 0 0 1overall 90 26 68 272 839 5145 201 6 42complete datasetupdated 7/02/18Year = July 01 - June 30Areas exclusive

ADULT ELK

ELK Updated 2017-18

ELKall elk

Year* = July 01 - June 30

Sick Surveillance Hunter Harvest/ SharpshootersRoad kill/Research/City Removals/Lion Kill/otherGFP Surveillance

Number sampledNumber positiveNumber sampledNumber positiveNumber sampledNumber positiveNumber sampledNumber positive

Year*WICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairie

1995/1996

1996/1997

1997/1998

1998/19991

1999/2000

2000/2001

2001/20021174901111

2002/200332195490595

2003/200441121115511232

2004/20052311111415376272

2005/20063213110638221121

2006/20073391110148121414

2007/2008319252412111021

2008/2009741547322151014

2009/2010131413373131742

2010/201121241115216111115

2011/20124124315041222991

2012/201393418119911153412

2013/201489102743811119651

2014/20151033152188122212

2015/201612224221693121016

2016/20177166132612032934324521

2017/20181251354002531376482600110000

2000/2001--2012/2013421149112822007914323260319011164012401000160000

2013/2014--2017/2018492022627134028656104394261309661011000000000000

2000/2001--2017/201891317117551560261847536635429320207125023401000160000

40 no test results WICA

ELK CWD Prevalence Ratesall elk

Sick SurveillanceHunter HarvestRoad kill/other

WICACSPBlack HillsWICACSPBlack HillsWICACSPBlack Hills

2000/2001--2012/201366.7%18.2%4.1%na0.4%0.4%21.6%0.0%2.5%

2013/2014--2017/201855.1%65.0%18.2%14.7%10.7%1.2%10.4%0.0%0.0%

overall60.4%48.4%8.5%16.1%1.1%0.6%16.4%0.0%2.0%

ADULTS

ELKAll Adults





1995/1996

1996/1997

1997/1998

1998/19991

1999/2000

2000/2001

2001/20021174901111

2002/200332195490595

2003/200441121115481222

2004/20052311111415366272

2005/2006321311061822921

2006/2007338119845221414

2007/2008319250390111021

2008/200973154631315714

2009/2010 31413123131742

2010/201121241115209111115

2011/20124124314241222791

2012/201393418119311152112

2013/201485102742791119121

2014/20151033152182122212

2015/201612224221583121016

2016/20177156132472029234324521

2017/201812413540025303414826000110000

2000/2001--2012/2013411147112822007854193260319010553512401000160000

2013/2014--2017/20184915216271340272549529426130961711000000000000

2000/2001--2017/20189026681755156027283951453542932020164223401000160000


ADULT ELK

CWD Prevalence Rates



2000/01--2012/1368.3%18.2%4.3%na0.4%0.5%22.9%0.0%2.9%

2013/14--2017/1855.1%86.7%19.0%15.4%11.1%1.4%10.4%0.0%0.0%

current year 2017/1841.7%100.0%0.0%32.0%6.7%1.8%nana0.0%Here’s the final tally on Wind Cave elk removed this winter: 2018

overall61.1%57.7%8.8%15.4%1.1%0.6%16.9%0.0%2.4%· Week 1 – 6 elk taken 4 negative, 2 positive CWD

· Week 2 – 6 elk taken 2 negative, 4 positive CWD

Sample sizes· Week 3 – 12 elk taken 10 negative, 2 positive CWD

Sick SurveillanceHunter HarvestRoad kill/other· Week 4 – 1 elk taken 1 negative, 0 positive CWD

WICACSPBlack HillsWICACSPBlack HillsWICACSPBlack Hills· TOTAL – 25 elk taken 17 negative, 8 positive CWD

2000/01--2012/1341114707854193105535

2013/14--2017/18491521272549529617Here’s the breakdown by sex and age of elk taken:

current year 2017/1812412530341001Yearling males 11 taken 2 positive

overall90266827283951452016422YO males 4 taken 1 positive

complete dataset3YO males 3 taken 1 positive

updated 7/02/183YO female 1 taken 0 positive

Year = July 01 - June 304YO males 1 taken 0 positive

Areas exclusive5YO males 1 taken 1 positive

6YO males 2 taken 1 positive



TOTALS 24 males 8 positive

MULE DEER

Mule Deerall MD





1995/1996

1996/1997

1997/1998

1998/19991

1999/2000

2000/20012

2001/20022247021497

2002/200397171395234517228

2003/2004651214340351023

2004/200545219838712013512

2005/2006337111634203319274

2006/20072215110234913413514

2007/2008410156355511679

2008/20092111442919283663

2009/20104161143237629084

2010/2011519232046383111

2011/201241912261047152251

2012/20133101132

2013/20141163

2014/20156122311

2015/2016115411

2016/2017314153

2017/20181100902100

2000/2001--2012/20135245116003732964316500142111099928380230041250000

2013/2014--2017/201800931002700320000420210000000530000

2000/2001--2017/2018525414700514329673185001461130100128480230041780000

MULE DEER



WICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairieWICACSPBlack HillsPrairie

2000/01--2012/130.0%0.0%6.7%6.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%1.3%7.2%0.2%1.1%

2013/14--2017/1822.2%22.6%0.0%20.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

current year 2017/180.0%0.0%0.0%

overall0.0%0.0%9.3%9.5%0.0%0.0%0.1%1.4%7.1%0.2%1.1%

Sample sizes



2000/01--2012/1352451163296431651110999283

2013/14--2017/1800931003202021

current year 2017/18001100090021

overall525414732967318511301001284

updated 6/30/18

*2018 fical year = 1 July 2017 - 30 June 2018

Areas exclusive

change date range to relfect when federal funding quite in 2012/2013?????

WTD

White-tailed deerall WTD





1995/1996

1996/1997

1997/1998

1998/1999

1999/2000

2000/20011

2001/2002111168721151

2002/2003111711263405351136421530

2003/200411161670441725137

2004/200581218781933813111

2005/20068911883819623483611

2006/20071622762143134320419

2007/2008610278453171153124952

2008/20098222327261411343402

2009/201041923747615011013290250

2010/20116683292803751910357104

2011/201272222112043501083402713

2012/20135381132384

2013/2014323223256

2014/201511516731

2015/2016511215812

2016/201741311993346(2 no test)

2017/201831024773710121896030

2000/2001--2012/2013128122500780219593530850165365625671292013100151310000

2013/2014--2017/20180016720077093086010146218960030000460000

2000/2001--2017/201812972970014150228596531710266771827561352016100151770000

WHITE-TAILED DEER




2000/01--2012/130.0%0.0%8.6%3.6%0.5%0.1%1.7%3.1%0.0%0.5%0.8%

2013/14--2017/1843.8%9.7%11.1%0.0%16.3%0.0%0.0%1.6%0.0%

current year 2017/1866.7%40.0%14.3%0.0%2.7%0.0%1.6%0.0%

overall0.0%0.0%14.4%5.1%0.9%0.1%2.1%2.8%0.0%0.6%0.7%

Sample sizes



2000/2001--2012/201312812250219593530856562567129

2013/2014--2017/2018001672093086621896

current year 2017/180031007737021896

overall12972970228596531717182756135

updated 2/27/18

*2018 fical year = 1 July 2017 - 30 June 2018

Areas exclusive

ELK REFERENCE ONLY SHEET

ELKall elkreference only





1995/1996

1996/1997

1997/1998

1998/19991

1999/2000

2000/2001

2001/20021174901111

2002/200332195490595

2003/200441121115511232

2004/20052311111415376272

2005/20063213110638221121

2006/20073391110148121414

2007/2008319252412111021

2008/2009741547322151014

2009/2010131413373131742

2010/201121241115216111115

2011/20124124315041222991

2012/201393418119911153412

2013/201489102743811119651

2014/20151033152188122212

2015/201612224221693121016

2016/20177166132612032934324521

2000-12338451020120079042242503180963360220100016

2013-174618254301040261267666344801119131120000000

2000-177926701450116026181649903134726020712491340100016


CWD Prevalence Ratesall elk



2000-1260.6%12.5%4.4%na0.4%0.4%22.9%0.0%2.8%

2013-1765.2%55.6%16.0%13.0%15.4%1.0%10.8%0.0%0.0%

overall63.3%42.3%8.6%13.0%0.9%0.5%16.4%0.0%2.0%

ADULTS

ELKAll Adults





1995/1996

1996/1997

1997/1998

1998/19991

1999/2000

2000/2001

2001/20021174901111

2002/200332195490595

2003/200441121115481222

2004/20052311111415366272

2005/2006321311061822921

2006/2007338119845221414

2007/2008319250390111021

2008/200973154631315714

2009/2010 31413123131742

2010/201121241115209111115

2011/20124124314241222791

2012/201393418119311152112

2013/201485102742791119121

2014/20151033152182122212

2015/201612224221583121016

2016/20177156132472029234324521

2000-12328431020120078441002503180903340220100016

2013-17461424430104024725704634480111371120000000

2000-17782267145011602478094804313472602016411340100016


CWD Prevalence Ratesadult only



2000-1262.5%12.5%4.7%na0.4%0.4%24.4%0.0%2.9%

2013-1765.2%71.4%16.7%13.8%16.0%1.1%10.8%0.0%0.0%

overall64.1%50.0%9.0%13.8%0.9%0.5%16.9%0.0%2.4%

CWD Surveillance cont. • Mule Deer (overall)

• Hunter Harvest Samples = ~3,200 Prairie; 1,000 Black Hills • Prevalence = 1.4% Prairie; 0.1% Black Hills

• White-tailed Deer (overall)

• Hunter Harvest Samples = ~3,200 Prairie; 6,000 Black Hills; 230 CSP • Prevalence = 2.1% Prairie; 0.1% Black Hills; 0.9% CSP

Questions?

GAME, FISH and PARKSPresentation OutlineDisease OverviewDisease Overview cont.Disease TransmissionDisease Transmission cont.Disease ImpactsSlide Number 8Deer and Elk – CWD positivesAdult Elk CWD SurveillanceCWD Surveillance cont.Questions?

Documents

Game, Fish and Parks · Disease Overview • Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal brain disease of cervids that is caused by an abnormal protein called a prion • Mule deer,